| 45041. |
- Knauss, Eric, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Patterns of Continuous Requirements Clarification
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 20:4, s. 383-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In software projects involving large and of- ten distributed teams, requirements evolve through the collaboration of many stakeholders, supported by online tools such as mailing lists, bug tracking systems, or online discussion forums. In this collaboration, requirements typically evolve from initial ideas, through clarification, to the implementation of a stable requirement. Deviations from this expected course might in- dicate requirements that are poorly understood, need further negotiation, or better alignment with project goals. If not addressed timely, such problems can surface late in the development cycle with negative consequences such as rework, missed schedules, or overrun budget. This paper presents an approach that provides project managers’ with timely awareness of such requirements-related risks, based on automatic analysis of stakeholders’ online requirements communication. We describe a clarification classifier that automatically analyzes requirements communication in a project and detects clarification events, a catalogue of clarification patterns, and a pattern matcher that suggests communication patterns based on our pattern catalogue. Our approach has been empirically constructed and evaluated in a case study in the IBM Rational Team Concert (RTC) project. We discuss the applicability of our approach in other projects as well as avenues for extending our pattern catalogue towards a theory of clarification patterns.
|
|
| 45042. |
- Knauss, Eric, 1977
(författare)
-
The missing requirements perspective in large-scale agile system development
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE Software. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 36, s. 9-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in agile methods at scale and continuous delivery have successfully removed major bottlenecks that have, so far, limited the speed at which software can be developed, delivered, and evaluated by customers and end users. Now, the ability to manage requirements and related knowledge in continuous software engineering has become a limiting factor.
|
|
| 45043. |
- Knee, Christopher, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural transitions and conductivity of BaPrO3 and BaPr0.9Y0.1O3-d
- 2009
-
Ingår i: J. Mater. Chem. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; 19, s. 3238-3247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temperature dependence of the crystal structures of the perovskites BaPrO3 and BaPr0.9Y0.1O3-d has been determined between room temperature and 900 °C using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data. The orthorhombic room temperature structures evolve to a primitive cubic cell via three changes of symmetry Pnma -> Imma -> R-3c -> Pm-3m which occur at T~240, ~375, and ~860 °C for BaPrO3. The stability fields of the Pnma and Pm-3m structures are lowered markedly by the presence of yttrium on the B-site. The first and last structural transitions are assigned as continuous events, and analysis of the octahedral tilt angle order parameter suggests the latter is tricritical in nature. The Imma -> R-3c transition is expected to be discontinuous first order and hysteresis effects in dilatometry data support this assignment although no discontinuity is found in the refined structural parameters. Conductivity data collected under dry, oxidising conditions reveal significantly higher conductivity levels in 10% acceptor (Y or Gd) substituted samples compared to undoped BaPrO3. For the acceptor substituted samples electron holes are the dominant charge carriers and the conductivity is weakly influenced by the changing crystal structure. In the undoped BaPrO3, a crossover, probably between extrinsic (impurity-derived) and intrinsic electronic conductivity, coincides with the high temperature rhombohedral to cubic transition.
|
|
| 45044. |
- Kneider, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence analysis of human rhinovirus aspirated from the nasopharynx of patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 15:4, s. 437-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundUpper respiratory infections were reported to trigger multiple sclerosis relapses. A relationship between picornavirus infections and MS relapses was recently reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether human rhinovirus is associated with multiple sclerosis relapses and whether any particular strain is predominant.MethodNasopharyngeal fluid was aspirated from 36 multiple sclerosis patients at pre-defined critical time points. Reverse-transcriptase-PCR was performed to detect human rhinovirus-RNA. Positive amplicons were sequenced.ResultsWe found that rhinovirus RNA was present in 17/40 (43%) of specimens obtained at the onset of a URTI in 19 patients, in 1/21 specimens during convalescence after URTI in 14 patients, in 0/6 specimens obtained in 5 patients on average a week after the onset of an "at risk" relapse, occurring within a window in time from one week before to three weeks after an infection, and in 0/17 specimens obtained after the onset of a "not at risk" relapse not associated with any infection in 12 patients. Fifteen specimens from healthy control persons not associated with URTI were negative. The frequency of HRV presence in URTI was similar to that reported for community infections. Eight amplicons from patients represented 5 different HRV strains.ConclusionWe were unable to reproduce previous findings of association between HRV infections and multiple sclerosis relapses. HRV was not present in nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained during "at risk" or "not at risk" relapses. Sequencing of HRV obtained from patients during URTI did not reveal any strain with predominance in multiple sclerosis.
