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| 2. |
- De Kaminski, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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Studying Norms and Social Change in a Digital Age: Identifying and Understanding a Multidimensional Gap Problem
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social and Legal Norms: Towards a Socio-legal Understanding of Normativity. - 9781409453437 ; , s. 309-330
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fact that the debate concerning copyright in a digital society has been both intense and filled with polemic conflicts ever since the late 1990s makes it clear that it is a most complicated issue to solve, or even grasp. Basically, both the legal and societal discussion and development are explicitly dependent on a greater understanding of the on-going processes surrounding copyright. This presents a well-suited point of departure for research such as the one conducted within the Cybernorms research group – both in terms of providing valuable insights into the field of sociology of law when it comes to understanding how to relate to the framework provided by digitalization in general and the Internet in particular, and in terms of providing more accurate knowledge and toolsets to legislators in related fields.
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| 3. |
- De Kaminsky, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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Studying norms and social change in a digital age : identifying and understanding a multidimensional gap problem
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social and legal norms. - : Ashgate. - 9781409453437 - 9781409453444 ; , s. 309-330
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fact that the debate concerning copyright in a digital society has been both intense and filled with polemic conflicts ever since the late 1990s makes it clear that it is a most complicated issue to solve, or even grasp. Basically, both the legal and societal discussion and development are explicitly dependent on a greater understanding of the on-going processes surrounding copyright. This presents a well-suited point of departure for research such as the one conducted within the Cybernorms research group – both in terms of providing valuable insights into the field of sociology of law when it comes to understanding how to relate to the framework provided by digitalization in general and the Internet in particular, and in terms of providing more accurate knowledge and toolsets to legislators in related fields
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Law, Norms, Piracy and Online Anonymity – Practices of de-identification in the global file sharing community
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing: Special Issue on Digital Piracy. - : Emerald. - 2040-7130. ; 6:4, s. 260-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand online anonymity in the global file-sharing community in the context of social norms and copyright law. The study describes the respondents in terms of use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) or similar services with respect to age, gender, geographical location, as well as analysing the correlation with file-sharing frequencies. Design/methodology/approach This study, to a large extent, collected descriptive data through a web-based survey. This was carried out in collaboration with the BitTorrent tracker The Pirate Bay (TPB), which allowed us to link the survey from the main logo of their site. In 72 hours, we received over 75,000 responses, providing the opportunity to compare use of anonymity services with factors of age, geographical region, file-sharing frequency, etc. Findings Overall, 17.8 per cent of the respondents used a VPN or similar service (free or paid). A core of high-frequency uploaders is more inclined to use VPNs or similar services than the average file sharer. Online anonymity practices in the file-sharing community depend on how legal and social norms correlate (more enforcement means more anonymity). Research limitations/implications The web-based survey was in English and mainly attracted visitors on The Pirate Bay’s web site. This means that it is likely that those who do not have the language skills necessary were excluded from the survey. Practical implications This study adds to the knowledge of online anonymity practices in terms of traceability and identification, and therefore describes some of the conditions for legal enforcement in a digital environment. Social implications This study adds to the knowledge of how the Internet is changing in terms of a polarization between stronger means of legally enforced identification and a growing awareness of how to be more untraceable. Originality/value The scale of the survey, with over 75,000 respondents from most parts of the world, has likely not been seen before on this topic. The descriptive study of anonymity practices in the global file-sharing community is therefore likely unique.
