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Sökning: WFRF:(Wirfält Elisabet)

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31.
  • Drake, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Five meal patterns are differently associated with nutrient intakes, lifestyle factors and energy misreporting in a sub-sample of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Examine how meal patterns are associated with nutrient intakes, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, and energy misreporting. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Participants reported on the overall types and frequency of meals consumed, and completed a modified dietary history, a lifestyle and socioeconomic questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. Based on the reported intake of six different meal types, meal pattern groups were distinguished using Ward's cluster analysis. Associations between meal patterns and nutrient intakes, anthropometric, lifestyle and socioeconomic variables were examined using the chi(2)-method and analysis of variance. SUBJECTS: A sub-sample of the MDC study cohort (n=28,098), consisting of 1,355 men and 1,654 women. RESULTS: Cluster analysis identified five groups of subjects with different meal patterns in both men and women. These meal pattern groups differed regarding nutrient intakes, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Subjects reporting frequent coffee meals were more likely to report an 'unhealthy' lifestyle, e.g. smoking, high alcohol consumption and low physical activity, while those with a fruit pattern reported a more 'healthy' lifestyle. Women were more likely to underreport their energy intake than men, and the degree of underreporting varied between the meal pattern groups. CONCLUSIONS: The meal pattern groups showed significant differences in dietary quality and socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. This supports previous research suggesting that diet is part of a multifaceted phenomenon. Incorporation of aspects on how foods are combined and eaten into public health advices might improve their efficiency.
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32.
  • Drake, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers for whole-grain intake and their association with prostate cancer: a Swedish nested case-control study.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 23:1, s. 73-83
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background:Observational studies have mostly found no association between self-reported whole-grain (WG) intake and prostate cancer (PCa). Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites have been suggested as biomarkers for WG intake in free-living populations. Methods:We investigated the major dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites in a nested case-control study (1,016 cases and 1817 controls) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to assess the association between plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites and PCa using logistic regression. Results:WG intake, waist circumference, educational level and smoking status were the main determinants of alkylresorcinol metabolites. We observed significant correlations between alkylresorcinol metabolites and WG (r=0.31) and fiber (r=0.27) intake. Metabolite concentration was positively associated with PCa risk (P overall effect = 0.0004) but the association was not linear (P = 0.04). The lowest risk was seen among men with moderate plasma concentrations. The OR for high compared to moderate plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10-1.80) for PCa. Conclusions:Results suggest that plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites are mainly determined by WG intake in this nested-case control study of Swedish men. The increased risk of PCa seen among men with high plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites requires further study, but residual confounding, detection bias or competing risk of non-PCa related deaths are plausible explanations that could not be ruled out. Impact:We found no evidence of a protective effect of WG on incident PCa. Further validation of alkylresorcinol metabolites as a biomarker for WG intake is needed.
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33.
  • Drake, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Scoring models of a diet quality index and the predictive capability of mortality in a population-based cohort of Swedish men and women.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; :May 29, s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To examine how different scoring models for a diet quality index influence associations with mortality outcomes. DESIGN: A study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Food and nutrient intakes were estimated using a diet history method. The index included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. Component scores were assigned using predefined (based on dietary recommendations) and population-based cut-offs (based on median or quintile intakes). Multivariate Cox regression was used to model associations between index scores (low, medium, high) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by sex. SETTING: Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Men (n 6940) and women (n 10 186) aged 44-73 years. During a mean follow-up of 14·2 years, 2450 deaths occurred, 1221 from cancer and 709 from CVD. RESULTS: The predictive capability of the index for mortality outcomes varied with type of scoring model and by sex. Stronger associations were seen among men using predefined cut-offs. In contrast, the quintile-based scoring model showed greater predictability for mortality outcomes among women. The scoring model using median-based cut-offs showed low predictability for mortality among both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The scoring model used for dietary indices may have a significant impact on observed associations with disease outcomes. The rationale for selection of scoring model should be included in studies investigating the association between dietary indices and disease. Adherence to the current dietary recommendations was in the present study associated with decreased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, particularly among men.
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34.
