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- Agebratt, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized Study of the Effects of Additional Fruit and Nuts Consumption on Hepatic Fat Content, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Basal Metabolic Rate
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:1, s. e0147149-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFruit has since long been advocated as a healthy source of many nutrients, however, the high content of sugars in fruit might be a concern.ObjectivesTo study effects of an increased fruit intake compared with similar amount of extra calories from nuts in humans.MethodsThirty healthy non-obese participants were randomized to either supplement the diet with fruits or nuts, each at +7 kcal/kg bodyweight/day for two months. Major endpoints were change of hepatic fat content (HFC, by magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), basal metabolic rate (BMR, with indirect calorimetry) and cardiovascular risk markers.ResultsWeight gain was numerically similar in both groups although only statistically significant in the group randomized to nuts (fruit: from 22.15±1.61 kg/m2 to 22.30±1.7 kg/m2, p = 0.24 nuts: from 22.54±2.26 kg/m2 to 22.73±2.28 kg/m2, p = 0.045). On the other hand BMR increased in the nut group only (p = 0.028). Only the nut group reported a net increase of calories (from 2519±721 kcal/day to 2763±595 kcal/day, p = 0.035) according to 3-day food registrations. Despite an almost three-fold reported increased fructose-intake in the fruit group (from 9.1±6.0 gram/day to 25.6±9.6 gram/day, p<0.0001, nuts: from 12.4±5.7 gram/day to 6.5±5.3 gram/day, p = 0.007) there was no change of HFC. The numerical increase in fasting insulin was statistical significant only in the fruit group (from 7.73±3.1 pmol/l to 8.81±2.9 pmol/l, p = 0.018, nuts: from 7.29±2.9 pmol/l to 8.62±3.0 pmol/l, p = 0.14). Levels of vitamin C increased in both groups while α-tocopherol/cholesterol-ratio increased only in the fruit group.ConclusionsAlthough BMR increased in the nut-group only this was not linked with differences in weight gain between groups which potentially could be explained by the lack of reported net caloric increase in the fruit group. In healthy non-obese individuals an increased fruit intake seems safe from cardiovascular risk perspective, including measurement of HFC by MRI.
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| 2. |
- Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of abdominal fat accumulation during hyperalimentation using MRI
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ISMRM Annual Meeting (ISMRM'09), 2009. - Berkeley, CA, USA : International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. ; , s. 206-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an increasing demand for imaging methods that can be used for automatic, accurate and quantitative determination of the amounts of abdominal fat. Such methods are important as they will allow the evaluation of some of the risk factors underlying the ’metabolic syndrome’. The metabolic syndrome is becoming common in large parts of the world, and it appears that a dominant risk factor for developing this syndrome is abdominal obesity. Subjects that are afflicted with the metabolic syndrome are exposed to a high risk for developing a large range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiac failure, and stroke. The aim of this work
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Erlingsson, Styrbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Men develop more intraabdominal obesity and signs of the metabolic syndrome after hyperalimentation than women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 58:7, s. 995-1001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively studied the effects of fast food-based hyperalimentation on insulin sensitivity and components of the metabolic syndrome and analyzed this with respect to sex. Twelve nonobese men and 6 nonobese women (26 +/- 6.6 years old), and an age-matched control group were recruited. Subjects in the intervention group aimed for 5% to 15% weight increase by doubling their regular caloric intake based on at least 2 fast food meals a day while also adopting a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks (andlt;5000 steps a day). Weight of Subjects in the intervention group increased from 67.6 +/- 9.1 to 74.0 +/- 11 kg (P andlt;.001), with no sex difference with regard to this or with respect to changes of total abdominal fat volumes or waist circumferences. Fasting insulin (men: before, 3.8 +/- 1.7 mu U/mL, after, 7.4 +/- 3.1 mu U/mL; P=.004; women: before, 4.9 +/- 2.3 mu U/mL; after, 5.9 +/- 2.8 mu U/mL; P =.17), systolic blood pressure (men: before, 117 +/- 13 mm Hg; after, 127 +/- 9.1 mm Hg; P =.002; women: before, 102 +/- 5.1 mm Hg; after, 98 +/- 5.4 mm Hg; P =.39), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B increased only in the men of the intervention group. The sex differences in the metabolic responses to the intervention were linked to a considerable difference in the fat accumulation pattern; 41.4% +/- 9.2% of the increase of the fat volume in the abdominal region was accumulated intraabdominally in men and 22.7 +/- 6.5% in women (P andlt;.0001). This Study thus showed that women are protected, compared with men, against developing intraabdominal obesity when adopting a standardized obesity-provoking lifestyle. Our findings suggest that it is not different lifestyles and/or behaviors that underlie the fact that men have a higher cardiovascular risk at the same level of percentage of body fat than women.
