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| 3. |
- Grahn, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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A novel experimental technique for estimation of molecular orientation in zeolite
- 2007
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Ingår i: Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. - 0167-2991. ; 170, s. 724-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FTIR spectroscopy in combination with polarized light and an ATR probe coated with a b-oriented ZSM-5 film was for the first time used to determine the orientation of adsorbed molecules in the ZSM-5 structure. Two adsorbates were studied, n-hexane and p-xylene and the results agreed with previously reported results obtained by other experimental techniques.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Viktor, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Benefit of Route Recognition in Energy Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the American Control Conference. - : IEEE. - 0743-1619. - 9781457710940 ; , s. 1314-1320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the benefit of an energymanagement system that autonomously can recognize when aplug-in hybrid electric vehicle is driven along known commutingroutes. The presented route recognition algorithm comparesthe GPS trajectory of the ongoing trip with stored commutingroutes using the well known cross-correlation operation. If aroute is recognized the energy management system switchesfrom a charge depleting charge sustaining discharge strategyto a strategy where the battery discharge rate is adapted to thelength of the recognized route, thereby decreasing the averagedischarge current and the resistive losses.The proposed system is evaluated using simulations onone month of logged commuter driving data. The resultsfor an energy management system based on the equivalentconsumption minimization strategy indicate an overall fuel costreduction of 1.5% compared to an system that only utilize acharge depleting charge sustaining strategy.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Gröbner Bases : Basis Selection for Minimal Solvers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2018. - 9781538664209 ; , s. 3945-3954
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many computer vision applications require robust estimation of the underlying geometry, in terms of camera motion and 3D structure of the scene. These robust methods often rely on running minimal solvers in a RANSAC framework. In this paper we show how we can make polynomial solvers based on the action matrix method faster, by careful selection of the monomial bases. These monomial bases have traditionally been based on a Grobner basis for the polynomial ideal. Here we describe how we can enumerate all such bases in an efficient way. We also show that going beyond Grobner bases leads to more efficient solvers in many cases. We present a novel basis sampling scheme that we evaluate on a number of problems.
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| 6. |
- Magnusson, Jessica
(författare)
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Nutritional factors and allergic disease : from infancy to adolescence
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Allergic disease is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in childhood. Both overweight and diet have been hypothesized to influence the risk of allergic disease. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the associations between overweight, fish intake and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and allergic disease throughout childhood. All analyses were performed on data from the Swedish prospective birth cohort BAMSE. The association between body mass index (BMI) status (as a measure of overweight) and risk of asthma at age 8 years was explored among 2,075 children (study I). High BMI at ages 1, 1.5, 4 and 7 years were associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 8 years. However, children with high BMI during early childhood but whose BMI normalized before age 7 years had no increased risk of asthma. In contrast, children with a high BMI at age 7 years had an increased risk of asthma, regardless of their earlier BMI. Moreover, a high BMI at age 7 years was associated with an increased risk of aeroallergen sensitization at age 8 years. Fish intake in relation to subsequent allergic disease was investigated in studies II and III. A regular fish intake (≥2-3 times/month) at age 1 year reduced the risk of allergic disease up to age 12 years in analyses of 3,285 children (study II). Restriction of the analyses to children without early symptoms of allergic disease weakened the inverse associations with asthma and eczema, but the association with rhinitis was unaffected. Regular fish consumption at school age was assessed in relation to the development of IgE-associated and non-IgE-associated rhinitis between ages 8 and 16 years in analyses of 1,590 children (study III). For total fish intake, cod or fish fingers no significant associations were observed. In contrast, a regular intake of oily fish (≥1 time/week) was associated with a reduced risk of developing rhinitis between ages 8 and 16 years, also after adjustment for infant fish intake and early symptoms of allergic disease. The association between PUFAs at age 8 years and risk of allergic disease was investigated in studies III and IV. Calculated intake of total PUFA, α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3), total n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6), and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) was not associated with rhinitis in study III. Meanwhile, higher intake of total very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (VLC n-3 fatty acids, the sum of eicosapentaeonic acid [20:5 n-3], docosapentaeonic acid [22:5 n-3], and docosahexaeonic acid [22:6 n-3]), was associated with a reduced risk of developing non-IgE-associated rhinitis between ages 8 and 16 years. The composition of PUFAs was measured in plasma phospholipids for a subsample of 940 children. Increasing proportion of total VLC n-3 fatty acids was associated with a reduced risk of asthma, rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitization at age 16 years in study IV. In addition, total VLC n-3 fatty acids was associated with a reduced risk of developing asthma between ages 8 and 16 years. AA was associated with a reduced risk of asthma and aeroallergen sensitization at age 16 years. The inverse associations between total VLC n-3 fatty acids and AA and allergic disease were most pronounced for the IgE-associated phenotypes. In conclusion, the results in this thesis imply that modifiable factors influence the risk of allergic disease in childhood. Early-transient high BMI does not seem to increase the risk, while persistent and late high BMI seem to be associated with concurrent asthma and aeroallergen sensitization at school age. Moreover, fish intake, both in infancy and childhood, and PUFAs, especially VLC n-3 fatty acids, were associated with a reduced risk of subsequent allergic disease throughout childhood.
