| 61. |
- Imran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Low complexity FPGA based background subtraction technique for thermal imagery
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450336819 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded smart camera systems are gaining popularity for a number of real world surveillance applications. However, there are still challenges, i.e. variation in illumination, shadows, occlusion, and weather conditions while employing the vision algorithms in outdoor environments. For safety-critical surveillance applications, the visual sensors can be complemented with beyond-visual-range sensors. This in turn requires analysis, development and modification of existing imaging techniques. In this work, a low complexity background modelling and subtraction technique has been proposed for thermal imagery. The proposed technique has been implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) after in-depth analysis of different sets of images, characterizing poor signal-to-noise ratio challenges, e.g. motion of high frequency background objects, temperature variation and camera jitter etc. The proposed technique dynamically updates the background on pixel level and requires a single frame storage as opposed to existing techniques. The comparison of this approach with two other approaches show that this approach performs better in different environmental conditions. The proposed technique has been modelled in Register Transfer Logic (RTL) and implementation on the latest FPGAs shows that the design requires less than 1 percent logics, 47 percent block RAMs, and consumes 91 mW power consumption on Artix-7 100T FPGA.
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| 62. |
- Imran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-processing Architecture for IR-Visual Smart Camera Based on Post-Processing Constraints
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In embedded vision systems, the efficiency of pre-processing architectures have a ripple effect on post-processing functions such as feature extraction, classification and recognition. In this work, we investigated a pre-processing architecture for smart camera system, integrating a thermal and vision sensors, by considering the constraints of post-processing. By utilizing the locality feature of the system, we performed pre-processing on the camera node by using FPGA and post-processing on the client device by using the microprocessor platform, NVIDIA Tegra. The study shows that for outdoor people surveillance applications with complex background and varying lighting conditions, the pre-processing architecture, which transmits thermal binary Region-of-Interest (ROI) images, offers better classification accuracy and smaller complexity as compared to alternative approaches.
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| 63. |
- Imran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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STC-CAM1, IR-visual based smart camera system
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450336819 ; , s. 195-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety-critical applications require robust and real-time surveillance. For such applications, a vision sensor alone can give false positive results because of poor lighting conditions, occlusion, or different weather conditions. In this work, a visual sensor is complemented by an infrared thermal sensor which makes the system more resilient in unfavorable situations. In the proposed camera architecture, initial data intensive tasks are performed locally on the sensor node and then compressed data is transmitted to a client device where remaining vision tasks are performed. The proposed camera architecture is demonstrated as a proof-ofconcept and it offers a generic architecture with better surveillance while only performing low complexity computations on the resource constrained devices.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Jantsch, A, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Six Languages for System Level Descriptions of Telecom Systems
- 2001
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Ingår i: Electronic Chips & Systems Design Languages. - Boston, Mass. : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0792373111 ; , s. 320-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Language evaluation for various purposes is an often repeated exercise in industry and academia. Due to the large number of influencing factors the dependence of the result on implicit or explicit assumptions is not always apparent and clear. Based on a systematic evaluation method with a large number of criteria we compare six languages with respect to the suitability as a system specification and description language for telecom applications. The languages under evaluation are VHDL, C++, SDL, Haskell, Erlang, and ProGram, which represent different paradigms. The evaluation method allows to give specific emphasis on particular aspects in a controlled way, which we use to make separate comparisons for pure software systems, pure hardware systems and mixed HW/SW systems.
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| 66. |
- Jantsch, A, et al.
(författare)
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Conparison of six languages for system level descriptions of telecom systems
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings / FDL'98 / First International Forum on Design Languages. - Lausanne : Swiss Federal Inst. Of techn.. ; , s. 160-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language evaluation for various purposes is an often repeated exercise in industry and academia. Due to the large number of influencing factors the dependence of the result on implicit or explicit assumptions is not always apparent and clear. Based on a systematic evaluation method with a large number of criteria we compare six languages with respect to the suitability as a system specification and description language for telecom applications. The languages under evaluation are VHDL, C++, SDL, Haskell, Erlang, and ProGram, which represent different paradigms. The evaluation method allows to give specific emphasis on particular aspects in a controlled way, which we use to make separate comparisons for pure software systems, pure hardware systems and mixed HW/SW systems.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Khursheed, Khursheed, et al.
