| 42001. |
- Kornrich, Sabino, et al.
(author)
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Family Life in Context : Men and Women’s Perceptions of Fairness and Satisfaction Across Thirty Countries
- 2016
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In: Social Politics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1072-4745 .- 1468-2893. ; 23:1, s. 40-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Existing scholarship contends that satisfaction with family life is relative: that what individuals expect out of their marriages in terms of housework and possibly more generally depends on what is typical in that country. These expectations are derived from a relative deprivation framework, which claims that individuals engage in social comparison with similar others and experience dissatisfaction or other forms of psychological distress if these comparisons indicate that they are relatively worse off. In this article, we extend existing research on women’s satisfaction with family life by asking two primary questions. First, can research which suggests that relative deprivation structures women’s perceptions of fairness in and satisfaction with family life be extended to understand men’s experiences? Second, what other individual-level features and country policies interact to influence satisfaction with family life? To answer these questions, we rely on individual-level data (N=14,351) from the International Social Survey Programme (2002) and country-level data (N=30) from the OECD Family Database, the World Economic Forum, and other sources. Using multilevel models, we find that relative deprivation does not explain men’s experiences, suggesting the importance of the salience of egalitarian norms rather than relative deprivation for men and possibly for women. In addition, we find other significant individual- and country-level variables, broadening understandings of satisfaction with family life across a variety of institutional contexts.
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| 42002. |
- Koro, Eleonor, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging to detect cholesteatoma in clinical healthcare
- 2024
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 144:3, s. 193-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Non-Echo-Planar Diffusion Weighed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (non-EPI DW MRI) plays a role in the planning of cholesteatoma surgery.Objectives: To outline the usage of Non-EPI DW MRI in cholesteatoma diagnostics and to determine its accuracy, using otosurgery diagnostics as reference standard. Material andMethods: A retrospective descriptive study. All subjects operated, with suspicion of cholesteatoma as indication, that had a preceding examination with non-EPI DW MRI, between October 2010 and March 2019. Calculating sensitivity, specificity, predicative values, and likelihood ratios, using non-EPI DW MRI as index test and diagnosis from otosurgery as reference standard.Results: Fifty-two subject episodes were included. Non-EPI DW MRI had a sensitivity of 0.50, specificity of 0.75, positive and negative predictive values of 0.74 and 0.52 and, positive and negative likelihood ratios of 2.0 and 0.67 respectively.Conclusions and Significance: There is a clear annual trend with increased numbers of executed examinations during the study period. The diagnostic accuracy of non-EPI DW MRI does not reach acceptable levels in the existing everyday routine practice conditions. The accuracy of the examination increases when interpreted by an experienced radiologist and when using the definition of cholesteatoma recommended by EAONO/JOS.
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| 42003. |
- Koro, Eleonor, et al.
(author)
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Long-term follow-up in active transcutaneous bone conduction implants
- 2024
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In: Otology and Neurotology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 45:1, s. 58-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes of active transcutaneous bone conduction implants (atBCIs) regarding safety, hearing, and quality of life.Study design: A clinical study with retrospective medical record analysis combined with prospective audiometry and quality of life questionnaires.Setting: Three secondary to tertiary care hospitals.Patients: All subjects operated with an atBCI in three regions in Sweden were asked for informed consent. Indications for atBCI were single-sided deafness (SSD) and conductive or mixed hearing loss (CMHL).Intervention: Evaluation of atBCI.Main Outcome Measures: Pure tone and speech audiometry and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI).Result: Thirty-three subjects were included and 29 completed all parts. The total follow-up time was 124.1 subject-years. Nineteen subjects had CMHL and in this group, pure tone averages (PTA4) were 56.6 dB HL unaided and 29.6 dB HL aided, comparable with a functional gain of 26.0 dB. Effective gain (EG) was −12.7 dB. With bilateral hearing, Word Recognition Scores (WRS) in noise were 36.5% unaided and 59.1% aided. Fourteen subjects had SSD or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) and in this group, PTA4 were >100 dB HL unaided and 32.1 dB HL aided with the contralateral ear blocked. EG was −9.1 dB. With bilateral hearing, WRSs were 53.2% unaided and 67.9% aided. The means of the total GBI scores were 31.7 for CMHL and 23.6 for SSD/AHL.Conclusion: Few complications occurred during the study. The atBCI is concluded to provide a safe and effective long-term hearing rehabilitation.
