| 78151. |
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| 78152. |
- Kannius-Janson, Marie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The tissue-specific regulation of the carboxyl ester lipase gene in exocrine pancreas differs significantly between mouse and human.
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - 0264-6021. ; 351 Pt 2, s. 367-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene is highly expressed in exocrine pancreas and expression of the human CEL gene is mediated by a strong tissue-specific enhancer, which is absolutely necessary for high-level expression. The mouse promoter, on the other hand, does not contain a corresponding enhancer element, but instead is totally dependent on another pancreas-specific element. This element is identified as a pancreatic transcription factor 1 (PTF 1)-binding site. The human CEL promoter also contains a putative PTF 1 element located at a position corresponding to the essential PTF 1 site in the mouse promoter. However, nucleotide changes in the human promoter 5' flanking this PTF 1 site have created an overlapping CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-like binding motif, interfering with the binding of PTF 1. Hence, our findings provide an example of genetic divergence between species not accompanied by difference in function.
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| 78153. |
- Kanno, Taro, et al.
(författare)
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A review of the Shortened Dental Arch Concept focusing on the work by the Käyser/Nijmegen group
- 2006
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Ingår i: J Oral Rehabil. ; 33, s. 850-862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this paper were to review the literature on shortened dental arches with special focus on publications of the Käyser/Nijmegen group, and to evaluate the discussions on the shortened dental arch concept found in the literature. A MEDLINE (PubMed) search was conducted for articles in English published in the dental literature from 1966 to August 2005. The search revealed epidemiological, cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical studies as well as opinion papers, the majority of which were published by the Dutch group. The studies found in general no clinically significant differences between subjects with shortened dental arches of 3 to 5 occlusal units and complete dental arches regarding variables such as masticatory ability, signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, migration of remaining teeth, periodontal support, and oral comfort. The findings from cross-sectional studies were corroborated longitudinally. No systematic clinical study with conflicting results was found. It was therefore suggested that the shortened dental arch concept deserves serious consideration in treatment planning for partially edentulous patients. The concept was accepted by a great majority of dentists but not widely practiced. It may be concluded that shortened dental arches comprising anterior and premolar teeth in general fulfil the requirements of a functional dentition. The results have had a significant influence on current prosthodontic thinking. However, with ongoing changes, e.g. in dental health and economy, the concept requires continuing discussion. Patients’ needs and demands vary much and should be individually assessed but the shortened dental arch concept deserves to be included in all treatment planning for partially edentulous patients.
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| 78154. |
- Kanno, T., et al.
(författare)
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Topography, microhardness, and precision of fit on ready-made zirconia abutment before/after sintering process
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. ; 9:3, s. 156-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Sintering porcelain on a ceramic abutment may change the microstructure and result in aging processes that influence the mechanical properties, internal strain, and the three-dimensional form of the abutment, thus causing a possible misfit between the abutment and the fixture. Purpose The aim was to investigate topography, microhardness, and precision of fit on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) abutments before/after the sintering process. Materials and Methods Ten Y-TZP abutment samples were ground to a shape used in the clinical situation and divided at random into two groups: before/after sintering. After the surface roughness was measured on all abutments, the abutments were connected to fixture replicas, embedded in resin, and cut in the longitudinal axis. Both sides of the cut samples were measured with respect to microhardness and minimum distance between fixture and abutment surface. t-Test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were used to investigate statistical significant differences. Results The surface roughness (S(a) and S(dr)) after sintering was significantly higher than before sintering. The total average values of microhardness after sintering were statistically lower than before sintering with a difference of 2%. The total distance between abutment/fixture before/after sintering demonstrated no statistically significant difference. Contact between abutment/fixture was most common at the top area of the fixture. Conclusion A slight decrease of microhardness and contamination of porcelain particles immediately below the veneered part were found on the Y-TZP abutment after sintering. The sintering process did not affect the precision of fit.
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| 78155. |
- Kano, M., et al.
(författare)
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Resting state functional connectivity of the pain matrix and default mode network in irritable bowel syndrome: a graph theoretical analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of brain-gut interactions. Differential brain responses to rectal distention between IBS and healthy controls (HCs) have been demonstrated, particularly in the pain matrix and the default mode network. This study aims to compare resting-state functional properties of these networks between IBS patients and HCs using graph analysis in two independent cohorts. We used a weighted graph analysis of the adjacency matrix based on partial correlations between time series in the different regions in each subject to determine subject specific graph measures. These graph measures were normalized by values obtained in equivalent random networks. We did not find any significant differences between IBS patients and controls in global normalized graph measures, hubs, or modularity structure of the pain matrix and the DMN in any of our two independent cohorts. Furthermore, we did not find consistent associations between these global network measures and IBS symptom severity or GI-specific anxiety but we found a significant difference in the relationship between measures of psychological distress (anxiety and/or depressive symptoms) and normalized characteristic path length. The responses of these networks to visceral stimulation rather than their organisation at rest may be primarily disturbed in IBS.