(författare)
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Bi-Level Video Codec for Machine Vision Embedded Applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika. - : Kaunas University of Technology (KTU). - 1392-1215. ; 19:8, s. 93-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSN) are feasible today due to the advancement in many fields of electronics such as Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) cameras, low power electronics, distributed computing and radio transceivers. The energy budget in WVSN is limited due to the small form factor of the Visual Sensor Nodes (VSNs) and the wireless nature of the application. The images captured by VSN contain huge amount of data which leads to high communication energy consumptions. Hence there is a need for designing efficient algorithms which are computationally less complex and provide high compression ratio. The change coding and Region of Interest (ROIs) coding are the options for data reduction of the VSN. But, for higher number of objects in the images, the compression efficiency of both the change coding and ROI coding becomes worse than that of image coding. This paper explores the compression efficiency of the Bi-Level Video Codec (BVC) for several representative machine vision applications. We proposed to implement image coding, change coding and ROI coding at the VSN and to select the smallest bit stream among the three. Results show that the compression performance of the BVC for such applications is always better than that of change coding and ROI coding.
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| 69. |
- Khursheed, Khursheed, et al.
(författare)
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Binary video codec for data reduction in wireless visual sensor networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819494290 ; , s. Art. no. 86560L-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSN) is formed by deploying many Visual Sensor Nodes (VSNs) in the field. Typical applications of WVSN include environmental monitoring, health care, industrial process monitoring, stadium/airports monitoring for security reasons and many more. The energy budget in the outdoor applications of WVSN is limited to the batteries and the frequent replacement of batteries is usually not desirable. So the processing as well as the communication energy consumption of the VSN needs to be optimized in such a way that the network remains functional for longer duration. The images captured by VSN contain huge amount of data and require efficient computational resources for processing the images and wide communication bandwidth for the transmission of the results. Image processing algorithms must be designed and developed in such a way that they are computationally less complex and must provide high compression rate. For some applications of WVSN, the captured images can be segmented into bi-level images and hence bi-level image coding methods will efficiently reduce the information amount in these segmented images. But the compression rate of the bi-level image coding methods is limited by the underlined compression algorithm. Hence there is a need for designing other intelligent and efficient algorithms which are computationally less complex and provide better compression rate than that of bi-level image coding methods. Change coding is one such algorithm which is computationally less complex (require only exclusive OR operations) and provide better compression efficiency compared to image coding but it is effective for applications having slight changes between adjacent frames of the video. The detection and coding of the Region of Interest (ROIs) in the change frame efficiently reduce the information amount in the change frame. But, if the number of objects in the change frames is higher than a certain level then the compression efficiency of both the change coding and ROI coding becomes worse than that of image coding. This paper explores the compression efficiency of the Binary Video Codec (BVC) for the data reduction in WVSN. We proposed to implement all the three compression techniques i.e. image coding, change coding and ROI coding at the VSN and then select the smallest bit stream among the results of the three compression techniques. In this way the compression performance of the BVC will never become worse than that of image coding. We concluded that the compression efficiency of BVC is always better than that of change coding and is always better than or equal that of ROI coding and image coding. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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| 70. |
- Khursheed, Khursheed, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting and Coding Region of Interests in Bi-Level Images for Data Reduction in Wireless Visual Sensor Network
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), 2012 IEEE 8th International Conference on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467314299 ; , s. 705-712
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless Visual Sensor Network (WVSN) is formed by deploying many Visual Sensor Nodes (VSNs) in the field. The VSNs acquire images of the area of interest in the field, perform some local processing on these images and transmit the results using an embedded wireless transceiver. The energy consumption on transmitting the results wirelessly is correlated with the information amount that is being transmitted. The images acquired by the VSNs contain huge amount of data due to many kinds of redundancies in the images. Suitable bi-level image compression standards can efficiently reduce the information amount in images and will thus be effective in reducing the communication energy consumption in the WVSN. But compression capability of the bi-level image compression standards is limited to the underline compression algorithm. Further data reduction can be achieved by detecting Region of Interest (ROI) in the bi-level images and then coding these ROIs using bi-level image compression method. We explored the compression performance of the lossless ROI detection and coding method for various kinds of changes such as different shapes, locations and number of objects in the continuous set of frames. The CCITT Group 4, JBIG2 and Gzip are used for coding the detected ROIs. We concluded that CCITT Group 4 is a better choice for coding the ROIs in the Bi-level images because of its comparatively good compression performance and less computational complexity. This paper is intended to be a resource for the researchers interested in reducing the amount of data in the bi-level images for energy constrained WVSNs.
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