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- Eklöf, Anders, et al.
(author)
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So I Sat Down with My Mother : Connectedness Orientation and Pupils' Independence
- 2009
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In: Education and technology for a better world. - Berlin : Springer. - 3642031145 - 9783642031144 ; , s. 282-291
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Swedish educational policy underlines the importance of independence. In this paper we use socio-cultural theory and Foucault to explain how pupils’ independency is transformed into something else in their work. Our results derive from analyses of filmed sessions and entries in the pupils’ logbooks. Our findings demonstrate that the pupils’ definitions of independence differ from those of the course plan in several aspects: i) the use of certain resources is not considered to show lack of independence, ii) doing things yourself is considered being most independent and iii) to follow instructions, even if this means violating your unique personal thought, is considered a prerequisite for passing/getting good grades and as such a necessary adaption to the school context, sooner than a sign of dependency. Consequently we argue that pupil independency should be regarded as a phenomenon chiseled out within a community of practice rather than a personal capacity.
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- Ekstedt, Mirjam, et al.
(author)
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Disturbed sleep and fatigue in occupational burnout
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 32:2, s. 121-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep with polysomnography and self-ratings and the diurnal pattern of sleepiness and fatigue in a group suffering from severe occupational burnout.METHOD: Twelve white-collar workers on long-term sick leave (>3 months) and 12 healthy controls with high and low scores on the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ) were included. A 1-night polysomnographic recording (after habituation) was carried out at home, and sleepiness and mental fatigue were rated at different times of the day for weekdays and the weekend. Precipitating factors at the time of the illness at work and real life were considered, and different dimensions of occupational fatigue were described. A repeated-measures analysis of variance using two or three within group factors was used to analyze the data.RESULTS: The main polysomnographic findings were more arousals and sleep fragmentation, more wake time and stage-1 sleep, lower sleep efficiency, less slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, and a lower delta power density in non-rapid eye movement sleep in the burnout group. The burnout patients showed pronounced sleepiness and mental fatigue at most times of the day for weekdays without reduction during weekends. The precipitating factor was occupational stress (psychiatric interview), and work stress indicators were increased.CONCLUSIONS: Occupational burnout is characterized by impaired sleep. It is suggested that impaired sleep may play a role in the development of fatigue or exhaustion in burnout.
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- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
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Subjects heterozygous for genetic loss of function of the thiazide-sensitive cotransporter have reduced blood pressure
- 2008
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In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 17:3, s. 413-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gitelmans syndrome (GS) is an inherited recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function mutations of the NaCl cotransporter (NCCT) gene encoding the kidney-expressed NCCT, the pharmacological target of thiazide diuretics. An observational study estimated the prevalence of GS to 19/1 000 000, in Sweden, suggesting that similar to 1% of the population carries one mutant NCCT allele. As the phenotype of GS patients, who always carry two mutant alleles, is indistinguishable from that seen in patients treated with high-dose thiazide diuretics, we aimed at investigating whether subjects carrying one mutated NCCT allele have a phenotype resembling that of treatment with low-dose thiazide diuretics. We screened first-degree relatives of 18 of our patients with an established clinical end genetic diagnosis of GS for NCCT loss of function mutations and identified 35 healthy subjects carrying one mutant allele (GS-heterozygotes). Each GS-heterozygote was assigned a healthy control subject matched for age, BMI and sex. GS-heterozygotes had markedly lower blood pressure (systolic 103.3 +/- 16.4 versus 123.2 +/- 19.4 mmHg; diastolic 62.5 +/- 10.5 versus 73.1 +/- 9.4 mmHg; P < 0.001) than controls. There was no significant difference between the groups either in plasma concentration or urinary excretion rate of electrolytes, however, GS-heterozygotes had higher fasting plasma glucose concentration. Similar to patients being treated with low-dose thiazide diuretics, GS-heterozygotes have markedly lower blood pressure and slightly higher fasting plasma glucose compared with control subjects. Our findings suggest that GS-heterozygotes, the prevalence of which can be estimated to 1%, are partially protected from hypertension through partial genetic loss of function of the NCCT. However, as our study had a case-control design, it is important to underline that any potential effects on population blood pressure and risk of future cardiovascular disease need to be examined in prospective and population-based studies.
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