| 82511. |
- Kugelberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Glucocorticoid eye drops inhibit growth in the newborn rabbit.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 94:8, s. 1096-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate if postoperative treatment with dexamethasone eye drops has the capacity to affect longitudinal growth in newborn rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-four male and female rabbits had clear lens extraction performed in one eye at 3 wk of age and were then treated either intensively (group 1) or less intensively (group 2) with de-escalating doses of dexamethasone eye drops for 8 wk (average doses 0.27 and 0.10 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively). The control group (group 3) received vehicle eye drops only. Body weight and crown-rump length were recorded every week. After 8 wk of treatment, all rabbits were killed and the left femur was measured. RESULTS: Rabbits treated with dexamethasone eye drops gained weight slower (711+/-42 and 989+/-153 g weight increase for groups 1 and 2, respectively) than control animals (group 3; 1224+/-87 g weight increase; p<0.001 vs group 1, p<0.01 vs group 2). Longitudinal growth, determined as increase in crown-rump and femur lengths, was impaired by dexamethasone eye drops in a dose-dependent way. Crown-rump length increased by 8.25+/-0.86, 10.90+/-1.19 and 15.35+/-1.31 cm in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.001 for all comparisons). At endpoint, i.e. after 8 wk of treatment, the average femur length was 6.36+/-0.21, 7.39+/-0.27 and 8.37+/-0.28 cm in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone, administered topically as eye drops, has systemic effects and impairs longitudinal growth in young rabbits. Therefore, we propose that growth should be closely monitored in all children intensively treated with glucocorticoid eye drops.
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| 82512. |
- Kugelberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced bone mineral density and radial bone growth in young rabbits treated with dexamethasone eye drops.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 63:4, s. 165-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexamethasone eye drops on bone metabolism in newborn rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-four 3-week-old rabbits had unilateral clear lens extraction and were randomized into three groups. Postoperatively, group 1 received high-dose and group 2 low-dose dexamethasone eye drops (average doses 0.27 and 0.10 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively). These rabbits also received a postoperative subconjunctival injection of betamethasone. Group 3 (control) received vehicle eye drops only. After 8 weeks of treatment, all animals were killed and the left femurs were isolated and subjected to peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analyses. RESULTS: DXA showed that rabbits treated with either a high or low dose of dexamethasone eye drops had significantly reduced areal bone mineral density (BMD), area and total bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur. Measurements with pQCT demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in cortical BMC, cortical volumetric BMD and cortical area. These effects were associated with an inhibition of radial femur growth, cortical thickness and periosteal and endosteal circumferences. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone eye drops have systemic effects affecting several bone parameters in young rabbits. Any long-term systemic effects of ocular glucocorticoids need to be further studied.
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| 82513. |
- Kugler, T., et al.
(författare)
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Are groups more rational than individuals? A review of interactive decision making in groups
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science. - : Wiley. - 1939-5078. ; 3:4, s. 471-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many decisions are interactive; the outcome of one party depends not only on its decisions or on acts of nature but also on the decisions of others. Standard game theory assumes that individuals are rational, self-interested decision makersthat is, decision makers are selfish, perfect calculators, and flawless executors of their strategies. A myriad of studies shows that these assumptions are problematic, at least when examining decisions made by individuals. In this article, we review the literature of the last 25 years on decision making by groups. Researchers have compared the strategic behavior of groups and individuals in many games: prisoner's dilemma, dictator, ultimatum, trust, centipede and principalagent games, among others. Our review suggests that results are quite consistent in revealing that group decisions are closer to the game-theoretic assumption of rationality than individual decisions. Given that many real-world decisions are made by groups, it is possible to argue that standard game theory is a better descriptive model than previously believed by experimental researchers. We conclude by discussing future research avenues in this area. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:471482. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1184 For further resources related to this article, please visit the .
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| 82514. |
- Kuhl, I., et al.
