| 6651. |
- Vinterek, Monika, 1956-
(författare)
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How to live democracy in the classroom
- 2010
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - Umeå : Umeå School of Education, Umeå University, Sweden. - 2000-4508. ; 1:4, s. 367-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study presented in this article is to explore the teaching of pupils in relation to their behaviour and attitudes in everyday work in the classroom. It is the educational objectives associated with democracy linked to the teacher’s teaching and fostering actions that are of main interest. The results are based on an analysis of data from 120 hours of classroom observations and contextualised interviews with a primary teacher during a period of one and a half years. Using data from audio recordings and notes taken from observations, I have analysed the pupils’ behaviour and attitudes in relation to educational objectives and the teacher’s teaching and fostering actions. A democracy stance and democracy signs are important concepts used in the study. My conclusion is that the way democracy is thought and lived in this classroom seems to hold great potential for promoting knowledge in and about democracy.
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| 6652. |
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| 6653. |
- Vinterek, Monika, 1956-
(författare)
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Sätt att organisera för att individanpassa skolgången
- 2010
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Ingår i: I rättan tid. - Stockholm : Fritzes. - 9789138234471 ; , s. 265-292
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kunskapsöversikten nedan rör fältet individualisering och åldersblandade klasser med aspekter som har bäring på utredningens uppdrag enligt kommittédirektiven 2009:98. Regeringen har gjort bedömningen att förutsättningarna för eleverna att nå målen förbättras genom att man ökar individanpassningen så att man utgår från varje elevs förutsättningar och behov. Forskning om individualisering kan ge information om möjligheten att realisera detta i kombination med flexibel skolstart. En av tankarna bakom flexibel skolstart sägs vara att barn mognar i olika takt och implicit att barn bör börja skolan vid en viss mognad. Detta behov av att börja skolan vid viss mognad är tänkt att mötas med möjligheten att starta skolan så nära den mognadspunkten som möjligt. Flexibel skolstart kan organiseras på olika sätt antingen vid helt fria tidpunkter under läsåret eller vid ett begränsat antal tillfällen, exempelvis vid vår och höst. Väljer man den helt fria modellen får det till följd att klasserena blir årskursblandade där elever hela tiden fyller på klassen successivt. Väljer man att ha fasta startpunkter under året kvarstår möjligheten att årskursindela klasserna. Som stöd för den ena eller andra organisationsinriktningen kan forskningsresultat som jämför effekter från att organisera klasser på olika sätt vara vägledande. Begreppen individualisering och åldersblandning kommer inledningsvis att problematiseras. Därefter presenteras svensk och internationell forskning kring individualisering och effekter av olika sätt att gruppera elever. Hur olika elevgrupper påverkas kommer även att beaktas.
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| 6654. |
- Virel, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasensitive optical detection of hydrogen peroxide by triggered activation of horseradish peroxidase
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 135:9, s. 2291-2295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive byproduct of many metabolic pathways. We describe an ultra-sensitive colorimetric method to detect hydrogen peroxide based on the reconstitution of apo-horseradish peroxidase with the hemin derivative, hemin di(N,N'-acetyl-hydrazide). Oxidation of the latter by hydrogen peroxide yields hemin, which is able to reconstitute apo-horseradish peroxidase, forming an active peroxidase. We have also applied this analyte-triggered reconstitution of horseradish peroxidase to detect the activity of the enzyme glucose oxidase.
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| 6655. |
- Virén, Tuomas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative evaluation of spontaneously and surgically repaired rabbit articular cartilage using intra-articular ultrasound method in situ.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier. - 1879-291X .- 0301-5629. ; 36:5, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, a major effort has been devoted to developing surgical methods for repairing localized articular cartilage lesions. Despite some promising results no ultimate breakthrough in surgical cartilage repair has been achieved. Improvements in repair techniques would benefit from more sensitive and quantitative methods for long-term follow-up of cartilage healing. In this study, the potential of a new ultrasound technique for detecting the compositional and structural changes in articular cartilage after surgery, using recombinant human type II collagen gel and spontaneous repair was, investigated. Rabbit knee joints containing intact (n = 13) and surgically (n = 8) or spontaneously (n = 5) repaired tissue were imaged in situ at 6 months after the operation using a clinical intravascular high-frequency (40 MHz) ultrasound device. Based on the ultrasound raw data, ultrasound reflection coefficient (R), integrated ultrasound reflection coefficient (IRC), apparent integrated backscattering coefficient (AIB) and ultrasound roughness index (URI) were determined for each sample. URI was significantly higher in both repair groups than in intact cartilage (p < 0.05). The reflection parameters (R and IRC) were significantly lower in surgically repaired cartilage (p < 0.05) than in intact cartilage. Furthermore, AIB was significantly higher in surgically repaired cartilage than in intact tissue (p < 0.05). To conclude, the integrity of the rabbit articular cartilage repair could be quantitatively evaluated with the nondestructive ultrasound approach. In addition, clinically valuable qualitative information on the changes in cartilage integration, structure and composition could be extracted from the ultrasound images. In the present study, the structure and properties of repaired tissue were inferior to native tissue at 6 months after the operation. The applied ultrasound device and probes are FDA approved and, thus, applicable for the quantitative in vivo evaluation of human articular cartilage.