  • Drake, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • TCF7L2 type 2 diabetes risk variant, lifestyle factors, and incidence of prostate cancer.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137. ; 74:12, s. 1161-1170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Variation in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), the strongest genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), may play a role in prostate cancer (PCa) depending on lifestyle factors. The aims of this study were to determine if TCF7L2 rs7903146 is associated with risk of PCa and if the association is modified by lifestyle factors independently of T2D status.
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35.
  • Drake, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Type 2 diabetes, adiposity and cancer morbidity and mortality risk taking into account competing risk of noncancer deaths in a prospective cohort setting
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 141:6, s. 1170-1180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adiposity associate with increased risk of several cancers, but the impact of competing risk of noncancer deaths on these associations is not known. We prospectively examined participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study aged 44–73 years with no history of cancer at baseline (n = 26,953, 43% men). T2D was ascertained at baseline and during follow-up, and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at baseline. Multivariable cause-specific hazard ratios (HR) and subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR), taking into account noncancer deaths, were estimated using Cox- and competing risk regression. During follow-up (mean 17 years), 7,061 incident cancers (3,220 obesity-related cancer types) and 2,848 cancer deaths occurred. BMI and WC were associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancer incidence and cancer mortality. In T2D subjects, risk of obesity-related cancer was elevated among men (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.54; sHR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.52), and cancer mortality among both men and women (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.20–1.49; sHR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16–1.45). There was no elevated actual risk of cancer death in T2D patients with long disease duration (sHR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.83–1.20). There was a significant additive effect of T2D and adiposity on risk of obesity-related cancer and cancer mortality. In conclusion, detection bias may partially explain the increased risk of cancer morbidity among T2D patients. Both excess risk of competing events among patients with T2D and depletion of susceptibles due to earlier cancer detection will lower the actual risk of cancer, particularly with longer diabetes duration and at older ages.
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36.
  • Ekelund, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women : the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC)
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:3, s. 613-621
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall and abdominal obesity remains unclear.Objective: We examined whether overall and abdominal adiposity modified the association between PA and all-cause mortality and estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and the years of life gained for these exposures.Design: This was a cohort study in 334,161 European men and women. The mean follow-up time was 12.4 y, corresponding to 4,154,915 person-years. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured in the clinic. PA was assessed with a validated self-report instrument. The combined associations between PA, BMI, and WC with mortality were examined with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by center and age group, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. Center-specific PAF associated with inactivity, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) (>30), and WC (>= 102 cm for men, >= 88 cm for women) were calculated and combined in random-effects meta-analysis. Life-tables analyses were used to estimate gains in life expectancy for the exposures.Results: Significant interactions (PA x BMI and PA x WC) were observed, so HRs were estimated within BMI and WC strata. The hazards of all-cause mortality were reduced by 16-30% in moderately inactive individuals compared with those categorized as inactive in different strata of BMI and WC. Avoiding all inactivity would theoretically reduce all-cause mortality by 7.35% (95% CI: 5.88%, 8.83%). Corresponding estimates for avoiding obesity (BMI >30) were 3.66% (95% CI: 2.30%, 5.01%). The estimates for avoiding high WC were similar to those for physical inactivity.Conclusion: The greatest reductions in mortality risk were observed between the 2 lowest activity groups across levels of general and abdominal adiposity, which suggests that efforts to encourage even small increases in activity in inactive individuals may be beneficial to public health.
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37.
  • Engeset, D, et al. (författare)
  • Fish consumption and breast cancer risk. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 119:1, s. 175-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is current interest in fish consumption and marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and breast cancer risk. Some in vitro and animal studies have suggested an inhibitory effect of marine n-3 fatty acids on breast cancer growth, but the results from epidemiological studies that have examined the association between fish consumption and breast cancer risk in humans are inconsistent. We examined fish consumption and breast cancer risk in 310,671 women aged between 25 and 70 yr at recruitment into the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The participants completed a dietary questionnaire between 1992-98 and were followed up for incidence of breast cancer for a median of 6.4 yr. Hazard ratio for breast cancer by intake of total and lean and fatty fish were estimated, stratified by study centre and adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors. During follow-up, 4,776 invasive incident breast cancers were reported. No significant associations between intake of total fish and breast cancer risk were observed, hazard ratio (HR) 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-1.02; p = 0.28 per 10 g fish/day). When examining lean and ratty fish separately, we round a positive significant association only in the highest quintile for fatty fish (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26), but test for trend was not significant (p = 0.10). No associations with breast cancer risk were observed when the study participants were subdivided by menopausal status. Although the period of follow-up is relatively short, the results provide no evidence for an association between fish intake and breast cancer risk. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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38.
