| 82091. |
- Knutsson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Opinions of legal professionals: Comparing child and adult witnesses' memory report capabilities
- 2014
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Ingår i: The European Journal of Psychology Applied To Legal Context. - : Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. - 1989-4007 .- 1889-1861. ; 6:2, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The opinions of legal professionals about child and adult witnesses might influence the likelihood that a case is allowed to proceed through the different stages of the legal process. With the aim of knowing the opinions of legal practitioners about child and adult witnesses, 84 legal professionals (Swedish police, prosecutors, and attorneys) were surveyed about their beliefs about child and adult eyewitness memory (and metamemory) abilities. The respondents answered 27 questions relating to nine forensically relevant belief areas in which they compared the memory ability of children (ages 7 to 11 years) and adults. The results showed no differences in assessment among members of different professions and a general trend suggesting that, across the professions, children were believed to be poorer witnesses than adults regarding their memory abilities. Moreover, the professionals' within-group consensus was very low. These results are discussed in the context of eyewitness research findings and with respect to the implications for both legal and research practice. (C) 2014 Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. Production by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.
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| 82092. |
- Knutsson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Legal Professionals' Opinions on Child and Adult Witness Memory-reporting Capabilities: Using the Method of Indirect Comparisons
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080. ; 29:3, s. 392-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal professionals' opinions about the memory abilities of child and adult witnesses are important in the legal process. We surveyed 266 legal professionals (Swedish police, prosecutors, and attorneys) and 33 lay judges about their beliefs about child and adult eyewitnesses' recall and metacognitive abilities. Prior research has usually asked for direct comparisons of children and adults but this may be rare in forensic practice. The respondents completed a story questionnaire (about a 9- or 45-year-old person witnessing an event), allowing indirect, or researcher-made, comparisons. In contrast to previous research (direct comparisons), our participants mostly rated children and adults to be on an equal level, but within-group consensus was low. Also, fairly few differences emerged between the groups' beliefs. Finally, the participants' opinions in our study were less in line with results from eyewitness research, compared with previous research using direct comparisons. Implications for legal and research practice are discussed. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 82093. |
- Knutsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunikation i matematikundervisning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vetenskaplighet i högre utbildning. Erfarenheter från lärarutbildning. Franck, O. (red.). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144130637 ; , s. 179-198
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 82094. |
- Knutsson, Lena
(författare)
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Kompetens att leda matematiksamtal
- 2018
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Ingår i: The eleventh research seminar of the Swedish Society for Research in Mathematics Education (SMDF) Perspectives on professional development of mathematics teachers.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 82095. |
- Knutsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Do people avoid opportunities to donate? A natural field experiment on recycling and charitable giving
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use a natural field experiment to investigate the hypothesis that generosity is partly involuntary, by examining whether individuals tend to avoid opportunities to act generously. In Sweden, new recycling machines for bottles and cans with an option of donating the returned deposit to charity were gradually introduced in one of the largest store chains. We find a substantial decline in recycling the month these new machines were introduced and a further decline in the following months. These results indicate that individuals avoid opportunities to act generously and corroborate findings from both lab and field studies supporting the claim that generous behavior is partly involuntary.
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| 82096. |
- Knutsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in altruism: Evidence from a natural field experiment on matched donations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 176, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports new findings on gender differences in altruism. Conducting a natural field experiment (N = 2,164) we study donation behavior in a naturally occurring environment using a matched donation design. Contrary to previous research, we find that reducing the “price of altruism” by increasing matching efficiency has a significantly stronger effect on females than on males. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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| 82097. |
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| 82098. |
- Knutsson, Mikael, 1974
(författare)
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On Power Estimation and Score Predictions in Affected Sib-Pair Linkage Analysis
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three papers in statistical genetics, with the emphasis on affected sib-pair linkage analysis. In Paper A, a method to derive the power of linkage analysis in genome scans, using a stepwise approach, is presented. A simulation method to generate marker data is described and power functions are obtained combining the marker simulations with calculations of appropriate linkage statistic moments and a multivariate normal approximation. The approach is tested and illustrated in an example regarding multiple sclerosis. Paper B treats the situation when the family reproduction processes are interfered by the births of affected offspring. The emphasis is on negative> interference, i.e. when the birth of an affected offspring reduces the probability of further reproduction, denoted limitation. The effects of limitation, in connection to the estimation of the sibling prevalence and the power of affected sib-pair analysis, are discussed. Some results are also given for the opposite case of positive interference, denoted compensation. In Paper C, a prediction score graph is derived to compensate for incomplete information in linkage analysis. Contrary to the conservative nonparametric linkage (NPL) score, where the calculations are conditional on the null hypothesis of no linkage, the prediction score is derived conditional on an alternative hypothesis, estimated from the existing data. Performing a joint analysis, using both the NPL- and the prediction graph, new potential gene harbouring regions may be identified. Furthermore, regions originally displaying large peaks, despite low information content, can be reanalysed so that the disease loci can be located with an increased accuracy. The value of the prediction score is illustrated in an example regarding the celiac disease. MSC 2000 subject classification: 62P10, 92D10
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| 82099. |
- Knutsson, N., et al.
(författare)
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Immediate injection pain in infants aged 18 months during vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella with either Priorix or MMR-II
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - 0264-410X. ; 24:31-32, s. 5800-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether, the vaccine Priorix causes less immediate injection pain than MMR-II in vaccination of infants aged 18-24 months who were offered vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. The infants were randomised into one of the two vaccine groups (Priorix/MMR-II in a double-blind study. One observer assessed pain, using CHEOPS (Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain scale), and the parent used the Visual Analogue Pain scale (VAS). Pain assessment was made in 295 infants. Mean age was 19.08 months. Mean VAS value was 2.3/5.2 for Priorix and MMR-II, respectively (p<0.001). Mean CHEOPS value was 1.9/6.1 for Priorix and MMR-II, respectively (p<0.001). The study shows that Priorix gives less immediate injection pain than MMR-II.
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| 82100. |
- Knutsson, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A Process-Oriented Sustainable Livelihoods Approach-A Tool For Increased Understanding of Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-2386 .- 1573-1596. ; 28:SUPPL 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) is often proposed to holistically capture vulnerability in assessments of livelihoods in aid and development programs. The full capacity of the approach has however only rarely been used in these assessments, lacking a clear account of processes of change and flexibility of assets, as well as the ability to quantify all capital assets of a livelihood system. The descriptions of livelihoods so far are in fact non-holistic. This paper attempts to use SLA in its full capacity through a quantification of the different capitals covered; natural, physical, economic, social and human. Further, the relationships between capitals are explored in a Chinese rural context of changing climate and land-use, and examples are given on how investments in one capital in reality can end up being accounted for in other capitals. The results indicate that through an analytical and process-oriented SLA, an effective tool for assessment of vulnerability can be developed. Such a tool would assist development organizations and policy-makers to target poverty traps and escape routes in the face of rapid and multiple changes.
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