| 1. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Climate change mitigation and adaptation in Swedish forests : promoting forestry, capturing carbon and fuelling transports
- 2011
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In: Energy, policy, and the environment. - New York : Springer. - 9781461403494 - 9781461403500 ; , s. 133-153
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sweden is a land of forests. In fact, almost 60% of the surface area is covered by forest (both productive and nonproductive). Since the end of the nineteenth century, these woodlands have primarily been utilized by the forest industry but reindeer husbandry in the north and tourism and recreation, including hunting, berry picking, and other local, customary activities also exploit the forest landscape. Ownership is highly diversified. Of the estimated 23 million hectares of productive forest land, some 40% is owned by large forest companies and the government and approximately 50% by some 350,000 small, nonindustrial, private owners.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(author)
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Adapting to climate change in Sweden : national policy development and adaptation measures in Västra Götaland
- 2010
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In: Developing Adaptation Policy and Pracitce in Europe. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048193240 - 9789048193257 ; , s. 189-232
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Located in south-western Sweden, the Vastra Gotaland region is often seen as one of the areas of the country most vulnerable to flooding and erosion, and will be highly impacted by flooding and sea level rise as a result of climate change Drawing upon a literature study and semi-structured interviews with actors in climate policy, this chapter reviews the development of adaptation policy in Sweden The chapter focuses particularly on the Commission on Climate and Vulnerability (2007) and a government bill An Integrated Climate and Energy Policy Climate (2009) in which suggestions by the Commission were included The chapter describes the development of adaptation policy and measures on the regional and local levels in Vastra Gotaland and within select municipalities The study illustrates the national distribution of responsibility through which municipalities are given a large role in integrating adaptation measures, and describes some of the differentiated responses such responsibilities may elicit on the local level.
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| 4. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(author)
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Adaptive capacity and adaptation in Swedish multi-use boreal forests : sites of interaction between different land uses
- 2010
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In: Adaptive capacity and environmental governance. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642121937 - 9783642121944 ; , s. 89-106
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Governance and conflict resolution in multi-use forests require the integration of stakeholders and decision-makers in multiple sectors: forestry, reindeer husbandry, conservation, tourism and local use. To a large extent, these sectors are characterised by divergent interests and considerable power discrepancies. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews in Gällivare, a municipality in northernmost Sweden, this paper discusses adaptive capacity with regard to interaction between sectors. The chapter examines impacts of the different land uses on each other, identifies adaptation options, and describes existing interaction measures. The chapter concludes that adaptive capacity at the local level is constrained by a number of factors, one example being the institutionalised character of reindeer herding–forestry relations that may limit adaptation at the local level.
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| 5. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(author)
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Climate change adaptation in the United Kingdom : England and South-East England
- 2010
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In: Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048193257 - 9789048193240 ; , s. 97-147
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The UK has been one of the early actors in developing adaptation to climate change, and today has a comprehensive legislative and regulative framework for including climate change effects in planning This chapter reviews the development of the UK approach, drawing on a literature study and semi-structured interviews conducted with several actors, the majority of whom are from public administration at the national, regional and local levels The study focuses on England and the South-East England region in particular, one of the areas most at risk of flooding and sea level rise in the UK In addition to discussing the national and regional levels, the chapter describes how adaptation has been integrated in a number of counties, cities and boroughs in the area All in all, the study reveals a relatively developed approach to adaptation, made possible in part as a result of both the recognised sensitivity of selected areas to climate change and the centralised nature of the political system Centralised as well as network capacities of the central government have made it possible for the national level to both include adaptation criteria in the performance assessment framework for local authorities, and for these to be broadly accepted among affected actors.
