| 1. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized trial of cold-exposure on energy expenditure and supraclavicular brown adipose tissue volume in humans
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 65:6, s. 926-934
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study if repeated cold-exposure increases metabolic rate and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume in humans when compared with avoiding to freeze. Design. Randomized, open, parallel-group trial. Methods. Healthy non-selected participants were randomized to achieve cold-exposure 1 hour/day, or to avoid any sense of feeling cold, for 6 weeks. Metabolic rate (MR) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and after acute cold-exposure with cold vests and ingestion of cold water. The BAT volumes in the supraclavicular region were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results. Twenty-eight participants were recruited, 12 were allocated to controls and 16 to cold-exposure. Two participants in the cold group dropped out and one was excluded. Both the non-stimulated and the cold-stimulated MR were lowered within the group randomized to avoid cold (MR at room temperature from 1841 +/- 199 kCal/24 h to 1795 +/- 213 kCal/24 h, p = 0.047 cold-activated MR from 1900 +/- 150 kCal/24 h to 1793 +/- 215 kCal/24 h, p = 0.028). There was a trend towards increased MR at room temperature following the intervention in the cold-group (p = 0.052). The difference between MR changes by the interventions between groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008 at room temperature, p = 0.032 after cold-activation). In an on-treatment analysis after exclusion of two participants that reported >= 8 days without cold-exposure, supraclavicular BAT volume had increased in the cold-exposure group (from 0.0175 +/- 0.015 1 to 0.0216 +/- 0.014 1, p = 0.049). Conclusions. We found evidence for plasticity in metabolic rate by avoiding to freeze compared with cold-exposure in a randomized setting in non-selected humans.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust Water Fat Separated Dual-Echo MRI by Phase-Sensitive Reconstruction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 78:3, s. 1208-1216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop and evaluate a robust water-fat separation method for T1-weighted symmetric two-point Dixon data.Methods: A method for water-fat separation by phase unwrapping of the opposite-phase images by phase-sensitive reconstruction (PSR) is introduced. PSR consists of three steps; 1, identification of clusters of tissue voxels; 2, unwrapping of the phase in each cluster by solving Poisson’s equation; 3, find the correct sign of each unwrapped opposite-phase cluster, so that the water-fat images are assigned the correct identities. The robustness was evaluated by counting the number of water-fat swap artifacts in a total of 733 image volumes. The method was also compared to commercial software.Results: In the water-fat separated image volumes, the PSR method failed to unwrap the phase of one cluster and misclassified 10. One swap was observed in areas affected by motion and was constricted to the affected area. Twenty swaps were observed surrounding susceptibility artifacts, none of which spread outside the artifact affected regions. The PSR method had fewer swaps when compared to commercial software.Conclusion: The PSR method can robustly produce water-fat separated whole-body images based on symmetric two-echo spoiled gradient echo images, under both ideal conditions and in the presence of common artifacts.
|
|
