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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Södertörns högskola

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51.
  • Björk, Mats, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • The amount of light reaching the leaves in seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seagrass meadows, and other submerged vegetated habitats, support a wide range of essential ecological services, but the true extents of these services are in many ways still not quantified. One important tool needed to assess and model many of these services is accurate estimations of the systems´ primary productivity. Such productivity estimations require an understanding of the underwater light field, especially regarding the amount of light that actually reaches the plants' photosynthetic tissue. In this study, we tested a simple practical approach to estimate leaf light exposure, relative to incoming light at the canopy, by attaching light sensitive film at different positions on leaves of Zostera marina, eelgrass, in four seagrass meadows composed of different shoot density and at two different depths. We found that the light reaching the leaves decreased linearly down through the canopy. While the upper parts of the leaves received approximately the same level of light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) as recorded with a PAR meter at the canopy top, the average light that the seagrass leaves were exposed to varied between 40 and 60% of the light on top of the canopy, with an overall average of 48%. We recommend that actual light interception is measured when assessing or modelling light depending processes in submerged vegetation, but if this is not achievable a rough estimation for vegetation similar to Z. marina would be to use a correction factor of 0.5 to compensate for the reduced light due to leaf orientation and internal shading.
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52.
  • Björkman, Lotta, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Normkritiska perspektiv i pedagogisk verksamhet. Förskola, fritidshem och skolan tidigare år
  • 2023
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • De normer som förmedlas i förskola, fritidshem och skola har stor betydelse för barns uppväxtmiljö samt för deras identitets- och kunskapsutveckling. Utgångspunkten i denna bok är att de som arbetar i pedagogisk verksamhet behöver kunskap och färdigheter för att granska och förändra normer som på olika sätt begränsar och exkluderar. Ett normkritiskt perspektiv på och i pedagogiskt arbete kan bidra till en kontinuerlig reflektion som gör medvetenhet och förändring möjlig. Boken tar sig an teoretiska perspektiv på kön, klass, hudfärg, funktionsvariation och sexualitet, erbjuder reflektion kring profession och förhållningssätt samt fördjupar sig i didaktiska utmaningar och möjligheter. Kapitlen ger rikligt med exempel på normkritiskt pedagogiskt arbete och belyser bland annat estetisk verksamhet i skolan, demokratiarbete med skolbiblioteket, representation i förskolan, fritidshemmets didaktiska mellanrum, barns lek och kommunikation mellan kollegor. Boken vänder sig till blivande och verksamma förskollärare och lärare, skolledare och alla som har ett intresse för frågor som berör normer, makt och likvärdiga villkor i barns liv.
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53.
  • Blom, Eva-Lotta, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Continuous but not intermittent noise has a negative impact on mating success in a marine fish with paternal care
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anthropogenic underwater noise is a global pollutant of increasing concern but its impact on reproduction in fish is largely unknown. Hence, a better understanding of its consequences for this important link to fitness is crucial. Working in aquaria, we experimentally tested the impact of broadband noise exposure (added either continuously or intermittently), compared to a control, on the behaviour and reproductive success of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a vocal fish with exclusive paternal care. Compared to the intermittent noise and control treatments, the continuous noise treatment increased latency to female nest inspection and spawning and decreased spawning probability. In contrast, many other female and male pre-spawning behaviours, and female ventilation rate (proxies for stress levels) did not differ among treatments. Therefore, it is likely that female spawning decisions were delayed by a reduced ability to assess male acoustic signals, rather than due to stress per se and that the silent periods in the intermittent noise treatment provided a respite where the females could assess the males. Taken together, we show that noise (of similar frequency range as anthropogenic boat noise) negatively affects reproductive success, particularly under a continuous noise exposure.
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54.
  • Bolin, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Mobile Generations : The Role of Mobile Technology in the Shaping of Swedish Media Generations
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Communication. - 1932-8036. ; :3, s. 108-124
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is often argued that young people are among the first to adopt new mediatechnologies, and that they are especially keen on taking on all new featuresconnected with mobile technology and the Internet. In spite of this oft-repeatedclaim, one could suspect that since computers and mobile phones have become sowidespread among large portions of the populations in the industrialised world, itmight not be technology, per se, that distinguishes the young from the old, butrather the actual ways in which it is used. One approach to discuss this is in termsof media generations. It could be expected that generations that have grown upwith different mediated experiences during their formative years will relate to themobile technology in a variety of ways (cf. Mannheim, 1952 & Volkmer, 2006). Inthis article, three such generations are analysed: the radio/print generation (born inthe 1930s), the TV generation (born in the 1950s), and the mobile technologygeneration (born in the 1980s). Access and usage patterns are researched, and thedegree to which the three generations differ when it comes to their relations tomobile technology is discussed, but also the unifying character of the mobiletelephony usage. Our methodological approach is quantitative, analysing resultsfrom annually conducted postal surveys that are representative for the Swedishpopulation.
