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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) ;lar1:(cth)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Chalmers tekniska högskola

  • Resultat 31-40 av 2882
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31.
  • Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Residents' collective strategies of resistance in Global South cities' informal settlements: Space, scale and knowledge
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751. ; 125
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines the strategies of resistance articulated by residents of informal settlements response to urban exclusion. Building upon resistance and urban social movements literature the paper is informed by the case of the Villa Rodrigo Bueno in Buenos Aires, a self-constructed villa miseria, and its residents' stories of resistance to attempts of evictions and upgrading programs. In the paper we show how resistance is mobilized, first through its simultaneous disconnection, due to its remoteness and isolation; and reconnection to local and global supportive networks. While disconnection facilitated self-construction, densification and the blooming of informal entrepreneurship; reconnection through relational and multiscalar sites enabled unexpected encounters with distant actors that contributed to resist evictions. Second, the long-term learning and development of self-knowledge (i.e. construction, or housing law), embedded in the remoteness of the informal settlement, contributed to shift expertise from city officers to residents; redefining the role of informal residents into active citizens and experts in policy making, and turning informal settlements into settings of wider social change.
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32.
  • Hedeler, Barbara, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Policy mixes and policy feedback: Implications for green industrial growth in the Swedish biofuels industry
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 173
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, innovation systems scholars have advanced the understanding of the evolution of industries around renewable energy technologies as well as the role of policy feedback (and indeed politics) surrounding the development of domestic green industrial development policies. To take a step towards combining these literature streams, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of policy mixes and policy feedback in the emergence of domestic green industries. This is achieved in the empirical case of biofuels in Sweden, and the findings show that policy feedback dynamics created difficulties in aligning the national policy mix with the technology and industrial developments in the country. The resulting political uncertainty predominantly hampered the scaling up of domestic production capacity, while R&D and import of biofuels instead could grow strong. Based on this empirical case, a process model is developed to explain the role of policy feedback in the development of domestic industries, thus demonstrating how the growth of domestic industries is driven by the interplay of policy effects and various feedback processes. The findings suggest that future research into the role of policies in “green” domestic industry growth should devote more attention to the dynamics driving the co-evolution of policy, technology and industry structures.
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33.
  • Ulutagay, Gozde, et al. (författare)
  • ANFIS Modeling for Forecasting Oil Consumption of Turkey
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing. - 1542-3980. ; 26:6, s. 609-624
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, the interrelationship between oil consumption and economic growth is examined via ANFIS modeling that is used to obtain long term forecasting results for oil consumption of Turkey through predetermined inputs, which are specified as population, gross domestic product (GDP), import and export. The data samples from 1965 to 2000 are conducted for developing the ANFIS model indicating the relationship between the oil consumption and the four inputs. Triangular types of membership functions are defined as low, medium and high for each input parameter in the ANFIS prediction system. Afterwards, oil consumption of Turkey is predicted from 2012 to 2030 using double exponential forecasting technique. Hence, this study can act as a guideline for long term forecasting of future oil consump-tion of any other country.
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34.
  • Bastos Lima, Mairon G., et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale collective action to avoid an Amazon tipping point - key actors and interventions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-0490. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The destruction of the Amazon is a major global environmental issue, not only because of greenhouse gas emissions or direct impacts on biodiversity and livelihoods, but also due to the forest's role as a tipping element in the Earth System. With nearly a fifth of the Amazon already lost, there are already signs of an imminent forest dieback process that risks transforming much of the rainforest into a drier ecosystem, with climatic implications across the globe. There is a large body of literature on the underlying drivers of Amazon deforestation. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the behavioral and institutional microfoundations of change. Fundamental issues concerning cooperation, as well as the mechanisms facilitating or hampering such actions, can play a much more central role in attempts to unravel and address Amazon deforestation. We thus present the issue of preventing the Amazon biome from crossing a biophysical tipping point as a large-scale collective action problem. Drawing from collective action theory, we apply a novel analytical framework on Amazon conservation, identifying six variables that synthesize relevant collective action stressors and facilitators: information, accountability, harmony of interests, horizontal trust, knowledge about consequences, and sense of responsibility. Drawing upon literature and data, we assess Amazon deforestation and conservation through our heuristic lens, showing that while growing transparency has made information availability a collective action facilitator, lack of accountability, distrust among actors, and little sense of responsibility for halting deforestation remain key stressors. We finalize by discussing interventions that can help break the gridlock.
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35.