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| 7. |
- Sandström, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Building back better? Qualitative indications of inequalities produced by Covid-19 and its policy and societal responses. RESISTIRÉ D4.2: Second cycle summary report.
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this report is to analyse the gender+ inequality dimensions and the impacts that policies and societal responses implemented in Europe as a response to COVID-19 have had on people, to give voice to those people and groups who may not have been heard in the public debate, and to identify enablers and obstacles towards recovery, with a specific focus on four domains: gender-based violence, education, work and care; and with a specific focus on vulnerable groups, including: LGBTQI+, migrants, young people. The report is based on three methods of qualitative data collection: pan-European workshops, expert interviews and narrative interviews. The material is extensive; all in all it includes 368 individuals, who generously shared their knowledge and experiences as activists and experts in civil society, public authorities and academia, and as individuals with lived experiences during COVID-19 across Europe. The data were collected via three pan-European workshops with inequality experts from civil society representing the voices of specific target groups, public authority experts and academics (n=38); semi-structured interviews with predominantly public authority experts and academics (n=24); and via individual narrative interviews with people from across Europe (n=306) and analysed using thematic analysis. The workshops addressed the domains gender-based violence, work, and education. The semi-structured interviews collected data from the national level in the same domains, as well as the care domain. The narrative interviews were conducted and analysed by the consortium partners and a network of 21 national researchers covering the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK. In line with the theoretical and conceptual approach of RESISTIRÉ, the report builds on an intersectional approach to gender which acknowledges the mutual shaping of multiple complex inequalities. Based on the research agenda produced in the first cycle, the analysis also draws on concepts of unintended consequences, resilience, recovery and better stories (Živković et al. 2022). The overall findings of this second cycle of qualitative data collection describe a Europe where: Recovery is not taking place, despite an extensive political and societal response to the pandemic. Instead, we are witnessing an increase in inequalities, and emerging forms of new inequalities, including: Intensification of gender-based violence and emergence of new mechanisms and methods of perpetrating violence. Educational debts – similar to the health debt - affecting millions of pupils and students around Europe and with long term effects that could be potentially devastating for a whole generation. Digital poverty, including unequal digital literacy and unequal access to digital tools, was prevalent across all domains and strongly interlinked with gender+ inequalities, but with different effects in different domains. Technological and digital shortages among some groups, influenced individual lives in terms of work and education, social contact and opportunities for health prevention. For instance, elderly and some migrant communities were not provided with health information, booking systems for testing and vaccines in an accessible format. Time poverty: Although remote work improved work-life balance for some, many women struggled to combine paid work with unpaid care work during the pandemic. Welfare system favouring insiders: while those with secure employment received some support, others were left without. People relying on casual work in the informal sector and the self-employed stood out as particularly vulnerable. Complicated bureaucratic procedures also excluded some people. Difficulties (re)entering the labour market: the pandemic made it more challenging for individuals to (re) enter the labour market either because employers were not recruiting new staff or because opportunities for education and training were more limited. Social isolation and psychological concerns: Tha The pandemic, and the social isolation it has caused, has had a detrimental effect on mental health which was apparent in cycle one. What the second cycle shows is that these effects appear to be persistent for many. A sense of hopelessness and helplessness are coming through strongly in some narratives.