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55.
  • Brydsten, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • The Road to Retirement: A Life Course Perspective on Labor Market Trajectories and Retirement Behaviors
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Work Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press. - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While a prolonged working life has been mainly feasible for people with the most advantageous working careers, knowledge about the barriers for those with vulnerable occupational paths is still scarce. This study explores the conditions for prolonged working life from a perspective on labor market trajectories. Drawing from a gendered life course perspective and that (dis)advantageous tends to accumulate over time, we investigate the opportunity structure for the most disadvantaged workers and which characteristics of labor market trajectories can explain the decision to work longer. To this end, a Swedish longitudinal survey and register data from the Panel Survey of Ageing and the Elderly (PSAE) were used, following people across a substantial part of their working life. With sequence analysis, we identified 5 trajectories that represent typical labor market trajectories from mid-life until retirement age. Our findings showed that labor market precarity in mid-life remained a key characteristic until the expected retirement age, showing both early signs of early labor market exit and a precarity trap into a prolonged working life. These findings emphasize the need to identify at-risk groups early in their careers and that mid-life interventions are needed to prevent involuntary labor market exits and to ensure a sustainable working life. In particular, the need to protect older workers with turbulent or precarious labor market trajectories against labor market risks and retirement schemes that could inadvertently contribute to increased social and economic inequality in later life.
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56.
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57.
  • Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Structural requirements for TLR4-mediated LPS signalling: a biological role for LPS modifications
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Microbes Infect. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 5:12, s. 1057-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cells of the mucosal lining are the first to encounter invading bacteria during infection, and as such, they have developed numerous ways of detecting microbial intruders. Recently, we showed that epithelial cells recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the CD14-Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 complex. Here, we identify the substructures of LPS that are recognized by the TLR4 receptor complex. In contrast to lipid A, the O-antigen does not mediate an inflammatory response; rather it interferes with the lipid A recognition. An Escherichia coli strain genetically modified to express penta-acylated lipid A not only showed reduced immunogenicity, but was also found to inhibit pro-inflammatory signalling induced by wild-type E. coli (hexa-acylated lipid A) as well as LPS from other bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Furthermore, penta-acylated LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa acted as an antagonist to hexa-acylated E. coli LPS, as did E. coli, as shown by its inhibitory effect on IL-8 production in stimulated cells. Hypo-acylated lipid A, such as that of P. aeruginosa, is found in several species within the gut microflora as well as in several bacteria causing chronic infections. Thus, our results suggest that the composition of the microflora may be important in modulating pro-inflammatory signalling in epithelial cells under normal as well as pathologic conditions.
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59.
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60.
  • Dahl, Martin, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • First assessment of seagrass carbon accumulation rates in Sweden: A field study from a fjord system at the Skagerrak coast
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PLoS Climate. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3200. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seagrass meadows are globally important blue carbon sinks. In northern cold-temperate regions, eelgrass (Zostera marina) is the dominant seagrass species, and although their sedimentary carbon stocks have been quantified across regions, information regarding the CO2 withdrawal capacity as carbon sinks remains scarce. Here we assessed the carbon (Corg) accumulation rates (CARs) and stocks as well as the organic matter sources in five seagrass meadows in the Gullmar Fjord area on the Swedish Skagerrak coast. We found that the mean (±SD) CAR was 14 ± 3 g Corg m-2 yr-1 over the last ~120–140 years (corresponding to a yearly uptake of 52.4 ± 12.6 g CO2 m-2). The carbon sink capacity is in line with other Z. marina areas but relatively low compared to other seagrass species and regions globally. About half of the sedimentary carbon accumulation (7.1 ± 3.3 g Corg m-2 yr-1) originated from macroalgae biomass, which highlights the importance of non-seagrass derived material for the carbon sink function of seagrass meadows in the area. The Corg stocks were similar among sites when comparing at a standardized depth of 50 cm (4.6–5.9 kg Corg m-2), but showed large variation when assessed for the total extent of the cores (ranging from 0.7 to 20.6 kg Corg m-2 for sediment depths of 11 to at least 149 cm). The low sediment accretion rates (1.18–1.86 mm yr-1) and the relatively thick sediment deposits (with a maximum of >150 cm of sediment depth) suggests that the carbon stocks have likely been accumulated for an extended period of time, and that the documented loss of seagrass meadows in the Swedish Skagerrak region and associated erosion of the sediment could potentially have offset centuries of carbon sequestration.
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