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| 42004. |
- Koro, Eleonor, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes after Application of Active Bone Conducting Implants
- 2019
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In: Audiology & neuro-otology. - : S. Karger. - 1420-3030 .- 1421-9700. ; 24:4, s. 197-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A bone conducting implant is a treatment option for individuals with conductive or mixed hearing loss (CHL, MHL) who do not tolerate regular hearing aids, and for individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD). An active bone conducting implant (ABCI) was introduced in 2012 with indication in CHL, MHL, and SSD, and it is still the only ABCI available. With complete implantation of the active transducer and consequent intact skin, a decrease in infections, skin overgrowth, and implant losses, all common disadvantages with earlier passive bone conducting implants, could be expected. Our Ear, Nose and Throat Department, a secondary care center for otosurgery that covers a population of approximately 365,000 inhabitants, was approved to implant ABCIs in 2012.Objectives: Our aim was to conduct an evaluation of audiological and subjective outcomes after ABCIs.Method: A cohort study with retrospective and prospective data collection was performed.The first 20 consecutive patients operated with an ABCI were asked for informed consent. The main outcome measures werepure tone and speech audiometry and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI).Results: Seventeen patients accepted to participate and 15 were able to complete all parts. Six patients had CHL or MHL. In this group the pure tone audiometry tests are comparable with an average functional hearing gain of 29.8 dB HL. With bilateral hearing, the mean Word Recognition Score (WRS) in noise was 35.7% unaided and 62.7% aided. Ten patients had the indication SSD. With the hearing ear blocked, the pure tone average was >101 dB HL, compared to 29.3 dB HL in sound field aided. With bilateral hearing, the mean WRS in noise was 59.7% unaided and 72.8% aided. The mean of the total GBI score was 42.1 in the group with CHL or MHL and 20.6 in the group with SSD.Conclusions: The patients benefit from their implants in terms of quality of life, and there is a substantial hearing gain from the implant for patients with conductive or MHL. Patients with SSD benefit less from the implant than other diagnoses but the positive outcomes are comparable to other options for this group.
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| 42005. |
- Korobov, Mikhail V., et al.
(author)
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Sorption of polar organic solvents and water by graphite oxide : thermodynamic approach
- 2016
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In: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 102, s. 297-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sorption of polar organic solvents CH3OH, C4H8O (THF), CH3CN, C3H7NO (DMF), C2H6OS (DMSO), C5H9NO (NMP) and water was quantitatively evaluated for Hummers (H-GO) and Brodie (B-GO) graphite oxides at T = 298K and at melting temperature (Tm) of the solvents. H-GO showed stronger sorption compared to B-GO for all studied solvents and the increase of sorption upon lowering temperature was observed for both H-GO and B-GO. Thermodynamic equations allowed to explain earlier reported "maximums" of swelling/sorption in the binary systems H-GO – solvent at Tm. The specific relation between the values of enthalpies of sorption and melting leads to the change of sign in enthalpies of sorption at Tm and causes maximal swelling/sorption. The same thermodynamic explanation was given for the "maximum" on the swelling vs. pressure dependence in B-GO and H-GO – H2O systems earlier reported at pressure of phase transition "liquid water-ice VI". Notably higher sorption of H2O was observed for H-GO compared to H-GO membrane (H-GOm) at high relative humidity (RH), RH > 0.75. Experimental sorption isotherm of H-GOm was used to simulate permeation rates of water through H-GOm and to estimate effective diffusion coefficient of water through the membrane.
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| 42006. |
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| 42007. |
- Koroidov, Sergey, et al.
(author)
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First turnover analysis of water-oxidation catalyzed by Co-oxide nanoparticles
- 2015
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In: Energy & Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 8:8, s. 2492-2503
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Co-oxides are promising water oxidation catalysts for artificial photosynthesis devices. Presently, several different proposals exist for how they catalyze O2 formation from water. Knowledge about this process at molecular detail will be required for their further improvement. Here we present time-resolved 18O-labelling isotope-ratio membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) experiments to study the mechanism of water oxidation in Co/methylenediphosphonate (Co/M2P) oxide nanoparticles using [Ru(bpy)3]3+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as chemical oxidant. We show that 16O–Co/M2P-oxide nanoparticles produce 16O2 during their first turnover after simultaneous addition of H218O and [Ru(bpy)3]3+, while sequential addition with a delay of 3 s yields oxygen reflecting bulk water 18O-enrichment. This result is interpreted to show that the O–O bond formation in Co/M2P-oxide nanoparticles occurs via intramolecular oxygen coupling between two terminal Co–OHn ligands that are readily exchangeable with bulk water in the resting state of the catalyst. Importantly, our data allow the determination of the number of catalytic sites within this amorphous nanoparticular material, to calculate the TOF per catalytic site and to derive the number of holes needed for the production of the first O2 molecule per catalytic site. We propose that the mechanism of O–O bond formation during bulk catalysis in amorphous Co-oxides may differ from that taking place at the surface of crystalline materials.
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| 42008. |
- Koroidov, Sergey, et al.