  • Kristiansson, Erik, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Does the scientific knowledge reflect the chemical diversity of environmental pollution? – A twenty-year perspective
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6416 .- 1462-9011. ; 126, s. 90-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental policymaking relies heavily on the knowledge of the toxicological properties of chemical pollutants. The ecotoxicological research community is an important contributor to this knowledge, which together with data from standardized tests supports policy-makers in taking the decisions required to reach an appropriate level of protection of the environment. The chemosphere is, however, massive and contains thousands of chemicals that can constitute a risk if present in the environment at sufficiently high concentrations. The scientific ecotoxicological knowledge is growing but it is not clear to what extent the research community manages to cover the large chemical diversity of environmental pollution. In this study, we aimed to provide an overview of the scientific knowledge generated within the field of ecotoxicology during the last twenty years. By using text mining of over 130,000 scientific papers we established time-trends describing the yearly publication frequency of over 3500 chemicals. Our results show that ecotoxicological research is highly focused and that as few as 65 chemicals corresponded to half of all occurrences in the scientific literature. We, furthermore, demonstrate that the last decades have seen substantial changes in research direction, where the interest in pharmaceuticals has grown while the interest in biocides has declined. Several individual chemicals showed an especially rapid increase (e.g. ciprofloxacin, diclofenac) or decrease (e.g. lindane and atrazine) in occurrence in the literature. We also show that university- and corporate-based research exhibit distinct publication patterns and that for some chemicals the scientific knowledge is dominated by publications associated with the industry. This study paints a unique picture and provides quantitative estimates of the scientific knowledge of environmental chemical pollution generated during the last two decades. We conclude that there is a large number of chemicals with little, or no, scientific knowledge and that a continued expansion of the field of ecotoxicology will be necessary to catch up with the constantly increasing diversity of chemicals used within the society.
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36.
  • Daoud, Adel, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Using Satellite Images and Deep Learning to Measure Health and Living Standards in India
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : SPRINGER. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 167:1-3, s. 475-505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using deep learning with satellite images enhances our understanding of human development at a granular spatial and temporal level. Most studies have focused on Africa and on a narrow set of asset-based indicators. This article leverages georeferenced village-level census data from across 40% of the population of India to train deep models that predicts 16 indicators of human well-being from Landsat 7 imagery. Based on the principles of transfer learning, the census-based model is used as a feature extractor to train another model that predicts an even larger set of developmental variables—over 90 variables—included in two rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The census-based-feature-extractor model outperforms the current standard in the literature for most of these NFHS variables. Overall, the results show that combining satellite data with Indian Census data unlocks rich information for training deep models that track human development at an unprecedented geographical and temporal resolution.
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37.
  • Geissinger, Andrea, et al. (författare)
  • Digital Disruption beyond Uber and Airbnb – tracking the long tail of the sharing economy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The sharing economy can be regarded as a discontinuous innovation that creates increased abundance throughout society. Extant literature on the sharing economy has been predominantly concerned with Uber and Airbnb. As little is known about where the sharing economy is gaining momentum beyond transportation and accommodation, the purpose of this paper is to map in what sectors of the economy it is perceived to gain traction. Drawing on data from social and traditional media in Sweden, we identify a long tail of 17 sectors and 47 subsectors in which a total of 165 unique sharing-economy actors operate, including sectors such as on-demand services, fashion and clothing, and food delivery. Our findings therefore point at the expanding scope of the sharing economy and relatedly, we derive a set of implications for firms.
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38.
  • Lagrosen, Yvonne, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Kvalitetsutveckling i sjukvården
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: HEL. - Göteborg : Sahlgrenska akademin vid Göteborgs universitet. - 9197613606 ; , s. 112-121
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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39.
  • Kotze, Shelley, 1986, et al. (författare)
  • North–South research collaborations: An empirical evaluation against principles of transboundary research
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Development Policy Review. - : Wiley. - 0950-6764 .- 1467-7679. ; 40:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Motivation: Transboundary research collaborations (TRCs) are critical in supporting evidence-based actions to address complex global issues, yet there remains a lack of empirical knowledge that would detail how TRCs are organized, how activities are facilitated, and how actors interact. Purpose: We address this knowledge gap by evaluating a North–South TRC against the 11 principles for TRCs defined by the Commission for Research Partnerships with Developing Countries (KFPE). Methods and approach: Using personal accounts, content analysis, and semi-structured interviews/surveys, our evaluation casts light on how the process of running a TRC in the 21st century is enacted from the perspective of the individual. Findings: Our results and discussion provide the basis for a more probing and systematic case for and against contemporary TRCs, their underlying value structures and ways of working, as well as the dimensions that are lacking. Policy implications: Evaluation of TRCs must include the experience of all the actors involved in the TRC and not only the outcomes they produce; transdisciplinarity cannot be viewed as the only way to solve general development issues, but must be carefully considered in order not to mask underlying issues of inequality and poor ethics; and the ring-fencing of funding for a specific purpose or TRC does not negate the need to scrutinize the activities that are undertaken in the name of the TRC.
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40.
  • Habtay, Solomon R., et al. (författare)
  • Incumbents’ responses to disruptive business model innovation: the moderating role of technology vs. market-driven innovation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-5098 .- 1368-275X. ; 18:4, s. 289-309
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Current research argues that incumbents should respond to disruptive innovation by setting up a separate business unit. This recommendation stems from research predominantly carried out on disruptive technologies in high-tech industries but whether incumbents respond differently to other types of disruptive business model innovations and whether the type of response leads to a difference in performance have not been empirically analysed. By collecting data from 88 strategic business units (SBUs) and dividing the sample into incumbents responding to disruptive technology against those responding to disruptive market-driven innovations, the study shows that the latter type of firms can succeed in managing both disruptive and sustaining innovations without setting up structurally separated business units. We discuss the implications of our results and highlight areas for further research.
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