| 82511. |
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| 82512. |
- Krook, Magnus, 1968
(författare)
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Nature and Metamorphosis: A Study of Carl Adolph Agardh’s Latin Dissertations and Monographs on Botany and Biology
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carl Adolph Agardh (1785-1859), professor of botany and practical economy at Lund University, published a large corpus of Latin dissertations and monographs on the subjects of plant systematisation and plant physiology which merit a thorough examination both on account of their importance for the then contemporary natural science but also as they in hindsight consitute a corpus of Latin texts from the last period in which Latin was still a viable means of communication in the scientific community. Agardh’s most distinguished contribution to botany and biology is found in his works on algae, their systematisation and their physiology. An outcome of the latter is a theory concerning the metamorphosis of algae. The aim of the study is to analyse how Agardh verbalises these instances of metamorphosis in his Latin works, with a focus on the dissertation De metamorphosi algarum from 1820.To understand the observations of metamorphosis, Agardh’s underlying conception of nature is first examined. It displays influences from German idealism, in particular from the German philosopher F. J. W. von Schelling, from the Swedish Linnaean tradition, and from vitalism, a theory which was then prevalent among international naturalists. The outcome of the analysis of the verbalisations of metamorphosis is that Agardh neither establishes a defined terminology nor coins any neologisms to cope with the descriptions of metamorphosis. Instead, he uses already extant non-technical Latin terms and expressions signifying change to provide detailed and exact descriptions of each instance of metamorphosis. Thus, Agardh’s verbalisations ofcthe observations of metamorphosis show that a defined Latin terminology is not a prerequisite for exactness in scientific descriptions.
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| 82513. |
- Kroon Lundell, Åsa, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Live co-produced news : emerging forms of newsproduction and presentation on the web
- 2013
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Ingår i: Media Culture and Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0163-4437 .- 1460-3675. ; 35:5, s. 620-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New technologies offer new interactional possibilities for news journalism, but they also pose a challenge to broadcasters who are accustomed to the practices of ‘old’ television news. The web is one such arena where broadcasters are in the process of mastering a sense of sociability (Scannell 1996, 2010) and ‘communicative ease’ (cf. Hutchby, 2006) in relation to audiences. They struggle to find ways to engage audiences in the roles of both viewers and users in line with the technological affordances of the web. Rather little attention has yet been paid to how the general sociability of broadcasting is influenced by the development of digital media. This study presents a case of how broadcasters orient to their audience(s) in a so-called live news co-production on the web. The main point is to highlight both possibilities and dilemmas in the management of audience-oriented activities on a new technological platform with its different conditions for production and reception. We argue that broadcasters interested in producing web news both need to adhere to the professional principles and standards of ordinary broadcasting, and at the same time show that they are competent enough to also produce unpolished, layman-like material normally associated with unprofessionality.
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| 82514. |
- Kroon, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Chronotherapy with a glucokinase activator profoundly improves metabolism in obese Zucker rats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science translational medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 14:668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circadian rhythms play a critical role in regulating metabolism, including daily cycles of feeding/fasting. Glucokinase (GCK) is central for whole-body glucose homeostasis and oscillates according to a circadian clock. GCK activators (GKAs) effectively reduce hyperglycemia, but their use is also associated with hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Given the circadian rhythmicity and natural postprandial activation of GCK, we hypothesized that GKA treatment would benefit from being timed specifically during feeding periods. Acute treatment of obese Zucker rats with the GKA AZD1656 robustly increased flux into all major metabolic pathways of glucose disposal, enhancing glucose elimination. Four weeks of continuous AZD1656 treatment of obese Zucker rats improved glycemic control; however, hepatic steatosis and inflammation manifested. In contrast, timing AZD1656 to feeding periods robustly reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in addition to improving glycemia, whereas treatment timed to fasting periods caused overall detrimental metabolic effects. Mechanistically, timing AZD1656 to feeding periods diverted newly synthesized lipid toward direct VLDL secretion rather than intrahepatic storage. In line with increased hepatic insulin signaling, timing AZD1656 to feeding resulted in robust activation of AKT, mTOR, and SREBP-1C after glucose loading, pathways known to regulate VLDL secretion and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. In conclusion, intermittent AZD1656 treatment timed to feeding periods promotes glucose disposal when needed the most, restores metabolic flexibility and hepatic insulin sensitivity, and thereby avoids hepatic steatosis. Thus, chronotherapeutic approaches may benefit the development of GKAs and other drugs acting on metabolic targets.
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| 82515. |
- Kroon, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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PPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key transcription factors that regulate adipose development and function, and the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes. Here we investigated whether PPARα and PPARγ activation synergize to induce the browning of white fat. Methods: A selection of PPAR activators was tested for their ability to induce the browning of both mouse and human white adipocytes in vitro, and in vivo in lean and obese mice. Results: All dual PPARα/γ activators tested robustly increased uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in both mouse and human adipocytes in vitro, with tesaglitazar leading to the largest Ucp1 induction. Importantly, dual PPARα/γ activator tesaglitazar strongly induced browning of white fat in vivo in both lean and obese male mice at thermoneutrality, greatly exceeding the increase in Ucp1 observed with the selective PPARγ activator rosiglitazone. While selective PPARγ activation was sufficient for the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes in vitro, dual PPARα/γ activation was superior to selective PPARγ activation at inducing white fat browning in vivo. Mechanistically, the superiority of dual PPARα/γ activators is mediated at least in part via a PPARα-driven increase in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Combined treatment with rosiglitazone and FGF21 resulted in a synergistic increase in Ucp1 mRNA levels both in vitro and in vivo. Tesaglitazar-induced browning was associated with increased energy expenditure, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced liver steatosis, and an overall improved metabolic profile compared to rosiglitazone and vehicle control groups. Conclusions: PPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo, via PPARγ activation in adipose, and PPARα-mediated increase in FGF21. © 2020 The Authors
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| 82516. |
- Kroon, Ulla-Beth, et al.