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| 5. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized trial of cold-exposure on energy expenditure and supraclavicular brown adipose tissue volume in humans
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 65:6, s. 926-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study if repeated cold-exposure increases metabolic rate and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume in humans when compared with avoiding to freeze. Design. Randomized, open, parallel-group trial. Methods. Healthy non-selected participants were randomized to achieve cold-exposure 1 hour/day, or to avoid any sense of feeling cold, for 6 weeks. Metabolic rate (MR) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and after acute cold-exposure with cold vests and ingestion of cold water. The BAT volumes in the supraclavicular region were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results. Twenty-eight participants were recruited, 12 were allocated to controls and 16 to cold-exposure. Two participants in the cold group dropped out and one was excluded. Both the non-stimulated and the cold-stimulated MR were lowered within the group randomized to avoid cold (MR at room temperature from 1841 +/- 199 kCal/24 h to 1795 +/- 213 kCal/24 h, p = 0.047 cold-activated MR from 1900 +/- 150 kCal/24 h to 1793 +/- 215 kCal/24 h, p = 0.028). There was a trend towards increased MR at room temperature following the intervention in the cold-group (p = 0.052). The difference between MR changes by the interventions between groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008 at room temperature, p = 0.032 after cold-activation). In an on-treatment analysis after exclusion of two participants that reported >= 8 days without cold-exposure, supraclavicular BAT volume had increased in the cold-exposure group (from 0.0175 +/- 0.015 1 to 0.0216 +/- 0.014 1, p = 0.049). Conclusions. We found evidence for plasticity in metabolic rate by avoiding to freeze compared with cold-exposure in a randomized setting in non-selected humans.
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| 7. |
- Rydell, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Phase Sensitive Reconstruction for Water/Fat Separation in MR Imaging Using Inverse Gradient
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007. 10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part I. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540757566 - 9783540757573 ; , s. 210-218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel method for phase unwrapping for phase sensitive reconstruction in MR imaging. The unwrapped phase is obtained by integrating the phase gradient by solving a Poisson equation. An efficient solver, which has been made publicly available, is used to solve the equation. The proposed method is demonstrated on a fat quantification MRI task that is a part of a prospective study of fat accumulation. The method is compared to a phase unwrapping method based on region growing. Results indicate that the proposed method provides more robust unwrapping. Unlike region growing methods, the proposed method is also straight-forward to implement in 3D.
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| 9. |
- Åstrand, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Weight gain by hyperalimentation elevates C-reactive protein levels but does not affect circulating levels of adiponectin or resistin in healthy subjects
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - Bristol : BioScientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 163:6, s. 879-885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Increase of resistin and/or reduction of adiponectin have beenimplicated in the development of insulin resistance followingweight gain. We aimed to study this prospectively in humans.Design: Prospective and interventional with parallel control group.Methods: Twelve healthy men and six healthy women (age 26±6.6years) and an age-matched control group were recruited. Subjectsin the intervention group aimed for a bodyweight increase of5–15% by doubling the baseline caloric intake by eatingat least two fast food-based meals a day in combination withadoption of a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks.Results: Bodyweight increased from 67.6±9.1 to 74.0±11kg, P<0.001, by the intervention. Insulin levels increased(before: 27.4±12 pmol/l, after: 53.0±22 pmol/l,P=0.004), while plasma levels of adiponectin (before: 5038±3736ng/ml, after: 6739±7949 ng/ml, P=0.18) and resistin (before:21.8±19 ng/ml, after: 14.4±6.8 ng/ml, P=0.074)remained unchanged by the weight gain and were similar as incontrols. On the other hand, leptin levels increased about threefoldfollowing the intervention (before: 5.7±7.4, after: 16±20ng/ml, P=0.008), and also the inflammatory marker C-reactiveprotein (CRP) increased from 0.34±0.44 to 0.71±0.87mg/l, P=0.03, when two outliers >10 mg/l were disregarded.Conclusions: Hyperalimentation reduces insulin sensitivity when weight gainof 9% was combined with reduction of exercise. However, thelevels of resistin and adiponectin were unaffected by the intervention,while CRP levels increased within this short time period suggestingthat low-grade inflammation can occur early in the process ofdeveloping a metabolic syndrome.
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