| 1. |
- Ahmed, Ali
(författare)
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Conditional reciprocity in the investment game
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Social Science Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0362-3319 .- 1873-5355. ; 48:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates whether people are conditional reciprocators in an investment game experiment, in the sense that the more they are trusted, the more they reciprocate. The results show that the majority of participants are conditional reciprocators but that they can be classified into three types: (1) exploitative reciprocators who do not reciprocate and exploit trust; (2) egoistic reciprocators who neither exploit nor reward trust; and (3) generous reciprocators who reward trusting behavior.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit influences of Christian religious representations on dictator and prisoner's dilemma game decisions
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Socio-Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-5357 .- 1879-1239. ; 40:3, s. 242-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how implicit influences of Christian religious representations affect prosociality. We examine the direct impact of religion as an independent variable on prosocial behavior. We do so by priming participants with religious words in a scrambled sentence task before they make a dictator game and a prisoner's dilemma game decision. Priming religious words significantly increased prosocial behavior in both games: participants in the treatment group were more generous and cooperative than participants in the control group. The priming effect was present regardless of participants' self-reported religiosity. Self-reported religiosity was not correlated with generosity or cooperation. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intra-household earnings differentials among homosexual and heterosexual couples
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Industrial Relations. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/London School of Economics. - 0007-1080 .- 1467-8543. ; 49:s2, s. s258-s278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present earnings differentials between homosexuals and heterosexuals. In line with previous research, we find that gay males earn less than heterosexual males, and that lesbians earn more than heterosexual females. However, when combining the individuals into households, our results are strikingly different: very small earnings differentials between gay households and heterosexual households are found. Lesbian households earn considerably less. The largest earnings inequalities between spouses are found among gay males followed by heterosexuals. Studying sexual orientation and earnings is complex, and household earnings have to be taken into consideration when conclusions are drawn.
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| 4. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual orientation and occupational rank
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economics Bulletin. - 1545-2921. ; 31:3, s. 2422-2433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of differences in occupational rank between gay and heterosexual males as well as between lesbian and heterosexual females. We estimate different specifications of an ordered probit model on register data from Sweden. Our data consist of married heterosexual men and women and homosexual men and women living in civil unions. We find that homosexual men have a lower probability of working in a profession demanding a longer university education or a management profession than heterosexual men. In contrast, we find that homosexual women are more likely than heterosexual women to work in such professions.
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of subtle religious representations on cooperation
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Economics. - : Emerald. - 0306-8293 .- 1758-6712. ; 38:11, s. 900-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate how subtle religious representations affect prosocial behavior. The authors study the impact of religious representations on prosocial behavior in terms of cooperation in a one‐shot/three‐person public goods game.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the scrambled sentence task to prime participants with religious words before they were asked to make a one‐shot/three‐person public goods game decision.FindingsBoth in the raw data and when controlling for factors such as age, gender and religious beliefs, the authors found that priming of religious representations increased cooperation in the experiment, that is, increased contributions to the public good. The authors found no significant interaction effects between priming and self‐reported measures of religiosity, suggesting that the priming effect was present among both self‐reported religious and nonreligious participants. Self‐reported measures of religiosity were not correlated with cooperation in this study.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the growing body of experimental economics literature that has studied self‐reported measures of religiosity alongside behavior in different economic games. This study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of subtle influences of religion on cooperation. Also, in contrast to previous economic literature, the paper examines the direct impact of religion as an independent variable on cooperation.
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| 6. |
- Ahmed, Ali
(författare)
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Women are not always less competitive than men: Evidence from Come Dine with Me
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 18:12, s. 1099-1101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are women less competitive than men? Many experimental and nonexperimental studies have documented gender differences in competitiveness. This article presents the results from a study that examines gender differences in competitiveness in the television show Come Dine with Me. It is a cooking show in which amateur chefs compete against each other for a cash prize. The show provides an unusual opportunity to study gender differences in a high-stakes game environment. The results demonstrate that there are no gender differences in competitiveness.