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| 6656. |
- Virkki, Liisa M, et al.
(författare)
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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) substitution treatment for severe fatigue in DHEA-deficient patients with primary Sjögren's Syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthritis care & research. - : Wiley. - 2151-4658 .- 2151-464X. ; 62:1, s. 118-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by fatigue and low levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA/DHEAS). Our aim was to study whether SS patients with severe fatigue and low serum DHEAS values benefit from DHEA substitution (50 mg/day). METHODS: A multicenter, investigator-based, powered, randomized controlled clinical trial (crossover, washout design) using fatigue as the primary outcome measure was performed on patients with primary SS (n = 107) who had a general fatigue score > or =14 on the 20-item Multiple Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), combined with age- and sex-adjusted serum DHEAS values below the mean. Fatigue was assessed using MFI-20 subscales, i.e., general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation, and activity (scale 4-20), and with a visual analog scale (VAS; scale 0-100). RESULTS: In an intent-to-treat analysis, a 50-mg DHEA substitution dose and placebo similarly improved fatigue. All of the MFI-20 subscales and the fatigue VAS improved from the baseline levels as a result of treatment (P < 0.001), but with negligible differences between these 2 treatments. The mean between-treatment difference was -0.1 for general fatigue (the primary outcome measure), 0.0 for physical fatigue, 0.0 for mental fatigue, 0.0 for reduced motivation, 0.3 for reduced activity, and 2.2 for the fatigue VAS. None of these differences was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Similar to earlier results using pharmacologic doses, substitution treatment with 50 mg of DHEA in DHEA-deficient and severely tired primary SS patients does not help against fatigue better than placebo. This may relate to the prohormone nature of DHEA and its recently described defective intracrine tissue-specific conversion to active sex steroids in SS.
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| 6657. |
- Virtanen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to nonpermanent employment and health : analysis of the associations with 12 health indicators
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 53:6, s. 653-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To clarify the associations of nonpermanent employment with poor health in longitudinal setting with different health outcomes.METHODS: A population cohort (n = 1071) was surveyed at the age of 30 and then again at the age of 42. They were classified according to exposure to nonpermanent employment. The outcomes included indicators of mental and somatic health and health behavior.RESULTS: When adjusted for baseline level of the outcome under study, the odds ratio of the heavily exposed was 1.90 (1.25 to 2.88) for nervous symptoms, 1.77 (1.03 to 2.05) for psychological distress, and 1.52 (1.03 to 2.25) for suboptimal mood. Among the lightly exposed, the odds ratio for psychological distress was 1.94 (1.10 to 2.10).CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress is particularly sensitive to exposure to nonpermanent employment. The effects on somatic health or health behavior should be studied only with carefully specified hypotheses.
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| 6658. |
- Virtanen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to temporary employment and job insecurity : a longitudinal study of the health effects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 68:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study analysed interactions between job insecurity and temporary employment and health. We tested the violation hypothesis (whether permanent employment increases the health risk associated with job insecurity) and the intensification hypothesis (whether temporary employment increases the health risk associated with job insecurity) in a longitudinal setting. Previous research on this topic is scarce and based on cross-sectional data.Methods A population cohort (n=1071) was surveyed at age 30 and age 42. Exposure to temporary employment during this 12-year period was elicited with a job-time matrix and measured as the score of 6-month periods. Exposure to job insecurity was measured according to the perceived threat of unemployment. Health at follow-up was assessed as optimal versus suboptimal self-rated health, sleep quality and mental health. In addition to sociodemographics and baseline health, the analyses were adjusted for exposure to unemployment, non-employment and self-employment during the 12-year period.Results 26% of participants had been exposed to temporary employment. The effect of job insecurity on health was the same in the exposed and unexposed groups, that is the violation hypothesis was not supported. Non-significant interactions between the exposures and all health outcomes also indicated null findings regarding the intensification hypothesis.Conclusions These findings suggest that perceived job insecurity can lead to adverse health effects in both permanent and temporary employees. Policies should aim to improve work-related well-being by reducing job insecurity. Efforts towards 'flexicurity' are important, but it is equally important to remember that a significant proportion of employees with a permanent contract experience job insecurity.
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| 6659. |
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| 6660. |
- Virtanen, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Supported ionic liquid catalysts (SILCA) for preparation of organic chemicals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Topics in catalysis. - : SpringerLink. - 1022-5528 .- 1572-9028. ; 53:15-18, s. 1096-1103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysts (SILCA) designed by immobilization of catalytic species residing in an ionic liquid layer, which in turn was immobilized on a solid support, were applied on the selective hydrogenation of citral in a batch reactor and in a continuous reactor. Different ionic liquids with and without addition of acid modificators were studied in terms of the catalyst activity and product selectivity. Consequently, mechanistic kinetic models describing the differences in the activity and selectivity of the catalysts consisting different ionic liquids, were developed.
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