| 1. |
- Andersson, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of food products and production systems
- 1994
-
In: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053 .- 0346-718X. ; 5:5, s. 134-138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the late 1980s the demands for a more ecological life style and sustainability set off intense research for methods to analyse and assess the environmental impact of products and systems. The methodology crystallizing from this research is called life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper presents the concept, methodology, applications and present status of LCA. LCA as applied to food production systems is discussed in terms of needs, special demands on methodology, the studies that have been performed and ongoing activities. © 1994.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ayyala, S, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of corrosion inhibitors on grinding and flotation of a lead-zinc ore
- 1993
-
In: Minerals Engineering. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 6, s. 929-935
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Grinding and flotation experiments on a Pb-Zn ore were carried out to evaluate : 1) wear of the grinding media both in the presence and absence of an inhibitor and 2) effect of the inhibitor on the flotation of Pb-Zn minerals. The percentage reduction in the wear of the grinding media was observed to be between 25-36%, depending on the type of the inhibitor and its critical concentration. The inhibitors used in the investigation were sodium sulphite, sodium nitrite, sodium chromate and sodium silicate. The results indicate that a specific corrosion inhibitor, for example sodium sulphite, may give better recoveries and grades in flotation but is not as efficient as sodium chromate in inhibiting the wear of the grinding media. Pulp solutions (after grinding) analysed for metal ion concentrations showed low Fe. Iron released into the solution as a result of corrosion reactions subsequently forms insoluble hydroxy complexes and may coat the mineral surfaces. Such hydrophilic coatings may adversely affect the floatabilities of minerals. The particle size analysis of the ground product has been carried out and the results are discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Borjesson, T., et al.
(author)
-
Volatile metabolites produced by six fungal species compared with other indicators of fungal growth on cereal grains
- 1992
-
In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - Washington : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 58:8, s. 2599-2605
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six fungal species, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. glabrum, P. roqueforti, Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor, and A. candidus, were inoculated on moistened and autoclaved wheat and oat grains. They were cultivated in glass vessels provided with an inlet and outlet for air. Air was passed through the vessels to collect volatile fungal metabolites on porous polymer adsorbents attached to the outlet. Samples were collected at two fungal growth stages. Adsorbed compounds were thermally desorbed, separated by gas chromatography, and identified by mass spectrometry. Differences in the production of volatile metabolites depended more on the fungal species than on the grain type. The fungal growth stage was not an important factor determining the composition of volatiles produced. 3-Methylfuran was produced in similar amounts regardless of the fungal species and substrate (oat versus wheat). The production of volatile metabolites was compared with the production of ergosterol and CO2 and the number of CFU. The production of volatile metabolites was more strongly correlated with accumulated CO2 production than with actual CO2 production and more strongly correlated with ergosterol contents of the grain than with numbers of CFU.
|
|
| 4. |
- Börjesson, Thomas S., et al.
(author)
-
Off-odorous compounds produced by molds on oatmeal agar : Identification and relation to other growth characteristics
- 1993
-
In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 41:11, s. 2104-2111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ten Penicillium and Aspergillus species, four with a strong musty off-odor and six reference fungi without any characteristic odor, were cultivated on oatmeal agar for 5 days in cultivation vessels provided with an inlet and an outlet for air. Samples of volatile metabolites were collected on a porous polymer adsorbent attached to the outlet from day 2 through day 5 after inoculation. Adsorbed compounds were desorbed thermally and analyzed with GC/MS and a combined GC and sensory analysis, the GC sniff technique. Multivariate analysis of GC/MS and fungal odor data revealed strong associations between 6 of 65 volatile compounds and musty off-odor. The GC sniff technique showed that five of these, dimethyl disulfide, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methylisoborneol, and two C11H18 compounds, had prominent off-odors. In addition, geosmin, 1-methoxy-3-methylbenzene, and methylphenol were produced in large amounts by some off-odorous fungi and contributed to their unpleasant odor. 3-Methylfuran, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol were much more commonly produced than the off-odorous compounds. Both odorous and other volatile metabolites could be detected after 2 days of fungal growth. The production of odorous metabolites was enhanced at the time of sporulation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Edberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient three-dimensional model of rolling using an explicit finite-element formulation
- 1993
-
In: Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering. - : Wiley. - 1069-8299 .- 1099-0887. ; 9:7, s. 613-627
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rolling is simulated by a three-dimensional finite-element model with elastoplastic constitutive equations. The use of an explicit finite-element formulation, instead of the more commonly used implicit formulation, has reduced the required computing time. The larger of the models used in one step towards a general and complete computational model of rolling. Results from experiments and from two and three-dimensional calculations are compared.
|
|
| 6. |
- Edberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
-
The wedge rolling test
- 1994
-
In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 42:2, s. 227-238
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for the evaluation of friction models is described. A wedge is rolled to uniform thickness, a range of reductions being investigated thereby in one experiment. Finite-element simulations are performed in order to estimate the friction parameters that can be used in the simulation of hot rolling. The influence of the material parameters and the friction parameters on the calculated results are investigated and the latter are compared with experimental results. It is shown that it is possible to separate the influence of the material parameters and the friction parameters, thus enabling the friction parameters to be evaluated from a minimum number of experiments.
|
|
| 7. |
- Höök, Kristina, et al.
(author)
-
Inferring complex plans
- 1993
-
In: 1st International Workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examine the need for plan inference in intelligent help mechanisms. We argue that previous approaches have drawbacks that need to be overcome to make plan inference useful. Firstly, plans have to be inferred - not extracted from the users? help requests. Secondly, the plans inferred must be more than a single goal or solitary user command.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Karlgren, Jussi, et al.
(author)
-
Recognizing Text Genres with Simple Metrics Using Discriminant Analysis
- 1994
-
In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. - Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics. ; , s. 1071-1075
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A simple method for categorizing texts into pre-determined text genre categories using the statistical standard technique of discriminant analysis is demonstrated with application to the Brown corpus. Discriminant analysis makes it possible use a large number of parameters that may be specific for a certain corpus or information stream, and combine them into a small number of functions, with the parameters weighted on basis of how useful they are for discriminating text genres. An application to information retrieval is discussed.
|
|