(författare)
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Fast-track hysterectomy: a randomised, controlled study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7654 .- 0301-2115. ; 151:2, s. 203-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate if intrathecally administered morphine combined with a low-dose mode of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) accelerates recovery after abdominal surgery as compared, to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) combined with anaesthesia, based on volatile anaesthetics.
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| 82517. |
- Kroon, Åsa, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska folkets spelande och attityder till reklam för nätcasinon
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Regntunga skyar. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, SOM-institutet. - 9789189673472 ; , s. 383-399
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spelreklam uppfattas som ett kontroversiellt ämne. Det beror på att spelreklam antas kunna förvärra människors problemspelande. Forskningen kan dock bara i mycket begränsad omfattning påvisa en sådan relation. Resultaten som presenteras i det här kapitlet visar att det finns en stark opinion för att förbjuda reklam för nätcasinospel i Sverige. De demonstrerar även att det finns ett samband mellan en vilja att förbjuda sådan reklam och negativa attityder till spelreklam i allmänhet. Resultaten i kapitlet tydliggör även att bakgrundsfaktorer som klass eller eget spelande inte inverkar på om man stöder förbudet för nätcasinoreklam eller inte. Vi menar att det finns anled-ning att tro att våra attityder till spelreklam i allmänhet och nätcasinospel i synnerhet påverkas av den strida strömmen av spelreklam under senare år, liksom av den starkt negativa debatten om spelreklam och nätkasinoreklam som drivits på från politiskt håll.
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| 82518. |
- Kroonen, Guus, et al.
(författare)
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New Directions in Archaeogenetics and Archaeolinguistics: Recapitulation and Outlook
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics / edited by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, Eske Willerslev. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 329-338
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the implications of the presented results, and how the suggest a new way forward for interdisciplinary research. A model is presented.
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| 82519. |
- Kroos, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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Update of the Pompe disease mutation database with 107 sequence variants and a format for severity rating.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1098-1004 .- 1059-7794. ; 29:6, s. E13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pompe disease was named after the Dutch pathologist Dr JC Pompe who reported about a deceased infant with idiopathic hypertrophy of the heart. The clinical findings were failure to thrive, generalized muscle weakness and cardio-respiratory failure. The key pathologic finding was massive storage of glycogen in heart, skeletal muscle and many other tissues. The disease was classified as glycogen storage disease type II and decades later shown to be a lysosomal disorder caused by acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. The clinical spectrum of Pompe disease appeared much broader than originally recognized. Adults with the same enzyme deficiency, alternatively named acid maltase deficiency, were reported to have slowly progressive skeletal muscle weakness and respiratory problems, but no cardiac involvement. The clinical heterogeneity is largely explained by the kind and severity of mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase gene (GAA), but secondary factors, as yet unknown, have a substantial impact. The Pompe disease mutation database aims to list all GAA sequence variations and describe their effect. This update with 107 sequence variations (95 being novel) brings the number of published variations to 289, the number of non-pathogenic mutations to 67 and the number of proven pathogenic mutations to 197. Further, this article introduces a tool to rate the various mutations by severity, which will improve understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation and facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis in Pompe disease.
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| 82520. |
- Krop, I., et al.
(författare)
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A putative role for psoriasin in breast tumor progression
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. ; 65:24, s. 11326-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psoriasin (S100A7) was identifi;ed as a gene highly expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes and highly and more frequently expressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than in invasive breast carcinomas (IBC), suggesting a potential role in tumor progression. Psoriasin expression is associated with poor prognostic factors in both DCIS and IBC. Several putative functions have been proposed for psoriasin in various disease types, but none of these can fully explain its involvement in breast tumor progression. Here, we show that down-regulation of endogenous psoriasin expression via stable short hairpin RNAs in a human IBC cell line (MDA-MB-468) increases cell migration and invasion without influencing cell proliferation and survival in vitro but inhibits tumor growth in vivo. These seemingly paradoxical results are potentially explained by the dramatic up-regulation and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, observed in cells with decreased psoriasin levels compared with controls. Correlating with this, high psoriasin expression in human IBC is associated with increased angiogenesis and worse clinical outcome, and psoriasin mRNA levels are coordinately regulated with VEGF and other genes related to hypoxia and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on these results, we propose that psoriasin may play a role in breast tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis and enhancing the selection for cells that overcome its anti-invasive function. This hypothesis may explain why psoriasin expression is highest in high-grade and/or estrogen receptor-negative tumors, as these are associated with increased hypoxia and ROS, a setting in which the angiogenic effects of psoriasin are most important.
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