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| 6. |
- Keskitalo, E Carina H, 1974-
(author)
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Climate change, vulnerability and adaptive capacity in a multi-use forest municipality in Northern Sweden
- 2010
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In: Community adaptation and vulnerability in arctic regions. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. ; , s. 285-311
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The impacts of climate change may be especially large on areas where conflicts regarding renewable resources such as multi-use forests already exist, and may increasingly impact sectors where access to resources is already limited. Drawing upon the CAVIAR framework for analysing current and future exposure-sensitivity and adaptive capacity in Gallivare municipality, northern Sweden, this chapter describes the socio-economic and environmental context of, and current and potential adaptations to, changes in forestry, reindeer husbandry, and winter tourism. The chapter concludes that these land use sectors are impacted by considerable economic and market pressures, with the result that conflicts between sectors have become increasingly pronounced. While climate change will eventually affect all land use sectors, impacts may be felt most immediately by those with the smallest existing margins for their activities, such as reindeer husbandry.
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| 7. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(author)
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Conclusion : the development of adaptive capacity and adaptation measures in European countries
- 2010
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In: Developing Adaptation Policy and Pracitce in Europe. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048193257 - 9789048193240 ; , s. 339-366
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This volume has related the development of adaptation policy and practice to a number of structural, context-based or procedural capacities, these include the extent of decentralisation, the type of planning systems, the institutionalization of environmental policy, and the occurrence of focusing events across multi-level governance systems The case study material has consisted of nested case studies on national, regional and local levels in the UK, Finland, Sweden and Italy, supplemented by comparative cases viewed mainly within the context of the European Union This chapter summarizes the results of the study with a focus on the parameters defined in the introduction and describes the significant variety in outcomes across the case study countries Differences range from a comprehensive multi-level framework for adaptation in the centralised unitary UK state, to more limited approaches in Sweden and Finland, to the failure to thus far institutionalise adaptation policy in Italy The case studies support identifying the parameters affecting adaptive capacity and the development of adaptation responses However, no single factor in itself can readily explain the variety of responses to adaptation.
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| 8. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(author)
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Introduction - adaptation to climate change in Europe : theoretical framework and study design
- 2010
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In: Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048193257 - 9789048193240 ; , s. 1-38
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As mitigation will not likely be sufficient to hinder climate change, adaptation to the consequences of climate change will be needed The impacts of climate change will include such phenomena as increased flooding and sea level rise, which will in turn have significant effects on densely populated and infrastructurally-developed areas in advanced industrial states Despite the potential for serious consequences very little of the existing climate change adaptation literature has focused on adaptation in the EU or the industrialised world in general This chapter and the volume at large address this gap This chapter describes the governance system of public and private actors and bodies that set the context for adaptive capacity at local, regional national and EU levels, and argues that adaptive capacity can largely be seen as related to the resource distribution and prioritisation processes within such systems The chapter further outlines the comparative approach taken by the volume, including a common methodology for the presented multi-level studies.
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| 9. |
- Westerhoff, Lisa, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Planned adaptation measures in industrialised countries : a comparison of select countries within and outside the EU
- 2010
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In: Developing Adaptation Policy and Pracitce in Europe. - Berlin : Springer. - 9789048193257 - 9789048193240 ; , s. 271-338
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter provides a context for the discussion on the emergence of adaptation measures in the four case studies presented in this volume through a brief discussion of the ways in which planned adaptations are being developed in eight European countries Adaptation actions at different levels in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain are described in order to provide an illustration of adaptation measures in a range of countries representing differing structural contexts, modes of decentralisation and histories of engagement in environmental policy An additional section on planned adaptation as it has manifested in Canada and Australia is also presented to provide further ground for comparison with countries outside the European context Results show a tenuous link between the extent to which countries have engaged in adaptation and their environmental policy implementation record, though some interesting links between environmental policy institutions and adaptation can be made The extent to which unitary and federal nations have decentralised responsibility to sub-national tiers is shown to have an impact on the way in which regions and local authorities have engaged in adaptation The role of both NGOs and the European Union is shown to be of significance to regional and local governments, as well as those countries who have not yet extensively engaged in adaptation at the national scale.
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