| 1. |
- Holmberg, Erland, et al.
(author)
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Reaction conditions for the resolution of 2-methylalkanoic acids in esterification and hydrolysis with lipase from Candida cylindracea
- 1991
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In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - 0175-7598. ; 35:5, s. 572-578
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have demonstrated resolution of 2-methylalkanoic acids using lipase from Candida cylindracea as a catalyst. The resolution of 2-methyldecanoic acid was more successful than that of 2-methylbutyric acid both by esterification and hydrolysis. This indicates that the resolution of the acid is dependent on the chain length of the acid moiety. The chain length of the alcohol moiety of the ester affected the resolution of the long-chain acid only. Using esterification, (R)-2-methyldecanoic acid was produced in an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 95% (E = 40). If the enantiomeric ratio is low (E = 3.6), as in the resolution of 2-methylbutyric acid, esterification combined with a high equilibrium conversion could be used to yield the remaining acid in a high e.e. In the hydrolytic reactions, the e.e. and the equilibrium conversion were dependent on the pH and the presence of CaCl2. When octyl 2-methyldecanoate was hydrolysed at pH 8.0 in the presence of CaCl2, the (S)-acid was formed with an e.e. of 80% (E = 9), but when the hydrolysis was carried out at pH 7.5 without CaCl2, a very low e.e. and a low equilibrium conversion were observed. The latter conditions allowed the esterification of 2-methyldecanoic acid with 1-octanol even in aqueous medium.
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| 2. |
- Jemt, Anders, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of methods for whole genome and transcriptome sequencing from nanograms of FFPE samples
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The most widely used method for the preservation of clinical tissue specimens is formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE). Simultaneous analysis of RNA and DNA from samples preserved using this method have long proved problematic, primarily due to lack of material. Here, we describe an attempt to build a complete analysis package for RNA and DNA extracted from single tissue sections. The workflow includes quality control of the extracted material, library preparation and data analysis. We extract DNA with varying integrity from FFPE sections and subject them to whole genome sequencing using two library preparation methods, Illumina TruSeq Nano using the Illumina NeoPrep and Rubicon Genomics ThruPlex. We are able to obtain some usable data, albeit with high duplication rates, demonstrating both the possibilities and challenges of sequencing damaged DNA. Two different approaches to transcriptome sequencing are assessed, the TruSeq RNA Access library preparation kit from Illumina and the SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit - Pico Input from Clonetech. The sequence capture approach of the TruSeq kit is shown to be more robust to low integrity RNA compared to the SMARTer kit. However, the SMARTer kit needs much less starting material and is able to yield data about all transcripts, not just protein coding mRNA.
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Jan-Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Development of methods for risk follow-up and handling of CCF events in PSA applications
- 2010
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In: Proc. of PSAM 10 — International Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management Conference, 7–11 June 2010, Seattle, Washington, USA, IAPSAM — International Association of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management. - : International Association for Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management. - 9781450715560 ; , s. 53-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Risk follow-up aims at analysis of operational events from their risk point of view usingprobabilistic safety assessment (PSA) as the basis. Risk follow-up provides additional insight tooperational experience feedback compared to deterministic event analysis. Even though thisapplication of PSA is internationally widely spread and tried out for more than a decade at manynuclear power plants, there are several problematic issues in the performance of a retrospective riskanalysis as well as in the interpretation of the results.An R&D project sponsored by the Nordic PSA group (NPSAG) has focused on selected issues in thistopic. The main development needs were seen in the handling of CCF and the reference levels forresult presentation. CCF events can be difficult to assess due to possibilities to interpret the eventdifferently. Therefore a sensitivity study with varying assumptions is recommended as a generalapproach. Reference levels for indicators are proposed based on the survey of criteria usedinternationally. The paper summarizes the results.
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| 5. |
- Holmberg, Jan-Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced Bayesian THERP : Lessons learnt from HRA benchmarking
- 2010
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In: Proc. of PSAM 10 — International Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management Conference, 7–11 June 2010, Seattle, Washington, USA, IAPSAM — International Association of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management. - : International Association for Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Managemen. ; , s. 52-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Enhanced Bayesian THERP (Technique for Human Reliability Analysis) method usesas its basis the time-reliability curve introduced in the Swain’s human reliability analysis (HRA)handbook. It differs from the Swain's Handbook via a transparent adjustment of the time-dependenthuman error probabilities by use of five performance shaping factors (PSFs): (1) support fromprocedures, (2) support from training, (3) feedback from process, (4) need for co-ordination andcommunication, (5) mental load, decision burden. In order to better know the characteristics of theEnhanced Bayesian THERP from a more international perspective, the method has been subject toevaluation within the framework of the international “HRA Methods Empirical Study Using SimulatorData”. Without knowledge of the crews’ performances, several HRA analysis teams from differentcountries, using different methods, performed predictive analyses of four scenarios. This paper givesan overview of the method with major findings from the benchmarking. The empirical comparisongives confidence that the time reliability curve is a feasible and cost effective method to estimatehuman error probabilities when the time window is well defined and relatively short. The comparisonof empirical observations with predictions was found as a useful exercise to identify areas ofimprovements in the HRA method.
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| 6. |
- Holmberg, Jan-Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Interdisciplinary expert collaboration method (IECM) for supporting human reliability analysis in fire PSA
- 2005
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In: Proc. of International Topical Meeting on Probabilistic Safety Analysis. San Francisco , CA, 11–15 Sept. 2005. - : American Nuclear Society. ; , s. 1056-1061
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Interdisciplinary Expert Collaboration Method (IECM) has been developed for contributing to the development of risk-informed management of fire situations at nuclear power plants. The IECM provides a systematic practice and shared conceptual tool for the co-operation of experts from different domains, related to the management of fire situations. It is used for improving support for the management, but it can also contribute to the fire risk analysis by improving the realism of the human reliability analysis (HRA). The paper compares the IECM with the recommendations of the NUREG-1792 document (Good Practices for Implementing Human Reliability Analysis). Even though the method does not yet support the quantification of human error probabilities, it can be utilized in HRA in several manners.
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