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| 7. |
- Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing lean and agile health care supply chains
- 2011
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Ingår i: Supply chain management. - : Emerald. - 1359-8546 .- 1758-6852. ; 16:3, s. 176-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The objective of this exploratory paper is to find out what is important to consider when developing a supply chain in health care, what is required in order to establish a supply chain orientation and how lean and agile can be used as process strategies in order to improve supply chain performance. Design/methodology/approach – In order to build an empirical framework for using both lean and agile strategies in health care supply chain management illustrative examples are provided from a Swedish health care setting describing the patient flow and planning processes. Findings – Supply chain management has potential to work well as a philosophy for patient flow in the health care sector. However, it should not only be about the use of the concept of lean in health care, as in fact is the case in practice today. It is rather about organizing for quick response and flexibility in a hybrid strategy through combining lean and agile process strategies. This can only be done if a systems approach is applied together with a strategic orientation, where cooperative efforts by the supply chain members should synchronize and converge operational as well as strategic capabilities into a unified whole. Practical implications – The analysis in the paper underlines the importance of focusing on both agility and leanness combined. Hospitals or health care systems that introduce such an approach, as opposed to only relying on lean strategies, could gain both competitive advantages and improved performance. Originality/value – In health care, even more so than in the manufacturing industry, containment of costs without sacrificing quality is important. This paper applies SCM techniques, tools and concepts that have not been used previously for patient flow in a health care setting, combining lean and agile in one and the same analysis.
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| 8. |
- Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:1, s. 15-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved. A literature search was conducted, and the selection criteria yielded 59 articles derived from diverse applications and methods. Most met the stated research-quality criteria. This review identified how simulation can facilitate decision making and that it may induce learning. Furthermore, simulation offers immediate feedback about proposed changes, allows analysis of scenarios, and promotes communication on building a shared system view and understanding of how a complex system works. However, only 14 of the 59 articles reported on implementation experiences, including how decision making was supported. On the basis of these articles, we proposed steps essential for the success of simulation projects, not just in the computer, but also in clinical reality. We also presented a novel concept combining simulation modeling with the established plan-do-study-act cycle for improvement. Future scientific inquiries concerning implementation, impact, and the value for health care management are needed to realize the full potential of simulation modeling.
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| 9. |
- Bandick, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Employment effects of foreign acquisition
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Review of Economics and Finance. - : Elsevier. - 1059-0560 .- 1873-8036. ; 20:2, s. 211-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the employment effects of. foreign acquisitions in acquired firms in Swedish manufacturing during the 1990s; a period characterized by a dramatic increase in foreign ownership. We find some evidence of positive employment effects in acquired firms and it seems that the employment of skilled labor increases more than that of less-skilled labor. Our results indicate that the positive employment effects are more pronounced in acquired non-MNEs than in Swedish MNEs. Furthermore, we observe shifts in skill intensities toward higher shares of skilled labor in non-MNEs taken over by foreign MNEs, but not in acquired Swedish MNEs.
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| 10. |
- Bandick, Roger, 1974-
(författare)
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Foreign Acquisition, Wages and Productivity
- 2011
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 34:6, s. 931-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of foreign acquisition on wages and total factor productivity (TFP) in the years following a takeover by using unique detailed firm-level data for Sweden for the period 1993–2002. The paper takes particular account of potential endogeneity of the acquisition decision (for example, due to ‘cherry picking’) by implementing an instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation. Moreover, in line with the recent literature on firm heterogeneity and trade, this paper allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the targeted firms were domestic multinational or non-multinationals before the foreign takeover. This paper also allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the acquisition is horizontal or vertical. Our results show that foreign acquisition has no effects on overall, skilled or less-skilled wage growth, either in targeted Swedish MNEs or in targeted Swedish non-MNEs or if the acquisition was motivated by vertical or horizontal motives. However, the results indicate that both targeted Swedish MNEs and non-MNEs have better growth in TFP after vertical foreign acquisition only but no such impact from horizontal foreign acquisition.
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