(författare)
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POLRMT regulates the switch between replication primer formation and gene expression of mammalian mtDNA
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 2:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondria are vital in providing cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). Transcription of the circular mammalian mtDNA depends on a single mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). Although the transcription initiation process is well understood, it is debated whether POLRMT also serves as the primase for the initiation of mtDNA replication. In the nucleus, the RNA polymerases needed for gene expression have no such role. Conditional knockout of Polrmt in the heart results in severe mitochondrial dysfunction causing dilated cardiomyopathy in young mice. We further studied the molecular consequences of different expression levels of POLRMT and found that POLRMT is essential for primer synthesis to initiate mtDNA replication in vivo. Furthermore, transcription initiation for primer formation has priority over gene expression. Surprisingly, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) exists in an mtDNA-free pool in the Polrmt knockout mice. TFAM levels remain unchanged despite strong mtDNA depletion, and TFAM is thus protected from degradation of the AAA(+) Lon protease in the absence of POLRMT. Last, we report that mitochondrial transcription elongation factor may compensate for a partial depletion of POLRMT in heterozygous Polrmt knockout mice, indicating a direct regulatory role of this factor in transcription. In conclusion, we present in vivo evidence that POLRMT has a key regulatory role in the replication of mammalian mtDNA and is part of a transcriptional mechanism that provides a switch between primer formation for mtDNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression.
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| 82515. |
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| 82516. |
- Kuhle, J., et al.
(författare)
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Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 21:8, s. 1013-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: We explored which clinical and biochemical variables predict conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in a large international cohort. Methods: Thirty-three centres provided serum samples from 1047 CIS cases with at least two years' follow-up. Age, sex, clinical presentation, T2-hyperintense lesions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs), CSF IgG index, CSF cell count, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D), cotinine and IgG titres against Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) and cytomegalovirus were tested for association with risk of CDMS. Results: At median follow-up of 4.31 years, 623 CIS cases converted to CDMS. Predictors of conversion in multivariable analyses were OCB (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.71-2.77, p < 0.001), number of T2 lesions (two to nine lesions vs 0/1 lesions: HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.52-2.55, p < 0.001; >9 lesions vs 0/1 lesions: HR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.04-3.68, p < 0.001) and age at CIS (HR per year inversely increase = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.98-0.99, p < 0.001). Lower 25-OH-D levels were associated with CDMS in univariable analysis, but this was attenuated in the multivariable model. OCB positivity was associated with higher EBNA-1 IgG titres. Conclusions: We validated MRI lesion load, OCB and age at CIS as the strongest independent predictors of conversion to CDMS in this multicentre setting. A role for vitamin D is suggested but requires further investigation.
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| 82517. |
- Kuhle, J, et al.
(författare)
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Neurofilament light and heavy subunits compared as therapeutic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 128:6, s. e33-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurofilaments are promising biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) and increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicate axonal damage or degeneration. In a previous study, neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in CSF of relapsing remitting (RR) patients with MS were normalized by natalizumab treatment.We compared the coherence between NfL and neurofilament heavy chain (NfH(SMI) (35) ) levels in longitudinal CSF samples in a subset of these patients.In 30 patients with RRMS, CSF was obtained prior to and following 12 months of natalizumab treatment. NfH(SMI) (35) was measured by an electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay. NfL levels were determined previously by the UmanDiagnostics NF-light(®) assay.NfH(SMI) (35) decreased in 73.3% and NfL in 90% of the patients following natalizumab treatment (32.4 vs 27.4 pg/ml, P = 0.002 and 820 vs 375 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). Patients experiencing a relapse showed higher NfH(SMI) (35) levels compared with patients in remission (47.7 vs 27.6 pg/ml, n = 8, P = 0.001). This difference was less obvious for NfL (1055 vs 725 pg/ml, P = 0.256). In patients in remission, NfL levels were lower following natalizumab treatment (830 vs 365 pg/ml, n = 20, P = 0.0002), whereas the same comparison failed significance for NfH(SMI) (35) (28.3 vs 26.9 pg/ml, P = 0.086).We confirm previous findings, indicating reduced axonal damage under natalizumab treatment by measuring NfH(SMI) (35) , using an assay with independent methodology. In comparison with NfH(SMI) (35) , NfL changes were more pronounced and the treatment effect also included patients in remission. Our results suggest that NfL is superior over NfH(SMI) (35) as therapeutic biomarker and is a promising candidate to measure neuroaxonal damage in MS treatment trials.