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| 6. |
- Tan, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for software usability & user experience measurement in mobile industry
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mobile industry faces challenges in designing software usability and user experience (UX) measurement instruments. The major difficulties arise due to: 1) diversity of definitions and terminology used for usability and UX aspects and attributes, which lead to inconsistencies, and 2) lack of a taxonomy for these attributes with links to well-defined measures in the literature. In this paper, we present a framework to support mobile industry to overcome these challenges. We first unified the terminology and definitions for usability and UX attributes in the literature. Then, we created taxonomy of attributes and sub-attributes. By using the well-known Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach, we identified a comprehensive set of questions and measures for each attribute that could be used as a basis for developing measurement instruments. The framework was evaluated through a case study conducted in a usability research, development and consultancy company for mobile industry in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Winter, Jeff, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting organisational needs and quality assurance through balancing agile and formal usability testing results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 275-289
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a case study of testing with a usability testing package (UTUM), which is also a tool for quality assurance, developed in cooperation between industry and research. It shows that within the studied company, there is a need to balance agility and formalism when producing and presenting results of usability testing to groups who we have called Designers and Product Owners. We have found that these groups have different needs, which can be placed on opposite sides of a scale, based on the agile manifesto. This becomes a Designer and a Product Owner Manifesto. The test package is seen as a successful hybrid method combining agility with formalism, satisfying organisational needs, and fulfilling the desire to create a closer relation between industry and research.
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| 8. |
- Winter, Jeff, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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SPI success factors within product usability evaluation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 83:11, s. 2059-2072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an experience report where we compare 8 years of experience of product related usability testing and evaluation with principles for software process improvement (SPI). In theory the product and the process views are often seen to be complementary, but studies of industry have demonstrated the opposite. Therefore, more empirical studies are needed to understand and improve the present situation. We find areas of close agreement as well as areas where our work illuminates new characteristics. It has been identified that successful SPI is dependent upon being successfully combined with a business orientation. Usability and business orientation also have strong connections although this has not been extensively addressed in SPI publications. Reasons for this could be that usability focuses on product metrics whilst today's SPI mainly focuses on process metrics. Also because today's SPI is dominated by striving towards a standardized, controllable, and predictable software engineering process; whilst successful usability efforts in organisations are more about creating a creative organisational culture advocating a useful product throughout the development and product life cycle. We provide a study and discussion that supports future development when combining usability and product focus with SPI, in particular if these efforts are related to usability process improvement efforts.
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| 9. |
- Winter, Jeff
(författare)
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The Rocky Road : Why Usability Work is so Difficult
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Achieving product and process quality are among the central themes of software engineering, and quality is an important factor in the marketplace. Usability and user experience (UX) are two important aspects of quality, particularly for interactive products. To achieve usability means producing products that let users do things in a satisfactory, efficient and effective way. To develop products with good UX, means going beyond usability, in ways that are still not clear to us. Achieving good usability and UX is hard. This thesis is concerned with organizations which work towards these goals. This research is concerned with understanding and improving the processes by which technology is designed and developed, and understanding the demands and expectations users have. It is about how companies can and actually develop products with good usability and UX, and what stops them from working towards this as efficiently as they could. We have viewed the usability and UX challenge from the viewpoints of Quality, Organizations, and Institutions, with a focus on participatory design, user-centred design and wicked problems. The research can be characterised as empirical research performed over a period of seven years, in close cooperation with industrial partners. The research was performed using multiple data collection methods to create constructs and shape theory. The field methods have ranged from being a participant observer, to performing interviews and holding workshops with members of the participating organisations. A case study approach was initially used, but focus soon moved from case study methodology to a closer focus on grounded theory, and finally the focus shifted to constructivist grounded theory. The thesis contributes to the field of software engineering in several ways. Usability has a long history within software engineering, human computer interaction, and design science, but the different discourses within the fields have meant that communication between the fields was problematic. The research in this thesis has moved between the different fields, contributing to bridging the gap between the areas. It gives an illustration of how usability work actually takes place in different types of companies, from a developer of operating systems for smartphones, to a global engineering company, which knows that it must find ways of working with, and measuring, usability and user experience. It gives concrete knowledge about the way in which companies can work with usability testing, and how they can provide information to satisfy the information needs of different stakeholders. It provides a discussion of the state of UX today, taking up the problems that stop industry making use of the definitions and theories of UX that exist. Thus, it gives an illustration of the different factors in product design, development and sales, from dealing with organizational factors to satisfying user needs, that all make usability work such a rocky road to navigate.
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