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Sökning: db:Swepub > Uppsala universitet > Annan publikation

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1.
  • Aagaard, Sunniva M.D. 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Homoploid hybridization in Central European Diphasiastrum (Lycopodiaceae).
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Three species of homoploid hybrid origin are commonly recognized among Central European Diphasiastrum, and reticulate evolutionary events have for a long time been acknowledged as an important factor contributing to the species count in the genus. Presented evidence obtained from molecular data has until recently been scarce and inconclusive. Recent studies have, however, documented reticulate phylogenetic patterns involving all putative parental combinations reported from Central Europe. Reciprocal crosses involving the same parental combinations have also been confirmed. In order to further explore these putative reticulate events, admixture analyses using a Bayesian approach as implemented in the program NewHybrids are conducted on an expanded dataset obtained from six Central European populations from where putative hybrid taxa are reported. A majority of the accessions included in the analyses were inferred to represent pure bred D. alpinum, D. complanatum, D. tristachyum, F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids or backcrosses with one of the parent species. Accessions displaying ambiguous classification were found in both allopatric parent populations as well as in Central European hybrid populations. Presented results indicate the presence of frequently occurring hybrid zones with first and second generation hybrids as well as backcrosses.
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  • Aagaard, Sunniva M.D. 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Reticulate phylogenetic patterns in diploid European Diphasiastrum (Lycopodiaceae).
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In Central Europe, three species belonging to Diphasiastrum are considered to be of homoploid hybrid origin. Diphasiastrum issleri is suggested to have originated from a cross between D. alpinum and D. complanatum, D. oellgaardii from D. alpinum and D. tristachyum, and D. zeilleri from D. complanatum and D. tristachyum. Variation at three nuclear regions and two chloroplast microsatellites verify the presence of all three putative parental combinations in Europe. Data obtained with Feulgen DNA image densitometry confirms that all specimens displaying such pattern are diploid. Also, two of three parental combinations have probably arisen repeatedly, implied by the occurrence of chloroplast haplotypes associated with different parents. The presented dataset cannot be used as argument for the existence of independent evolutionary entities hybrid origin. This is nonetheless an important first step in order to address the influence of reticulate evolutionary events in European Diphasiastrum. 
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  • Aarnio, Mikko, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of  PET tracers [11C]D-deprenyl, [11C]L-dideuteriumdeprenyl and [18F]FDG for Visualization of Acute Inflammation in a Rat Model of Pain - Preliminary Findings.
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Purpose: Positron emission tomography with the radioligand [11C]D-deprenyl has shown an increased signal at the location of pain in patients with ankle sprains, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic whiplash injury, but the mechanism of this tracer uptake and its exact binding site in inflammation or tissue injury is still unclear. The aim of this study was to further evaluate [11C]D-deprenyl´s usefulness as a marker of acute inflammation.Methods: An animal PET/CT study was performed three days after the induction of a rat model of inflammatory or surgical pain. Fourteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and three tracers [11C]D-deprenyl, [11C]L-dideuterumdeprenyl and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose were used. Results: No [11C]D-deprenyl accumulation was seen in a rat model of musculoskeletal pain. In the rat model of inflammatory pain all three ligands were shown to visualize the inflamed ankle joint with much lower uptake in the control ankle joint. The uptake was largest with [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L- dideuteriumdeprenyl, where approximately 1 % of the injected dose could be found in the affected ankle joint during the first minutes, whereas the uptake of [18F]FDG was approximately 0.5 % of the injected dose. However, the ratio of uptake of the injected ankle joint versus the control ankle joint was much higher for [18F]FDG (around 10 fold increase) than for the two deprenyl enantiomers (2 – 3 fold increase). The uptake pattern of [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L-dideuteriumdeprenyl did not show signs of specific binding or irreversible trapping.Conclusions: Contrary to our expectations, of the three tracers only [18F]FDG may be used as markers of peripheral inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory pain. However, as a high site-specificity is required, [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L-dideyteriumdeprenyl deserve further exploration regarding sensitivity, specificity and uptake mechanisms in human pain syndromes.
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5.
  • Aarnio, Mikko, et al. (författare)
  • Whiplash injuries associated with experienced pain and disability can be visualized with [11C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The understanding of etiological mechanisms of whiplash associated disorder is still inadequate. Objective visualization and quantification of peripheral musculoskeletal injury and possible painful inflammation in whiplash associated disorder would facilitate diagnosis, strengthen patients’ subjective pain reports and aid clinical decisions eventually leading to better treatments. In the current study, we further evaluated the potential to use [11C]D-deprenyl PET/CT to visualize inflammation after whiplash injury. Sixteen patients with whiplash injury grade II were recruited at the emergency department and underwent [11C]D-deprenyl PET/CT in the acute phase and at 6 months after injury. Subjective pain levels, self rated neck disability and active cervical range of motion were recorded at each imaging session. Results showed that the molecular aspects of inflammation and possible tissue injuries after acute whiplash injury could be visualized, objectively quantified and followed over time with [11C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT. An altered [11C]D-deprenyl uptake in the cervical bone structures and facet joints was associated with subjective pain levels and self rated disability during both imaging occasions. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of affected peripheral structures in whiplash injury and strengthens the idea that PET/CT detectable organic lesions in peripheral tissue may be relevant for the development of persistent pain and disability in whiplash injury.Perspective: This article presents a novel way of objectively visualizing possible structural damage and inflammation that cause pain and disability in whiplash injury. This PET method can bring an advance in pain research and eventually would facilitate the clinical management of patients in pain.
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10.
  • Abdalaal, Hind, et al. (författare)
  • Evolvability of orthologous genes
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The divergence of orthologous genes is usually attributed to the slow and steady accumulation of neutral or nearly neutral mutations. It is known that present-day orthologous genes have a common ancestor and still perform the same function with about the same performance. Natural orthologs differ from each other not only in sequence, but also in physical properties such as their tolerance of mutations and their potential to evolve new functions. However, we currently have a poor understanding of how mutations that accumulate during the sequence divergence of orthologous genes affect their evolvability.In this study, we generated a library of laboratory-evolved orthologous genes for studying how mutations and combinations of mutations (deleterious and compensatory mutations) affect evolvability. We simulated what could happen during the divergence of orthologous genes where fixation of a deleterious mutation is followed by a compensatory mutation. We have subjected one of histidine biosynthetic genes hisA from Salmonella enterica to alternating rounds of weak selection (by random mutagenesis through error-prone PCR subsequent screens for partial loss of hisA function) followed by strong purifying selection (another round of random mutagenesis and subsequent selection for restored hisA function).The diverging lineages were tested for their ability to evolve TrpF activity and were compared with the WT hisA using a fluctuation test. Our results confirmed that orthologous enzymes had differing abilities to evolve the new function. The HisA orthologs with restored function had evolved adaptive genotypes with higher TrpF activity. We suggest that these orthologs may have a higher stability, which is known to increase evolutionary potential by increasing the tolerance for the otherwise destabilizing mutations that confer the new function. 
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