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Sökning: swepub > Umeå universitet > (1990-1994) > (1994)

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  • Alafuzoff, I, et al. (författare)
  • A comparison of multiplex and simplex families with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type within a well defined population.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section. - 0936-3076. ; 7:1, s. 61-72
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A study was made on 150 clinically demented patients presenting at autopsy at Umeå University Hospital in Sweden. In 90 of the cases dementia was considered to be primary in nature and of these forty six per cent (41 cases), fulfilled both the clinical and histopathological criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease/Senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT). The families of these 41 AD/SDAT cases were then studied, and a family history obtained through interviews with multiple family informants and from civil and medical records. Additional diseased family members suffering from progressive dementia (multiplex families) were observed in 12 probands out of 41 (29%). Multiplex families exhibited similar clinical and histopathological characteristics as simplex families containing a single affected individual. The secondary cases in the multiplex families exhibited similar demographic and clinical characteristics as the probands. 39% of the multiplex and 14% of the simplex cases had an early age of onset of the disease, that was under 65 years. The overall prevalence of progressive dementia disorders in the 41 families was 5.9%. The prevalence of a progressive dementia disorder was 11% in the multiplex families (14% for the early onset cases) and 3.5% in the simplex families (2% for the early onset cases). The prevalence of progressive dementia disorder for family members who had passed the mean age of the onset of the disease for their family, was 45% for multiplex and 18% for simplex families. Furthermore the incidence rate for dementia was significantly higher (p < 0.005) in multiplex families (5.5 per 1,000 person years) when compared to simplex families (2.5 per 1,000 person years). No differences could be seen in parental age at birth of the diseased when comparing the two sets of families. However in multiplex families the duration of the disease was significantly (p < 0.025) shorter, in subjects with parental age at birth over 35 years compared to those with a parental age under 35 years. The multiplex families contained significantly (p < 0.025) larger sibships; and showed a significantly lower age of onset for the disease (p < 0.001), and a significantly longer duration of disease (p < 0.05) compared to the simplex families. A significant intra familial correlation of age at disease onset was observed in both sets of the families.
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3.
  • Andersson, Britt M., et al. (författare)
  • Thermal conductivity of polycrystalline YBa2Cu4O8
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 49:6, s. 4189-4198
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have measured the thermal conductivity κ and the thermal diffusivity a of a dense bulk ceramic polycrystalline sample of YBa2Cu4O8 (1:2:4) in the temperature range 30–300 K. We find κ≊10 W m-1 K-1 at 100 K, significantly higher than in ceramic YBa2Cu3O7-δ (1:2:3) and approaching the in-plane value for single-crystal 1:2:3, and decreasing to 7.6 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K. The data for this sample can be described by standard theories for phonon thermal conductivity of crystalline materials with boundary, phonon, and electron scattering. The higher κ in 1:2:4 as compared to 1:2:3 is, in this model, due to the smaller point defect scattering in the former. The fitted parameters for the three scattering mechanisms all agree with independent estimates based on simple models; inserting data for electric resistivity, grain size, carrier density, and lattice properties we can predict κ and its T dependence to within about 20%. We also discuss models for the phonon and electron thermal conductivities in some detail, including some second-order effects such as inelastic electron scattering and a T-dependent carrier density.
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4.
  • Bodlund, Owe, et al. (författare)
  • Axis V--Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Evaluation of a self-report version
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Acta Psychiatr Scand. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 90:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study examines a self-report version of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale according to Axis V (GAF self-report). The sample (n = 73) was a psychiatric outpatient population from a catchment area clinic. Patients with psychotic and organic mental disorders were not included. The diagnostic distribution on Axis I was similar to the findings from previous studies. Axis II disorders were identified among 47%, of whom a majority also had a concomitant Axis I disorder. The mean GAF expert score was 66.5 (range: 48-86). High complexity and severity of disorders and a high number of fulfilled Axis II criteria were significantly associated with low GAF scores. Independent expert ratings on GAF were correlated with the GAF self-report overall at r = 0.62, varying from 0.45 to 0.91 between different diagnostic groups. In general, the patients scored themselves lower (mean: -4.4 units) than expert ratings. Patients with depressive symptoms from an adjustment disorder or mood disorder were most prone to underestimation. Women also tended to score themselves lower than experts did. Conclusively, the GAF self-report turned out to be a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument measuring psychological, social and occupational functioning. The GAF is easy to handle, and with a self-report version as a complement, Axis V could be more frequently used in future clinical practice and research.