|
|
| 45045. |
- Kneider, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Upper Respiratory Infections and MRI Activity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 45:2, s. 83-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although clinical reports have suggested a relationship between systemic infections and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, MRI evidence supporting an association is conflicting. Here we evaluated the temporal relationship between upper respiratory infections (URIs) and MRI activity in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Methods: We combined individual data on URI with data on active lesions in pre-scheduled MRI examinations performed every 4 weeks for 28 weeks in 69 patients. A 4-week at-risk (AR) period started, by definition, 1 week before the onset of a URI. We recorded the relationship between the number of active lesions in each MRI with (1) the number of days of AR time in the immediately preceding 4-week period and (2) the number of days passed since the onset of a preceding URI. Results: Average MRI lesions/day showed no difference between AR (0.0764) and not-AR (0.0774) periods. The number of lesions in 483 pre-scheduled MRI examinations did not correlate with the AR proportion in the prior 4-week period (rho = -0.03), and time from URI onset did not correlate with lesion number on the next MRI examination (rho = 0.003). Conclusion: The occurrence of a URI did not increase the risk of MRI activity evaluated in an adjacent 4-week window in RRMS.
|
|
| 45046. |
- Kneifel, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual voxelwise dosimetry of targeted (90)Y-labelled substance P radiotherapy for malignant gliomas.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 34:9, s. 1388-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Substance P is the main ligand of neurokinin type 1 (NK-1) receptors, which are consistently overexpressed in malignant gliomas. The peptidic vector (111)In/(90)Y-DOTAGA-substance P binds to these receptors and can be used for local treatment of brain tumours. Dosimetry for this interstitial brachytherapy has mainly been done using geometrical models; however, they often do not faithfully reproduce the in vivo biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals, which is indispensable to correlate the deposited energy with clinical response. The aim of this study was to establish a reproducible dosimetry protocol for intratumoural radiopeptide therapy. METHODS: For test and therapeutic injections, 2 MBq of (111)In-substance P and 370-3,330 MBq of (90)Y-substance P, respectively, were applied in 12 patients with malignant gliomas. Over a period of 24 h, serial SPECT scans were performed on a dual-head SPECT camera. The scans were acquired in a double-energy window technique together with (99m)Tc-ECD in order to co-register the dose distributions with a separately acquired, contrast-enhanced CT scan. Quantitative voxelwise dose distribution maps (in Gy/GBq) were computed from these data using a mono-exponential decay approach. Pre- and post-therapeutic values were compared. RESULTS: Agreement between pre- and post-therapeutic dosimetry was very good and delivered absolute dose values in Gy per injected GBq. In all patients, the pretherapeutic test injection together with the CT overlay technique could predict the precise localisation of dose deposition in an anatomical context. CONCLUSION: This protocol allows a precise pretherapeutic computation of the expected three-dimensional dose distribution and is clearly superior to the previously used dosimetry based on planar scintigraphic images. It has become an indispensable tool for planning intratumoural radiopeptide therapy in glioma patients.
|
|
| 45047. |
- Knez, Igor, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate Change : Concerns, Beliefs and Emotions in Residents, Experts, Decision Makers, Tourists, and Tourist Industry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Climate Change. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2167-9495 .- 2167-9509. ; 2:4, s. 254-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate effects of different groups of individuals (residents, tourists, experts, decision makers and members of tourist industry) and demographic variables (gender, age, education) on climate change-related concerns, beliefs and emotions. In line with the predictions: 1) Experts were shown to be least concerned for and afraid of climate change impact; 2) Youngest participants were found to be most, and oldest least, concerned for their future; 3) Women were shown to be more concerned for and afraid of the consequences of climate change; and 4) Men and the least educated participants believed their jobs to be more threatened by the environmental laws and protection, and the latter ones believed moreover that the claims about climate change are exaggerated. Implications of these findings for value orientations and their relationships to environmental concerns, beliefs and emotions are discussed.
|
|
| 45048. |
- Knez, Igor, et al.