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| 82518. |
- Kuhlin, Fanny, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term impact of the coach-athlete relationship on development, health, and wellbeing : stories from a figure skater
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sports Coaching Review. - : Routledge. - 2164-0629 .- 2164-0637. ; 9:2, s. 208-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coaches have been shown to detriment athletes’ health, well-being and development. Knowledge of this long-term effect and what it means for athletes to live with such stories is under-explored. Using self-narrative, we examine the long-lasting impact of the coach-athlete relationship in the stories of a former figure skater, Fanny. Guided by Arthur Frank’s dialogical analysis, we present creative non-fictional stories to show how Fanny made sense of her figure skating experiences, which were framed by a sport investment narrative and a career-wrecking injury that terminated her dream of becoming a professional figure skater. We suggest that if handled as an act of self-care, storytelling can re-configure the dominant coach-athlete relationship and sport investment narrative and help athletes to understand and reconstruct their stories. Finally, we reflect upon the impact of Fanny’s story on her advisers and consider the pedagogical implications of such narrative work in sport coaching and sport education.
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| 82519. |
- Kuhlmann, A., et al.
(författare)
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The Kenevo microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee compared with non-microprocessor-controlled knees in individuals older than 65 years in Sweden : A cost-effectiveness and budget-impact analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0309-3646 .- 1746-1553. ; 46:5, s. 414-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that individuals with transfemoral amputation or knee disarticulation using a prosthesis equipped with a microprocessor-controlled knee (MPK) benefit from enhanced mobility and safety, including less falls. In elderly individuals, high mortality rates are assumed to reduce the expected useful life of MPKs, and this raises concerns regarding their economic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the Kenevo/MPK (Ottobock, Germany) compared with non-microprocessor-controlled knees (NMPKs) in people older than 65 years at the time of transfemoral amputation/knee disarticulation, from a Swedish payer's perspective. METHODS: A decision-analytic model was developed to conduct the economic analysis of the Kenevo/MPK. Model parameters were derived from Swedish databases and published literature. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to explore parameter uncertainty. RESULTS: Compared with NMPKs, the Kenevo/MPK reduced the frequency of hospitalizations by 137 per 1,000 person years while the frequency of fatal falls was reduced by 19 per 1,000 person-years in the simulation. Over a 25-year time horizon, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was EUR11,369 per quality-adjusted life year. The probability of the MPK being cost-effective at a threshold of EUR40,000 per quality-adjusted life year was 99%. The 5-year budget impact model predicted an increase in payer expenditure of EUR1.76 million if all new patients received a Kenevo/MPK, and 50% of current NMPK users switched to the MPK. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the modeling suggest that the Kenevo/MPK is likely to be cost-effective for elderly individuals, primarily because of a reduction in falls.
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| 82520. |
- Kuhlmann-Berenzon, S., et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for large-scale factors in the study of understory vegetation using a conditional logistic model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental and Ecological Statistics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1352-8505 .- 1573-3009. ; 14:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local-scale and large-scale factors can affect the presence of a species of understory vegetation in the forest. Local-scale factors may be the influence of surrounding trees, while climate and latitude are typically considered large-scale factors. A model for the presence of a species needs to take into account both scales. A conditional logistic model is proposed for those studies where only the local-scale factors are of interest and that avoids estimating the large-scale parameters. Conditioning is carried out by the number of quadrats in the plot where the vegetation is found. As the latter is a sufficient statistic for the large-scale factors, a model free from these parameters is obtained. Data gathered in the permanent sample plots of the 1985-1986 National Forest Inventory of Finland is used for illustration, where the local-scale factor of interest is the influence of the trees, quantified by an index based on the size and location of the trees. The model fitted to Vaccinium vitis-idaea showed a significant and positive influence of Scots pine on the presence of this species, while for Calamagrostis arundinacea, a decrease in the odds ratio was observed due to the influence of Norway spruce.
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