| 11. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Fatal accidents and suicide among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 63 Suppl 2, s. 384-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Over the last decades, reindeer-herding management has experienced drarnatic changes, e.g. increased motorization and socio-econornic pressure. The airn of the present study was to investigate whether these changes have increased the risk of fatal, work-related accidents and suicide between 1961 and 2000. Study design and methods. A c oh ort containing 7,482 members of reindeer-herding Sami families was extracted from national population registers. Information on fatal accidents and suicide was obtained from the Swedish Causes of Death Register, and compared to the expected number of deaths in a dernographica11y matched control population of non-Sami. Results. The ffiale reindeer her- ding Sami showed a significantly increased risk of dying from accidents such as vehicle accidents and poisoning. No significant increased risk of suicide was observed. A comparison between the periods of 1961-1980 and 1981- 2000 showed non-significant differences in risk, although a trend towards incre- ased risks was observed for most types of external causes of death except suicide. Conclusions. It is suggested that the increased socio-econornic pressure and the extensive use of terrain vehicles have increased the risk for fatal accidents arnong Swedish reindeer herders, and that commercial reindeer ma- nagement is one of the most dangerous occupations in Sweden
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| 12. |
- Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Endurance during chewing in whiplash-associated disorders and TMD.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 83:12, s. 946-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown an association between ncck injury and disturbed jaw function. This study tested the hypothesis of a relationship between neck injury and impaired endurance during chewing. Fifty patients with whiplash-associated disorders (\VAD) were compared with 50 tcmporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients and 50 healthy subjects. Endurance was evaluated during unilateral chewing of gum for 5 min when participants reported fatigue and pain. Whereas aH healthy suhjects complcted the task, 1/4 of the TMD and a majority of the \VAD patients discontinued the task. A majority of the WAD patients also reported fatigue and paln. These ndings suggest an association between neck injury and reduced functional capacity of the jaw motor system. From the results, we propose that routinc cxamination of ‘VAD patients should include jaw function and that an endurance test as described in this study could also be a useful tool for nondental professionals.
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| 13. |
- Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Head movements during chewing : relation to size and texture of bolus.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 83:11, s. 864-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coordinated manibular and head-neck movements during jaw opening-closing activities suggest a close functionallinkage between the jaw (Th and the neck regions. The present study al., investigated whether size and texture of bolus can texl intluence head-neck behavior during chewing. Ho' Using an optoelectronic 3-D recording technique, et , we analyzed concomitant mandibular and head- and neck movements in 12 healthy adults chewing small (3 g) and large (9 g) boluses of chewing resl gum and Optosil. The main finding was a head sim extension during chewing, the amount of which cer' was related mainly to bolus size. Furthermore, suc each chewing cycle was accompanied not only by ya" mandibular movements, but a1so by head mol extension-flexion movements. Larger head the movement amplitudes were correlated with larger but size and, to some extent, also with harder texture yet of the bolus. The results suggest that head-neck of t behavior during chewing is modulated in response acCI to changes in jaw sensory-motor input.
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| 14. |
- Kalezic, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Distinctive pattern of c-fos expression in the feline cervico-lumbar spinal cord after stimulation of vanilloid receptors in dorsal neck muscles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 364:2, s. 94-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, c-fos expression in the spinal cord has been used as a marker of neuronal activation induced by capsaicin-sensitive sensory afferents from the dorsal neck muscles in cats (n = 6). The number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons, which were revealed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, was significantly increased in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord. In contrast to the control group (n = 3), 2 h after intramuscular capsaicin injection, c-fos expression was more extensive ipsilaterally to the injected side in the C3-C6 segments, and bilaterally in the L4-L6 segments. Most labeled neurons in the cervical spinal cord were small and giant cells, predominantly located in the middle and lateral parts of lamina I and, additionally, at the neck of the dorsal horn (lamina V), i.e., within the zones of termination of high-threshold muscle afferents. The widespread distribution of labeled cells throughout the cervical cord within the intermediate zone (lamina VII) coincided with the sites of last-order premotor interneurons and cells of origin of long crossed and uncrossed descending propriospinal pathways to the lumbar spinal cord. These findings suggest possible mechanisms for spreading of nociceptive signals between cervical and lumbar regions.