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5.
  • Eklöv, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • PISCIVORE EFFICIENCY AND REFUGING PREY - THE IMPORTANCE OF PREDATOR SEARCH MODE
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 98:3-4, s. 344-353
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In predator-prey interactions, the efficiency of the predator is dependent on characteristics of both the predator and the prey, as well as the structure of the environment. In a field enclosure experiment, we tested the effects of a prey refuge on predator search mode, predator efficiency and prey behaviour. Replicated enclosures containing young of the year (0+) and 1-year-old (1+) perch were stocked with 3 differentially sized individuals of either of 2 piscivorous species, perch (Perca fluviatilis), pike (Esox lucius), or no piscivorous predators. Each enclosure contained an open predator area with three small vegetation patches, and a vegetated absolute refuge for the prey. We quantified the behaviour of the predators and the prey simultaneously, and at the end of the experiment the growth of the predators and the mortality and habitat use of the prey were estimated. The activity mode of both predator species was stationary. Perch stayed in pairs in the vegetation patches whereas pike remained solitary and occupied the corners of the enclosure. The largest pike individuals stayed closest to the prey refuge whereas the smallest individuals stayed farthest away from the prey refuge, indicating size-dependent interference among pike. Both size classes of prey showed stronger behavioural responses to pike than to perch with respect to refuge use, distance from refuge and distance to the nearest predator. Prey mortality was higher in the presence of pike than in the presence of perch. Predators decreased in body mass in all treatments, and perch showed a relatively stronger decrease in body mass than pike during the experiment. Growth differences of perch and pike, and mortality differences of prey caused by predation, can be explained by predator morphology, predator attack efficiency and social versus interference behaviour of the predators. These considerations suggest that pike are more efficient piscivores around prey refuges such as the littoral zones of lakes, whereas perch have previously been observed to be more efficient in open areas, such as in the pelagic zones of lakes.
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6.
  • Elenius, Lars, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Vettasjärvi - det ekologiska året
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: I människans hand. - Stockholm : Nordiska museets förlag. - 917108360X ; , s. 96-103
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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9.
  • Hultling, C, et al. (författare)
  • Assisted ejaculation combined with in vitro fertilisation : an effective technique treating male infertility due to spinal cord injury.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-1758. ; 32:7, s. 463-467
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Infertility due to spinal cord injury (SCI) in males has been identified for decades as an area of major concern and techniques for assisted ejaculation are available. There has not been an overall consensus regarding which type of assisted procreation is the most appropriate for these couples. We describe here our experience from a programme based on assisted ejaculation combined with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Twelve couples have been treated so far and altogether 22 cycles with ovum pick-up have been completed. Fertilisation of the oocytes was obtained in 18 of these cycles. The overall oocyte fertilisation rate was 49%. Embryo transfer took place in 17 cycles, leading to seven clinical pregnancies. Four of the pregnancies are delivered or are ongoing, whereas three ended in first trimester spontaneous abortion. Thus our initial experience suggests that assisted ejaculation in combination with IVF is an effective option for these couples.
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10.
  • Johansson, Börje, et al. (författare)
  • Affinities and frictions of trade networks
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 28:3, s. 243-261
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper formulates a theoretical framework in which the analysis starts with supplier-customer links of micro type. From this we derive aggregate trade links between nodes in a spatial network. It is shown how affinities and barriers shape and influence the establishment of customer links, and how this forms aggregate patterns of flows. The framework is applied to three types of models for determining trade patterns — random discrete choice, information theory and gravity models. Essentially equivalent solutions are derived.
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