(författare)
-
Influences of culture and environmental attitude on thermal, emotional and perceptual evaluations of a public square
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 50:5, s. 258-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the present quasi-experimental study was to examine the influence of culture (Swedish vs Japanese) and environmental attitude (urban vs open-air person) on participants' thermal, emotional and perceptual assessments of a square, within the PET (physiological equivalent temperature) comfortable interval of 18-23 degrees C. It was predicted that persons living in different cultures with different environmental attitudes would psychologically evaluate a square differently despite similar thermal conditions. Consistent with this prediction, Japanese participants estimated the current weather as warmer than did Swedish participants and, consistent with this, they felt less thermally comfortable on the site, although participants in both countries perceived similar comfortable thermal outdoor conditions according to the PET index. Compared to the Japanese, the Swedes estimated both the current weather and the site as windier and colder, indicating a consistency in weather assessment on calm-windy and warm-cold scales in participants in both cultures. Furthermore, Swedish participants felt more glad and calm on the site and, in line with their character (more glad than gloomy), they estimated the square as more beautiful and pleasant than did Japanese participants. All this indicates that thermal, emotional and perceptual assessments of a physical place may be intertwined with psychological schema-based and socio-cultural processes, rather than fixed by general thermal indices developed in line with physiological heat balance models. In consequence, this implies that thermal comfort indices may not be applicable in different cultural/climate zones without modifications, and that they may not be appropriate if we do not take into account the psychological processes involved in environmental assessment.
|
|
| 45049. |
- Knez, Igor, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological mechanisms in outdoor place and weather assessment: towards a conceptual model
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1254 .- 0020-7128. ; 53:1, s. 101-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general aim has been to illuminate the psychological mechanisms involved in outdoor place and weather assessment. This reasoning was conceptualized in a model, tentatively proposing direct and indirect links of influence in an outdoor place–human relationship. The model was subsequently tested by an empirical study, performed in a Nordic city, on the impact of weather and personal factors on participants’ perceptual and emotional estimations of outdoor urban places. In line with our predictions, we report significant influences of weather parameters (air temperature, wind, and cloudlessness) and personal factors (environmental attitude and age) on participants’ perceptual and emotional estimations of outdoor urban places. All this is a modest, yet significant, step towards an understanding of the psychology of outdoor place and weather assessment.
|
|
| 45050. |
- Knez, Igor, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationships Between Identity, Well-Being, and Willingness to Sacrifice in Personal and Collective Favorite Places: The Mediating Role of Well-Being
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In line with research indicating positive associations between well-being and personal and collective people-place bonding, and that collectivistic compared to individualistic commitment may have stronger associations with pro-environmental behavior, we investigated relationships between identity, well-being, and willingness to sacrifice (type of pro-environmental behavior) in personal and collective favorite places. A total of 884 respondents, living in three Swedish municipalities, participated in this study. In line with the hypotheses, we showed congruent positive relationships between place-related: (1) personal identity and personal well-being; (2) collective identity and collective well-being, (3) collective identity and collective willingness to sacrifice; and (4) an incongruent positive association between collective identity and personal willingness to sacrifice. Additionally, a significant role of well-being in mediating the identity → willingness to sacrifice relationship was reported, suggesting that our willingness to pay higher taxes and prices and to accept cuts in standard of living in order to protect our personal and collective favorite places might be accounted for partly by how we feel visiting these places.
|
|