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| 9. |
- Sandström, Linda, 1973-
(författare)
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Impact of deep brain stimulation in the caudal zona incerta on voice tremor and speech in persons with essential tremor
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a symptomatic treatment for people with essential tremor (ET) who have unsatisfactory tremor relief with pharmacological treatment alone. A common symptom of ET is voice tremor, but only about 50% of patients with voice tremor get a satisfactory result with DBS. Moreover, stimulation-induced adverse effects on speech are often reported, especially with bilateral stimulation. In recent years, the caudal zona incerta (cZi) has been highlighted as a particularly efficient DBS-target for tremor; however, less is known about the effects of cZi-DBS on voice and speech. The aims of this thesis were to (i) describe how voice tremor and speech production are affected by habitual cZi-DBS optimized to treat the motor symptoms of ET, (ii) investigate how voice tremor and speech production are affected by unilateral cZi-stimulation at increasing amplitudes, with a particular focus on high-amplitude stimulation, and (iii) explore the extent to which patient characteristics and DBS related factors, such as electrode location and stimulation settings, influence the outcome.Methods: This thesis comprises two different study protocols. Study I was a retrospective study of 19 patients with ET and voice tremor, and DBS effects on voice tremor were evaluated from clinical assessments made at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, respectively. Studies II-V included 37 persons with ET, and DBS effects on voice tremor and speech production were evaluated off- and on habitual stimulation, as well as in an experimental protocol with unilateral stimulation at increasing amplitudes (up to a maximum of 4.5V). Voice tremor (study II, III) was assessed by two listeners using the Visual Sort and Rate (VISOR) method. Speech intelligibility (study IV) was estimated from orthographic transcriptions of nonsense sentences made by two speech-language pathology students. Speech function, including articulation and voice quality (study V) were analysed in 14 participants and assessed by two speech-language pathologists using VISOR. Voice and speech outcomes following the experimental stimulation condition were evaluated in relation to the location of the active electrode contacts.Results: Habitual cZi-DBS reduced voice tremor at all examinations and did not affect speech production on the group-level. By contrast, during unilateral high-amplitude stimulation, more negative effects on speech were noted, and the proportion of individuals with affected speech more than doubled at maximal amplitude stimulation compared with habitual cZi-DBS (40% compared to 17%). While most of these adverse effects were mild in general, a few participants exhibited more severe impairments of high-amplitude stimulation, especially on speech intelligibility and articulation. There were also cases in which high-amplitude stimulation worsened voice tremor or even induced the symptom. As for the contribution of electrode location, a deeper and more posterior stimulation origin were found to yield the most efficient voice tremor reduction, more medially located electrodes were associated with affected articulation, whereas deteriorated speech intelligibility was related to stimulation originating from a more superior location.Conclusions: cZi-DBS is relatively safe in the sense that adverse effects on speech production are rarely seen during stimulation with the clinical settings. Furthermore, voice tremor can be expected to improve, both short- and long- term, although not always to such an extent that the symptom is alleviated completely. However, by increasing the stimulation amplitude beyond the clinical setting, one increases the risk of inducing unwanted speech-related effects and worsen voice tremor. Thus, it appears as though the challenge in the postoperative management of the DBS treatment lies in maintaining the therapeutic effect while still keeping the stimulation amplitude at a low level. The combined results of this thesis indicate that the best outcome for voice and speech might be achieved by stimulating from the posterior-inferior-lateral part of the cZi.
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson-Erici, Margaretha, 1950-
(författare)
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Fish bile in environmental analysis
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work explores the usefulness of fish bile analysis in combination with biomarkers for identifying and evaluating new environmental contaminants in the aquatic environment. It illustrates how bile analysis can be used together with biomarkers to assess the causes of estrogenic effects, to identify chemicals in the aquatic environment that are taken up by fish, and to monitor environmental exposure.In a first application, fish exposed to sewage treatment plant effluent were studied. Elevated levels of vitellogenin in the exposed fish demonstrated that estrogenic effects occurred. Several estrogen disrupting substances were identified in the fish bile, and analysis of water samples confirmed that these substances were present in the effluent. The synthetic estrogen 17a-ethinylestradiol, which is known to be present in sewage treatment plant effluent, was shown for the first time to be taken up by fish. Considering the reported potencies of the detected substances, it was concluded that 17a-ethinylestradiol was the major contributor to the estrogenic effects.Chemical analysis of bile was used to identify rubber additives that were released from tires immersed in water. The bile of rainbow trout held in the water contained high levels of metabolites of PAHs and aromatic nitrogen compounds. Several biomarkers were also measured in the exposed fish, and EROD induction and oxidative stress were observed. Based on the bile analysis observations together with knowledge of toxicological mechanisms, it was postulated that the EROD induction was due to the PAHs, while aromatic nitrogen compounds caused the oxidative stress.Resin acids in fish bile proved to be a good indicator of exposure in a chronic long-term study of rainbow trout exposed to effluent from a total chlorine free (TCF) pulp mill. Elevated levels of GST (gluthatione-S-transferase) and GR (gluthatione reductase) activity, and the presence of DNA adducts after a two month recovery period, indicated that compounds in the pulp mill effluents have persistent effects. In addition to characterising the exposure of the fish to the effluent, the analysis of the resin acids in the bile provided evidence of accidents in the pulp mill that the existing process monitoring system had not detected.Resin acids in bile were also found to be a valuable indicator of exposure to pulp mill effluents for eelpout living in the Baltic Sea. A correlation between resin acid levels in bile and skewed sex ratios provided an important link in the chain of evidence that substances in the pulp mill effluents cause male bias of the eelpout embryos.A particularly good example of the potential of bile analysis was the identification of a previously unknown environmental contaminant. A large peak was observed in the bile extracts of fish that had been exposed to sewage treatment plant effluent. This peak was identified as triclosan, which demonstrated its presence in sewage treatment plant effluent. Other work went on to show that it is a common contaminant of the aquatic environment. The ability of fish to concentrate contaminant metabolites in bile to levels very much higher than in the environment, and the comparatively low levels of analytic interferences, make bile a particularly attractive matrix to search for new, unknown organic pollutants
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