| 551. |
- Sjögren, Klara, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Disproportional skeletal growth and markedly decreased bone mineral content in growth hormone receptor -/- mice.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 267:2, s. 603-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone (GH) is important for skeletal growth as well as for a normal bone metabolism in adults. The skeletal growth and adult bone metabolism was studied in mice with an inactivated growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene. The lengths of femur, tibia, and crown-rump were, as expected, decreased in GHR-/- mice. Unexpectedly, GHR-/- mice displayed disproportional skeletal growth reflected by decreased femur/crown-rump and femur/tibia ratios. GHR-/- mice demonstrated decreased width of the growth plates in the long bones and disturbed ossification of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Furthermore, the area bone mineral density (BMD) as well as the bone mineral content (BMC)/body weight were markedly decreased in GHR-/- mice. The decrease in BMC in GHR-/- mice was not due to decreased trabecular volumetric BMD but to a decreased cross-sectional cortical bone area In conclusion, GHR-/- mice demonstrate disproportional skeletal growth and markedly decreased bone mineral content.
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| 552. |
- Sjölander Lindqvist, Annelie, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding aspects of environmental stigma: The case of Hallandsås
- 2000
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Ingår i: Foresight and Precaution (Proceedings of ESREL 2000, SARS and SRA-Europe Annual Conference), eds.: Cottam, M.P.; Harvey, D.W.; Pape, R.P.; Tait, J.. - 9058091422 ; 2, s. 1053-1060
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 553. |
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| 554. |
- Sjöström, Björn, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical competence in pain assessment.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical care Nursing. - 0964-3397. ; 16:5, s. 273-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge about the content of the clinical knowledge used by nurses in a surgical recovery unit for assessment of postoperative pain is fairly limited. The aim of the present study was to analyse and describe the variations of nurses' conceptions of the impact of clinical experience on competence in post-operative pain assessment. The informants consist of critical care nurses. A phenomenographical approach has been applied to tape-recorded interview data. The results reveal that clinical competence in pain assessment was described in three categories: (a) to be able to see; (b) to be able to differentiate; (c) to be able to give. The observations articulate what nurses perceive that they have learnt from experience in performing many clinical pain assessments and point to some difficulties in using a single-data source for the development of valid and truthful professional knowledge. In the development of professional experience, it is of the utmost importance to be able to change perspective from what is most frequent and general to what is special and unique, to base one's standpoint on the individual patient's experience and integrate this with previous professional experience.
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| 555. |
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| 556. |
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| 557. |
- Skowroneck, Tilman, 1959
(författare)
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The keyboard instruments of the young Beethoven
- 2000
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Ingår i: Beethoven and his World. - Princeton : Princeton University Press. - 0691070725 ; , s. 151-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter is a chronological overview of the keyboard instruments Beethoven had, or may have had, access to during his formative years.
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| 558. |
- Skrtic, Stanko, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Cortisol decreases hepatocyte growth factor levels in human osteoblast-like cells.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Calcified tissue international. - 0171-967X. ; 66:2, s. 108-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporosis is a well-known side effect of long-term treatment with glucocorticoids. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor is expressed by human osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and mouse osteoblasts also express HGF, indicating that HGF may regulate bone metabolism. Because HGF could be a candidate factor in the local paracrine signaling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone, we decided to study whether human osteoblasts secrete HGF and whether glucocorticoids regulate the expression of HGF. HGF was easily detectable in the culture medium from human osteoblast-like cells (hOB). The HGF protein released into the culture medium was increased with increasing confluency. Hydrocortisone decreased the amount of HGF released into the culture medium from hOB in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal effect at 10(-6) M. Time-course studies revealed that hydrocortisone decreased the amount of HGF released into the culture medium significantly after 16 hours of stimulation (65 +/- 2% of control culture). This effect of hydrocortisone was maximal after 24 hours of stimulation (52 +/- 8% of control culture). In conclusion, HGF is produced by primary cultured hOB cells. Furthermore, the amount of HGF released into the culture medium is decreased by glucocorticoids. The biological significance of this finding remains to be demonstrated.
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| 559. |
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| 560. |
- Sokolova, I. M., et al.
(författare)
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Intraspecific physiological variability of the gastropod Littorina saxatilis related to the vertical shore gradient in the White and North Seas
- 2000
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - 0025-3162. ; 137:2, s. 297-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physiological responses to desiccation and temperature stress as well as behavioural responses to fast and abrupt environmental changes were investigated in high- and low-shore Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) from several populations from the White and North Seas. Variations in evaporation rates, resistance to air exposure and to acute and chronic temperature stress between animals from different shore levels were similar in White and North Sea periwinkles, consistent with the adaptive nature of these variations. High-shore snails were found to be able to conserve body water reserves better, to resist higher temperatures and to survive longer under conditions of combined temperature and desiccation stress than their low-shore counterparts. In a temperature range of 25 to 35 degrees C, the rate of evaporative water loss was positively correlated with temperature in low-shore snails while being largely temperature-independent in high-shore snails. Median lethal time during air exposure in L. saxatilis was negatively but not linearly related to the temperature of exposure. In a temperature range of 30 to 38 degrees C, the resistance to heat exposure in air was only slightly dependent on the temperature, with Q(10) = 1.4 for the median lethal time; the heat resistance dropped drastically at temperatures above 38 degrees C, with Q(10) = 593.8. This suggests different mechanisms of temperature resistance in different parts of the studied temperature range. In contrast, behavioural response to extreme salinity fluctuations was not uniform in the high- and low-shore periwinkles from the White and North Seas, which may reflect specific environmental conditions at different shore levels in the two areas studied. Observed physiological and behavioural variations are discussed from the viewpoint of different adaptive strategies employed by eulittoral and eulittoral-fringe animals within populations of a single species.
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