| 51. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation in Planning of Production and Working Environments Supported by Computer Graphics
- 1996
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing. - 1045-2699. ; 6:2, s. 101-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology for studying change processes in working life combining computer-aided planning and cooperation in project groups is evaluated. The methodology is applied and studied in a planning workshop with representatives from manufacturing industries—managers, production engineers, supervisors as well as shop floor workers—and from health-and-safety agencies utilizing the methodology for planning of production, layout, and working environment. The results are presented and discussed with respect to cooperation in project groups, outline of proposals, topics of discussion, and pictures as planning tools.
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| 52. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Planning Working Environment and Production by Using Paper Drawings and Computer Animation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 40:3, s. 334-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is assumed that pictorial visualization can be used to facilitate communication between industrial professionals when planning working environments and production. This article analyses how managers, supervisors, machine operators, and occupational health and safety officials, accustomed to using both paper drawings and computer animation of both shop floor and workplace view, evaluate these four types of visualization in relation to a set of planning issues. Twenty-four subjects participated in a controlled two-day planning workshop. They designed a new production layout by means of computer graphics, and responded to a questionnaire. From the analysis it may be concluded that the four types of visualization are unique enough to be evaluated differently with regard to some of the planning issues. Hence, great care should be devoted to analysing what features a visualization of a production layout or a working environment aims at illustrating. Furthermore, it can be concluded that each of the four types of visualization seems to be significant for planning activities in ways that can be anticipated. Shop floor view and workplace view is valuable for planning issues related to survey of a plant and specific machines, respectively. Computer animation is in general preferable to a paper drawing concerning dynamic planning issues. Computer animation of workplace view is valuable for planning issues related to working environment considerations. All of the four types of visualization are less significant for illustrating or describing physical factors of the working environment.
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| 53. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Rörlig bild som metod för dialog i arbetslivet
- 1989
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Ingår i: Nordisk Ergonomi. ; :3-4, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med denna rapport är att presentera delresultat från forskningsprojektet "Dynamisk Beskrivning med Datorstödd Bild" (DBDB). I projektet arbetar psykologer, arkitekter och arbetsmiljötekniker med att utveckla och utvärdera dels tredimensionella rörliga bilder (verklighetstrogen animering) och simulering på dator, dels en beteendevetenskaplig metod och samarbetsform. Syftet är att skapa förutsättningar för bättre dialog och samverkan i en organisation. Med samverkan menas att olika personalkategorier gemensamt deltar i planering och utveckling av verksamheten. Projektet syftar även till att utveckla rörliga bilder och simulering som hjälpmedel för utbildning och kompetensutveckling. Arbetet påbörjades i januari 1988. Hittills har två pilotstudier genomförts och en större fallstudie avslutas under maj månad. Projektet är ett resultat av de ansträngningar som görs för att bygga upp nätverk för samarbete mellan olika vetenskapliga discipliner vid Lunds Universitet. Samarbetet går under arbetsnamnet MTA (Människan, Tekniken och Arbetslivet)- Forskningsprojektet är finansierat av Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling och Arbetsmiljöfonden i deras gemensamma MDA-program (Människan, Datortekniken och Arbetslivet). Till projektet hör även en referensgrupp med företrädare för SACO, TCO, LO, SAF och MDA.
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| 54. |
- Berling, Clas, et al.
(författare)
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Deploying Goals and Measuring Efficiency in an Academic Organisation. A Pilot Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Building People and Organizational Excellence. ; , s. 342-346
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many organizations it is considered of vital importance to translate its vision and strategy into objectives, to determine the best means of achieving these and to review the results – with participation from all members, from management to shop floor. The objective of this study was to make a first test of a method that could be applied for verbalizing and communicating a common vision and identify critical objectives concentrating on nonfinancial measures in an academic research organization. Being a rather heterogeneous multidisciplinary centre the focus was on critical issues, which could promote organizational alignment. Three different systems that could be applicable were identified: Balanced Scorecard, hoshin kanri and ProMES. A design team was formed to formulate objectives and measurements. They found that it was a far from easy task to identify relevant objectives for the organization and especially to establish their different importance. The discussions led to a more common view and agreement about issues that had to be given more attention.