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| 15. |
- Kalezic, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue-related depression of the feline monosynaptic gastrocnemius-soleus reflex
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - London : Cambridge U. P.. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 556:1, s. 293-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In decerebrate cats, changes in the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) of gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) motoneurones were studied after fatiguing stimulation (FST) of the G-S muscles. Monosynaptic reflexes were evoked by stimulation of Ia fibres in the G-S nerve and recorded from a filament of ventral root (VR) L7. FST (intermittent 40 s(-1) stimulation for 10-12 min) was applied to the distal part of the cut VR S1. FST reduced MSR amplitudes to 0.64 +/- 0.04 (mean +/-s.e.m.) of the prefatigue values. The suppression remained stable for approximately 25 min and then MSR amplitudes gradually returned towards the normal. To test for the involvement of presynaptic and recurrent inhibition, MSRs were conditioned by stimulation of the nerve to the posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt) muscles or a filament of VR L7, respectively. The intensity of presynaptic inhibition (reduction of the normalized value of MSR amplitude during conditioning) increased from 0.19 +/- 0.02 in prefatigue to 0.44 +/- 0.04 within a 5.3-18.2 min interval after FST, followed by a recovery. In contrast, the intensity of recurrent inhibition first diminished from 0.23 +/- 0.02 in prefatigue to 0.15 +/- 0.01 within 15.6-30.1 min after FST and then gradually recovered. Both primary afferent depolarization and the intensity of antidromic discharges in primary afferents increased with the presynaptic inhibition intensity. These results demonstrate a fatigue-related suppression of Ia excitation of synergistic motoneurones, probably arising from the activation of group III and IV afferents. The effects could in part be due to increased presynaptic inhibition, while recurrent inhibition plays a minor role.
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| 16. |
- Kjeldsen, Ann-Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Training phonological awareness in kindergarten level children : consistency is more important than quantity
- 2003
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Ingår i: Learning and instruction. - : Elsevier. - 0959-4752 .- 1873-3263. ; 13, s. 349-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we show that the benefits of phonological training upon reading skills, aptly demonstrated by Lundberg, Frost, and Petersen (Reading Res. Q., 23 (1988) 263), can be obtained even in less favourable conditions featuring a smaller dose of training in a kindergarten culture impregnated by knowledge of phonological awareness and reading. As a consequence, the control group in the present study demonstrated vastly better pre-school reading skills than the one in Lundberg et al. (1988). One experimental group received a training dose of only 60% of that administered by Lundberg et al. (1988). The results replicated those of Lundberg et al. (1988) even for the group with a 60% training dose. A significant gain in word reading was maintained until the end of grade 2 both for mainstream pupils and childrenat- risk. A spelling gain was observed only for children-at-risk in grade 2. It is suggested that training must be strictly systematic in order to be effective. The results are discussed in terms of metacognitive insights into reading that are gained through training in phonological awareness.
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| 17. |
- Kjellgren, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Laminin isoforms in human extraocular muscles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 45:12, s. 4233-4239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine the laminin isoform composition of the basement membranes (BMs) in the human extraocular muscles (EOMs) and relate it to the fact that EOMs are spared in laminin alpha2-chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. METHODS: Samples from adult human EOMs and limb muscle were processed for immunocytochemistry, with monoclonal antibodies against laminin chains (Ln) alpha1 to -5, beta1 and -2, and gamma1. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were identified with acetylcholinesterase reaction. The capillary density was measured in sections stained with anti-Lnalpha5. RESULTS: The extrasynaptic BM of the EOM muscle fibers contained Lnalpha2, -beta1, -beta2, and -gamma1, and, in contrast to limb muscle, it also contained Lnalpha4 and -alpha5, to some extent. The distinct laminin composition of the EOMs was confirmed by the presence of Lutheran protein, an alpha5-chain-specific receptor not found in limb muscle. At the NMJs, there was increased expression of Lnalpha4 and expression of Lnalpha2, -alpha5, -beta1, -beta2, and -gamma1 was also maintained. The capillary density was very high (1050 +/- 190 capillaries/mm(2)) in the EOMs and significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the orbital (1170 +/- 180 capillaries/mm(2)) than in the global (930 +/- 110 capillaries/mm(2)) layer. CONCLUSIONS: The human EOMs showed important differences in laminin isoform composition and capillary density when compared with human limb muscle and muscles of other species. The presence of additional laminin isoforms other than laminin-2 in the BM of the extrasynaptic sarcolemma could partly explain the sparing of the EOMs in Lnalpha2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy.
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| 18. |
- Yu, Ji-Guo, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for myofibril remodeling as opposed to myofibril damage in human muscles with DOMS : an ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 121:3, s. 219-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The myofibrillar and cytoskeletal alterations observed in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) caused by eccentric exercise are generally considered to represent damage. By contrast our recent immunohistochemical studies suggested that the alterations reflect myofibrillar remodeling (Yu and Thornell 2002; Yu et al. 2003). In the present study the same human muscle biopsies were further analyzed with transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. We show that the ultrastructural hallmarks of DOMS, Z-disc streaming, Z-disc smearing, and Z-disc disruption were present in the biopsies and were significantly more frequent in biopsies taken 2-3 days and 7-8 days after exercise than in those from controls and 1 h after exercise. Four main types of changes were observed: amorphous widened Z-discs, amorphous sarcomeres, double Z-discs, and supernumerary sarcomeres. We confirm by immunoelectron microscopy that the main Z-disc protein alpha-actinin is not present in Z-disc alterations or in the links of electron-dense material between Z-discs in longitudinal register. These alterations were related to an increase of F-actin and desmin, where F-actin was present within the strands of amorphous material. Desmin, on the other hand, was seen in less dense regions of the alterations. Our results strongly support that the myofibrillar and cytoskeletal alterations, considered to be the hallmarks of DOMS, reflect an adaptive remodeling of the myofibrils
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