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| 78156. |
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Kanon ifrågasatt : Kanon ifrågasatt. Kanoniseringsprocesser och makten över vetandet
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kanons vara eller icke vara har debatterats från olika perspektiv under de senaste åren. I boken Kanon ifrågasatt diskuteras kanon som företeelse: Är den alls nödvändig eller gör den trots allt mer nytta än skada? Boken behandlar också tänkare och traditioner som tidigare inte beretts plats i kanon, liksom för oss välkända tänkares väg in i kanon. Förhållandet mellan kanon och universitetsutbildning är både en praktisk och en utbildningspolitisk fråga. Men i grunden är det också fråga om demokrati: Vad är värt att läsa? Vilka texter har egentligen allmänintresse? Och hur bestäms det? Hur dessa frågor besvaras påverkar vad som inte betraktas som varande av allmänt intresse. I boken diskuteras teoretiska perspektiv företrädda av Gayatri Spivak och Allan och Harold Bloom, filosofihistoriska kanoniseringspraktiker kring Descartes, det mödosamma arbetet att skriva in kvinnliga tänkare i den filosofihistoriska kanonen. Dessutom belyses kanoniseringens verktyg för att hålla utomeuropeiska tänkare utanför kanon. Även vita europeiska män utesluts när deras ärenden inte passar kanons hegemoniska intressen. Kanon ifrågasatt innehåller tio essäer skrivna av idéhistoriker och filosofihistoriker, flertalet verksamma vid Göteborgs universitet.
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| 78157. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 78158. |
- Kanoski, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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GLP-1 and weight loss: unraveling the diverse neural circuitry
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 310:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is currently one of the most promising biological systems for the development of effective obesity pharmacotherapies. Long-acting GLP-1 analogs potently reduce food intake and body weight, and recent discoveries reveal that peripheral administration of these drugs reduces food intake largely through humoral pathways involving direct action on brain GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R). Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the neural systems through which GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 analogs reduce food intake and body weight. In this review, we discuss several neural, physiological, cellular and molecular, as well as behavioral mechanisms through which peripheral and central GLP-1R signaling reduces feeding. Particular attention is devoted to discussion regarding the numerous neural substrates through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce food intake and body weight, including various hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area), hindbrain nuclei (parabrachial nucleus, medial nucleus tractus solitarius), hippocampus (ventral subregion; vHP), and nuclei embedded within the mesolimbic reward circuitry [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)]. In some of these nuclei [VTA, NAc, and vHP], GLP-1R activation reduces food intake and body weight without concomitant nausea responses, suggesting that targeting these specific pathways may be of particular interest for future obesity pharmacotherapy. The widely distributed neural systems through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce body weight highlight the complexity of the neural systems regulating energy balance, as well as the challenges for developing effective obesity pharmacotherapies that reduce feeding without producing parallel negative side effects.
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| 78159. |
- Kanstrup, C., et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glucosinolate transporters 1/2/3 (GTR1/2/3) from the Nitrate and Peptide transporter Family (NPF) play an essential role in the transport, accumulation, and distribution of the specialized plant metabolite glucosinolates. Due to representing both antinutritional and health-promoting compounds, there is increasing interest in characterizing GTRs from various plant species. We generated seven artificial glucosinolates (either aliphatic or benzenic) bearing different fluorophores (Fluorescein, BODIPY, Rhodamine, Dansylamide, and NBD) and investigated the ability of GTR1/2/3 from Arabidopsis thaliana to import the fluorescent glucosinolates (F-GSLs) into oocytes from Xenopus laevis. Five out of the seven F-GSLs synthesized were imported by at least one of the GTRs. GTR1 and GTR2 were able to import three F-GSLs actively above external concentration, while GTR3 imported only one actively. Competition assays indicate that the F-GSLs are transported by the same mechanism as non-tagged natural glucosinolates. The GTR-mediated F-GSL uptake is detected via a rapid and sensitive assay only requiring simple fluorescence measurements on a standard plate reader. This is highly useful in investigations of glucosinolate transport function and provides a critical prerequisite for elucidating the relationship between structure and function through high-throughput screening of GTR mutant libraries. The F-GSL themselves may also be suitable for future studies on glucosinolate transport in vivo.
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| 78160. |
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