| 11. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Emotions, Morality and Public Goods: The WTA-WTP Disparity Revisited
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Empirical evidence suggests that people´s maximum willingness to pay for having a good is often substantially lower than their minimum willingness to accept not having it, and that this discrepancy tends to be especially large when valuing public goods. This paper hypothesizes that differences in emotions (e.g. regret) and moral perceptions can account for much of this discrepancy for public goods. A simple, real-money dichotomous-choice experiment is set up to test these hypotheses, which are largely supported.
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| 12. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Fair and actual degrees of cooperation: Effects of others’ behavior and temporal separation of responses
- 2005
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Ingår i: Paper presented at “The 11th international conference on social dilemmas”, Krakow, Poland..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present experiment were to investigate what information people in a public good dilemma base their ratings of fair cooperation rates on, and whether they tailor their ratings of fairness and their behavior to fit each other. Results indicate that the high correlations between fair and actual cooperation rates observed in previous research are misleading. When asked about fair de-grees of cooperation prior to making the own decision, people tailor their re-sponses. When the measures are separated in time, the correlations become more modest. Results also demonstrate that people use others’ behavior to determine what a fair degree of cooperation is
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual and value-guided consumer behaviour.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 14th General Meeting of EAESP, Würtzburg, Germany, 19-23 July 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer behaviour may be more or less guided by deliberate processes. In a deliberate phase, people are more attentive to, and, given the right circumstances, more influenced by values in their choice of products. When in a less deliberate phase consumers may fall back on habits and choose in a routine manner. This prediction was tested in a computer-based experiment, where participants purchased products in a simulated shop. They were randomly assigned to one of eight groups defined by whether they purchased under time pressure or not, whether an environmental value was primed or not, and whether ”organic food”-labels were salient or not. A discreetly placed “organic food”-poster at the entrance of the store was used to prime, or unobtrusively remind the consumer of an environmental value. Participants were unaware of this manipulation. As predicted, time pressure increased the likelihood of a habitual choice (as measured in a questionnaire) and inhibited directly value-guided choices. In addition, the poster, in combination with salient “organic food”-labels on the products, increased the likelihood of a choice directly guided by environmental values, but only under no time pressure.
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| 15. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual and value-guided purchase behaviour.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Invited paper presented at the Food 21 Symposium Towards Sustainable Production and Consumption, Uppsala, Sweden..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual and value-guided purchase behaviour
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ambio: a journal of the human environment. ; 34:4/5, s. 360-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Society increasingly requests that individuals adopt environmentally benign be-haviour. Information campaigns purported to change people’s attitudes are often regarded as a pre-requisite to install such changes. While such information may be a necessary step, it is not a sufficient condition. We argue that much everyday behaviour with environmental consequences is habitual in kind, and that little attention is given to information directed toward changing these habitual behav-iours. In other instances, behaviour is guided by values in a more reflective proc-ess. However, other information besides environmental consequences may draw a person’s attention and affect behavioural choice. Using surveys and experimental studies targeting consumer behaviour, we have studied under what conditions different kinds of information is likely to influence people with varying levels of environmental concern. Based on results from these studies, implications for be-havioural change are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Religious values and environmental concern: Harmony and detachment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Social Science Quarterly. ; 86:1, s. 178-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thought that environmental concern is rooted in religious beliefs and values has been raised by many writers. Different claims have been made about whether the nature of this relationship is positive or negative, and empirical evidence is mixed. In line with research on attitudes and values, the objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis that unless religious values are mentally accessible, they will not affect judgments of environmental issues. Two environmental is-sues, genetically modified crops and more traditional environmental issues, for example, air pollution from traffic, are chosen to represent accessibility and non-accessibility, respectively. A two-wave data set from a national survey is ana-lyzed. Results support the suggestion that religious values will affect the judg-ment of environmental threats of the first, but not the second issue. In conclu-sion, these findings suggest that situational cues partly determine which values embodied in religion that will influence environmental attitudes.
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| 18. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948
(författare)
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The conceptual framework of social dilemmas
- 2008
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Ingår i: New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas. - New York : Springer. - 9780387725956 ; , s. 1-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social dilemmas capture significant problems in society such as tax evasion, scarcity of natural resources and human contributions to climate change. These problems are often adhered to in the research community, motivating the studies that are presented. As a consequence, those concerned with the problems, either as policy makers or as victims, may request that scientists have something to say about potential solutions to social dilemmas. To live up to expectations, properties of relevance for behavioural decisions in social dilemmas should be incorporated in the research design in that findings can be generalized to situations where the phenomenon under investigation naturally occurs.
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| 19. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap revisited: The role of emotions and moral satisfaction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. ; 32:6, s. 908-917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While many earlier studies have found that people’s maximum willingness to pay for having a good is often substantially lower than their minimum willingness to accept not having it, more recent experimental evidence suggests that this discrepancy vanishes for standard consumption goods when an incentive-compatible design without misconceptions is used. This paper hypothesises that there is nevertheless a discrepancy for goods with a perceived moral character, such as contributions to a good cause, and moreover that the reason for this discrepancy can largely be explained by differences in emotions and moral perceptions. The results from a real-money dichotomous-choice experiment, combined with measurements of emotions and morality, are consistent with these hypotheses
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| 20. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Values and habits: A dual-process model. In S
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environment, information and consumer behaviour. - : Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ; , s. 33-49
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Earlier research has shown that there is a relationship between life values and importance attached to information, as well as a relationship between impor-tance attached to information and preference change. This is true also for the en-vironmental domain. Given that a person holds environmental values to be cen-tral, he or she is more likely to attach importance to environmental product in-formation than a person who’s environmental values are more peripheral and, as a consequence, also more likely to choose eco-labelled products. Our own research points in the same direction. We also extend earlier findings showing that nega-tive information (this is bad for the environment) carries greater weight than positive information (this is better for the environment) for consumers who hold environmental values to be of moderate importance. However, product choice is not always guided by a deliberate process. Our data show that consumers may also fall back on habits and choose in a routine manner. When this is the case past behaviour, or habits, mediates the effect of value centrality on choice of eco-labelled products. A dual-process model is introduced to account for these find-ings.
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