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- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Multiple Research Methods to Unravel the Complexity of Human-Water Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: AGU Advances. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2576-604X. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Predicting floods and droughts is essential to inform the development of policy in water management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Yet, hydrological predictions are highly uncertain, while the frequency, severity and spatial distribution of extreme events are further complicated by the increasing impact of human activities on the water cycle. In this commentary, we argue that four main aspects characterizing the complexity of human-water systems should be explicitly addressed: feedbacks, scales, tradeoffs and inequalities. We propose the integration of multiple research methods as a way to cope with complexity and develop policy-relevant science.Plain Language SummarySeveral governments today claim to be following the science in addressing crises caused by the occurrence of extreme events, such as floods and droughts, or the emergence of global threats, such as climate change and COVID-19. In this commentary, we show that there are no universal answers to apparently simple questions such as: Do levees reduce flood risk? Do reservoirs alleviate droughts? We argue that the best science we have consists of a plurality of legitimate interpretations and a range of foresights, which can be enriched by integrating multiple disciplines and research methods.
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- Samizadeh Nikoui, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Internet of Things architecture challenges : A systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Communication Systems. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 1074-5351 .- 1099-1131. ; 34:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing trend within many domains, such as automotive, avionics, automation, energy, and health. IoT architecture is the system of numerous elements, including sensors, protocols, actuators, cloud services, and layers. IoT architecture plays an important role to provide desired services. Nowadays, tens of IoT architectures are provided by the research community. Many challenges have been identified by the research community, including interoperability, security and privacy, reliability, energy constraints, scalability, and lack of common standards. However, to provide suitable IoT architecture, the importance and priority of requirements in different scenarios may vary, and requirement analysis should be regarded. To this end, this paper presents a systematic mapping survey to give a review of IoT architecture and provide a structured overview of research trends. Moreover, a technical taxonomy is presented for these challenges according to reviewed studies. This classification model can be used as a guideline for future works.
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- Wang, Yuquan, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time collision-free multi-objective robot motion generation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 115-139
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite safe mechanical design being necessary for collaborative robots, one should not underestimate the importance of active safety due to a multi-objective control design. Active safety not only complements mechanical compliance but also enables classical industrial robots to fulfil additional task-space objectives. Through a task-space controller based on a quadratic programming (QP) formulation, the proposed approach assigns strict priority to avoid collisions and specifies other QP objectives with soft task priorities. Through experiments performed on a dual-arm robot, the proposed solution can generate safe robot motion while fulfilling other task specifications.
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- Stojanovic, Bojan, et al.
(författare)
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Natural and semi-natural field exposure testing and analysis, on optical degradation of a building integrated unglazed solar collector surface
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 41:6, s. 1057-1071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Durability is of great importance when considering sustainable energy systems. In turn it lays emphasis on assessing performance over time of energy systems and components. This paper presents a study on optical degradation of a building-integrated Unglazed Solar Collector (USC) surface, by exposing USC specimens to a natural and semi-natural field exposure test. Particular interest is devoted to the semi-natural field exposure test method evaluation, and the degradation of optical properties. The study showed that about 11 months of field exposure testing did not cause any significant optical (total solar absorptance and IR emittance) or material (surface coating) degradation; although measurements revealed a decrease in specular reflectance as diffuse increased. It was likely due to surface pollution that predominantly consisted of quartz. The study also showed that it is possible to achieve a considerable increased moisture exposure on test surfaces (semi-natural field exposure test), through a relatively simple cooling device (Direct-Air Peltier-Element) and rough control strategy.
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- Lu, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Bernoulli Filtering for Initially Unresolved Targets in Clutter
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781510600836 ; 9842, s. UNSP 98421J-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple target tracking (MTT) is a challenging task that aims to estimate the number of targets and their states in the presence of process noise, measurement noise and data association uncertainty. This paper considers a special MTT problem characterized by additional complexity. In this problem, multiple targets are launched simultaneously in nearby locations at the same speed with slightly different directions. As the distances between the initial locations of these targets are smaller than the resolution of the sensor, this results in merged measurements, i.e., unresolved tracks at the very beginning. To deal with this problem, the recently proposed Multi-Bernoulli (MB) filter is applied. Using a model for the merged measurements, simulation results with 2-D Cartesian measurements in an optical sensor's focal plane in the presence of clutter show that the initially unresolved tracks become resolved with MB filtering a few time steps after the measurements become resolved. Thus, the MB filter is capable of keeping track of the number of targets and their corresponding states when they are initially unresolved.
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| 9. |
- Van Dijk, Willeke, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Mechanical Massage and Mental Training on Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol in Swedish Employees : A Randomized Explorative Pilot Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work-related stress is relatively common in modern society and is a major cause of sick-leave. Thus, effective stress reducing interventions are needed. This study examined the effects of mental training and mechanical massage, on employee's heart rate variability (HRV) and plasma cortisol at their workplaces. Moreover, it was investigated whether baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) can explain differences in effectiveness of the intervention. Ninety-three participants from four workplaces were randomly assigned to one of the five programs: (I) Mechanical massage and mental training combined, II) Mechanical massage, III) Mental training, IV) Pause, or V) Control. HRV and plasma cortisol were measured at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. SBP was measured at baseline. On the reduction of cortisol levels, a small effect of the mechanical massage program was found, whereas no effect was found for the other programs. None of the programs showed any effect on HRV. Nonetheless, when the level of systolic blood pressure was taken into account, some small beneficial effects on HRV and cortisol of mental training and the mechanical massage were found. This exploratory pilot-study provides useful information for future studies that aim to reduce stress among employees.
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- McGrath, Cormac, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring dimensions of change : the case of MOOC conceptions
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal for academic development. - 1360-144X .- 1470-1324. ; 22:3, s. 257-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses a relatively new phenomenon in higher education, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and explores conceptions around this new and emerging development from the perspective of a number of stakeholders in the university. A phenomenographic approach is adopted. The study explores how different stakeholders at a university perceive the MOOC phenomenon, and reflects on how the many conceptions stakeholders adhere to are made meaningful for academic developers in their role as 'partners in arms'. The conceptions run across a continuum from the local and narrow to the global and broad. The study identifies challenges to change agency in a higher education institution.
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