(author)
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Mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by Co/M2P-oxides studied by isotope-ratio membrane inlet mass spectrometry
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Co-oxides are promising water oxidation catalysts for artificial photosynthesis devices. Their catalytic mechanism was studied previously both experimentally and theoretically, but there is presently no agreement whether the O-O bond formation occurs via nucleophilic attack or by direct coupling, and whether or not bridging oxygens participate as substrate during O-O bondformation. Here we present time-resolved 18O-labelling isotope-ratio membrane-inlet massspectrometry experiments employing the previously introduced Co/methylenediphosphonate (Co/M2P) system in combination with [Ru(bpy)3]3+ (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) as chemical oxidant. Our data demonstrate that for Co/M2P-oxide O-O bond formation occurs between two pre-bound, fast exchanging oxygen species, i.e. likely via direct coupling between two terminal water-derived oxygen ligands. Detailed modeling of the dependence of the O2-isotope ratios on the [Ru(bpy)3]3+ concentration revealed that in the Co/M2P-oxidenanoparticles almost all Co ions are catalytically active (2.35 Co per catalytic site) and that, starting from a ‘resting state‘, 3.5 electrons need to be removed from each catalytic site for thefirst O2 formation. Since it was previously demonstrated that in the resting state most Co ions are in the oxidation state Co(III), we conclude that the coupling mechanism involves at least one Co(IV)-O• radical.
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| 42009. |
- Koroidov, Sergey, et al.
(author)
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Mobile hydrogen carbonate acts as proton acceptor in photosynthetic water oxidation
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 11:17, s. 6299-6304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cyanobacteria, algae and plants oxidize water to the O2 we breathe, and consume CO2 during the synthesis of biomass. Although these vital processes are functionally and structurally well separated in photosynthetic organisms, there is a long-debated role for CO2/HCO3− in water oxidation. Using membrane-inlet mass spectrometry we demonstrate that HCO3− acts as a mobile proton acceptor that helps to transport the protons produced inside of photosystem II by water-oxidation out into the chloroplast's lumen, resulting in a light-driven production of O2 and CO2. Depletion of HCO3− from the media leads, in the absence of added buffers, to a reversible down-regulation of O2 production by about 20%. These findings add a previously unidentified component to the regulatory network of oxygenic photosynthesis, and conclude the more than 50-y-long quest for the function of CO2/ HCO3− in photosynthetic water oxidation.
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| 42010. |
- Koroidov, Sergey, 1982-
(author)
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Water splitting in natural and artificial photosynthetic systems
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Photosynthesis is the unique biological process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, for example sugars, using the energy of sunlight. Thereby solar energy is converted into chemical energy. Nearly all life depends on this reaction, either directly, or indirectly as the ultimate source of their food. Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. This process created the present level of oxygen in the atmosphere, which allowed the formation of higher life, since respiration allows extracting up to 15-times more energy from organic matter than anaerobic fermentation. Oxygenic photosynthesis uses as substrate for the ubiquitous water. The light-induced oxidation of water to molecular oxygen (O2), catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 cluster associated with the photosystem II (PS II) complex, is thus one of the most important and wide spread chemical processes occurring in the biosphere. Understanding the mechanism of water-oxidation by the Mn4CaO5 cluster is one of today’s great challenges in science. It is believed that one can extract basic principles of catalyst design from the natural system that than can be applied to artificial systems. Such systems can be used in the future for the generation of fuel from sunlight.In this thesis the light-induced production of molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) by PSII was observed by membrane-inlet mass spectrometry. By analyzing this observation is shown that CO2 not only is the substrate in photosynthesis for the production of sugars, but that it also regulates the efficiency of the initial steps of the electron transport chain of oxygenic photosynthesis by acting, in form of HCO3-, as acceptor for protons produced during water-splitting. This finding concludes the 50-years old search for the function of CO2/HCO3− in photosynthetic water oxidation.For understanding the mechanism of water oxidation it is crucial to resolve the structures of all oxidation states, including transient once, of the Mn4CaO5 cluster. With this application in mind a new illumination setup was developed and characterized that allowed to bring the Mn4CaO5 cluster of PSII microcrystals into known oxidation states while they flow through a narrow capillary. The optimized illumination conditions were employed at the X-ray free electron laser at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to obtain simultaneous x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at room temperature. This two methods probe the overall protein structure and the electronic structure of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, respectively. Data are presented from both the dark state (S1) and the first illuminated state (S2) of PS II. This approach opens new directions for studying structural changes during the catalytic cycle of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, and for resolving the mechanism of O-O bond formation.In two other projects the mechanism of molecular oxygen formation by artificial water oxidation catalysts containing inexpensive and abundant elements were studied. Oxygen evolution catalyzed by calcium manganese and manganese only oxides was studied in 18O-enriched water. It was concluded that molecular oxygen is formed by entirely different pathways depending on what chemical oxidant was used. Only strong non-oxygen donating oxidants were found to support ‘true’ water-oxidation. For cobalt oxides a study was designed to understand the mechanistic details of how the O-O bond forms. The data demonstrate that O-O bond formation occurs by direct coupling between two terminal water-derived ligands. Moreover, by detailed theoretical modelling of the data the number of cobalt atoms per catalytic site was derived.
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