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| 55. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) - A Pilot Study Exploring Participation and Empowerment Before Implementing New Technology and Work Procedures
- 2006
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Ingår i: Developments in Human Factors in Transportation, Design, and Evaluation. - 9789042302976 ; , s. 237-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressure on European air-traffic logistics increases, both at the airports and in the sky, as the passenger rate increases. Handling airborne aircraft is becoming more rationalized as an effect of sophisticated technology and lower separation-minima. Technological and legal development at airports is lagging behind causing delays. Airport operations might be more efficient by increasing accurate flight-related information to the ground handlers serving the aircraft and the passengers during the turn-round processes. Increased collaboration between airport actors may stimulate optimal decision making with regard to the aircraft turn-round processes. Several change projects at European airports focus on increased airport efficiency gathered under a EUROCONTROL initiative. The concept being implemented, called Collaborative Decision Making (CDM), consists of new information-carrying technology and work procedures. The social and psychological aspects of implementing the CDM concept were studied during the pre-implementation phases at a European airport. The purpose was to exploratorily analyse the involved employees’ participation and empowerment preceding the implementation, and how that affected the employees’ attitudes and emotions toward CDM. Fourteen respondents from five airport organisations were interviewed. The results showed low level of participation and empowerment, affecting attitudes and emotions negatively towards the planning, preparation, and development phases preceding the CDM implementation. Attitudes and emotions toward the CDM concept were not affected.
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| 56. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing “medarbetarskap” as a concept facilitating work related relationships: Theoretical considerations in an airport change process.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human Factors Issues in Complex System Performance. - 9789042303256 ; , s. 497-509
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Air Navigation Service Provider, Luftfartsverket, together with Stockholm-Arlanda airport are implementing a new socio-technical concept called collaborative decision making. New technology and work procedures in collaborative decision making are directly affecting all organizations in an airplane turn-round process, and indirectly affecting legislators, authorities, suppliers, and passengers. A change of this magnitude needs a holistic approach covering the relationships among affected stakeholders. Medarbetarskap is introduced as a theoretical, ideological, and practical concept focusing on relationships based on democratic values, free and open communication, and experiential learning processes. Furthermore, medarbetarskap favours an intra-, and inter-organizational structure to align management/leadership, staff/workers, and work tasks at different systematic levels and different organizations to reach a common understanding of what is important in any given situation. From a psychological perspective, medarbetarskap facilitates learning via communication and reflection to develop knowledge about human behaviour and relationships from an individual to a societal level. The introduction of collaborative decision making will be examined from the starting-point that medarbetarskap facilitates the change process and daily operations at Stockholm-Arlanda airport by increasing horizontal and vertical collaboration, commitment, ability to influence, buy-in, empowerment, and by decreasing the gap between the technical and socio-organizational implementation process.
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| 57. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from Near-Accidents
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - 1473-0200. ; , s. 89-92
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An Analytical Procedure for Determining Chromium in Samples of Airborne Dust
- 1979
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 22:3, s. 241-251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedA method is described for assessing occupational exposures to chromium aerosols; it involves four procedures. The first, proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), measures the total chromium,. The second, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), measures the oxidation state of the particle surfaces, and the third, which uses sym-diphenylcarbazide (DPC), measures the proportion of water-soluble chromium VI. The fourth, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), provides information about the size and shape of the particles and guides the interpretation of the ESCA-data.The multielemental nature of PIXE-analysis is advantageous in eliminating the possibility of interference in the DPC-method and in eliminating chromium compounds from the tentative list of existing health hazards in the smoke. These methods were applied to the analysis of samples of fume produced in welding, and information was obtained for the amounts of soluble and insoluble chromium (III and VI) in samples of different aerosols.
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| 60. |
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