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39.
  • Enhörning, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma Copeptin, A Unifying Factor behind the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 96, s. 1065-1072
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to affect liver glycogenolysis, insulin, and glucagon secretion and pituitary ACTH release. We previously showed that high copeptin, the stable C-terminal fragment of AVP prohormone, is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and future development of diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether plasma copeptin is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) independently of insulin, diabetes mellitus, and environmental factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a cross-sectional, population-based sample of 4742 subjects, aged 46-68 yr, 60% women, in Malmö, Sweden. Main Outcome Measure: Using multivariable logistic and linear regression, plasma copeptin was associated with components of the MetS. Results: Copeptin quartile (lowest quartile as reference) was, after adjustment for age, sex, insulin, and diabetes mellitus, associated with hypertension (odds ratios 1.04, 1.07, 1.31; P = 0.004), abdominal obesity (odds ratios 1.21, 1.16, 1.57; P = 0.002), obesity (odds ratios 1.25, 1.15, 1.49; P = 0.01), top quartile of c-reactive protein (odds ratios 1.11, 1.13, 1.32; P = 0.007), and MetS (adjusted for age and sex only) (odds ratios 1.53, 1.77, 1.86; P < 0.001). High copeptin levels were significantly associated with high fat intake, low physical activity, and borderline significantly associated with low socioeconomic status. The association between copeptin and components of the MetS was not affected after adjustment for these environmental factors. Conclusions: Our data suggest that increased activity of the AVP system is a unifying factor in the MetS and point to a new pharmacologically modifiable system of potential importance in the treatment of MetS and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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40.
  • Enhörning, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Relation between human vasopressin 1a gene variance, fat intake, and diabetes.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 89:1, s. 400-406
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Male arginine vasopressin 1a receptor knockout mice (V1aR(-/-)) display a phenotype of low triglycerides and high glucose concentrations and high-fat-diet-induced obesity and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether genetic variation of the human arginine vasopressin 1A (AVPR1A) gene is associated with phenotypic features resembling those of the V1aR(-/-) mouse. DESIGN: In a population-based cross-sectional study in southern Sweden, middle-aged individuals (n = 6055) were examined in 1991-1994. Associations between 4 AVPR1A tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1042615, rs10784339, rs7308855, and rs10747983) and diabetes status, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and BMI were analyzed. Furthermore, rs1042615 was related to diabetes status, glucose, and triglycerides within sex-specific quartiles of dietary fat intake (Q1(Fat)-Q4(Fat)) and BMI (Q1(BMI)-Q4(BMI)). RESULTS: Subjects carrying the T allele of rs1042615 had lower concentrations of triglycerides than did CC carriers (1.36 +/- 0.77 compared with 1.42 +/- 0.89 mmol/L; P = 0.014), especially in nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.001). Carriers of the rs1042615 T allele had higher fasting blood glucose (5.20 +/- 1.44 mmol/L compared with 5.12 +/- 1.22 mmol/L; P = 0.036) and a tendency toward an increased prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.51; P = 0.067) compared with CC carriers. The less common rs10784339, rs7308855, and rs10747983 were not consistently associated with metabolic variables. Among men, the rs1042615 T allele was associated with diabetes exclusively within Q4(Fat) (odds ratio: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.71; P = 0.04) and Q4(BMI) (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.93; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The rs1042615 T allele is associated with features resembling the phenotype of the V1aR(-/-) mouse, including uncoupling of the usual direct relation between glucose and triglycerides and an increased prevalence of diabetes in subjects with a high fat intake or who are overweight.
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