| 51. |
- Jirenhed, Dan-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Time Course of Classically Conditioned Purkinje Cell Response is Determined by Initial Part of Conditioned Stimulus
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 31:25, s. 9070-9074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classical conditioning of a motor response such as eyeblink is associated with the development of a pause in cerebellar Purkinje cell firing that is probably an important driver of the overt response. This conditioned Purkinje cell response is adaptively timed and has a specific temporal profile that probably explains the time course of the overt behavior. It is generally assumed that the temporal properties of the conditioned Purkinje cell response are determined by the temporal pattern of the parallel fiber impulses generated by the conditioned stimulus at the time of the conditioned response. We show here in the decerebrate ferret preparation that a very brief conditioned stimulus, consisting of only one or two impulses in the mossy fibers, can be sufficient to elicit a full conditioned Purkinje cell response with normal time course. The finding suggests that parallel fiber input to the Purkinje cell influences the firing rate several hundred milliseconds later. It poses a serious challenge to the standard view of the role of parallel fiber impulses in response timing.
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| 52. |
- Jonker, Dirk, 1956-
(författare)
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Self-assessed and direct measured physical workload among dentists in public dental clinics in Sweden during a period of rationalizations
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Much research has been done on interventions to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) at the workplace. However, this problem is still a major concern in working life. The economic cost for WMSDs corresponds to between 0.5% and 2% of the gross national product in some European countries, and in 2007, 8.6% of workers in the EU had experienced work-related health problems during the previous 12 months. In Sweden, one in five of all employees have rated occurrence of WMSDs during the previous 12 months.In spite of comprehensive ergonomic improvements of workplace and tool design in dentistry the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in neck, upper arms and back is reported to be between 64% and 93%.The present thesis investigates if the perceived high exertion during work corresponds to actual physical exposures. Further, it is investigated if risk full physical exposures may be generated due to rationalisations. Specifically, changes in physical exposures are investigated prospectively during a period of rationalisations. Empirical data on production system performance, individual measured physical workload, and self-rated physical workload are provided.High estimates of self-rated workload were found. These high scores for perceived workload were associated with high measured muscular workload in the upper trapezius muscles. Also, negative correlations were found between low angular velocities in the head, neck and upper extremities on the one hand, and estimates for perceived workload on the other. Both measured muscular workload and mechanical exposure among dentists indicate a higher risk of developing WMSDs than in occupational groups with more varied work content. Value-Adding Work (VAW) comprised about 57% of the total working time and compared to industrial work an increase with about 20 percent units is hypothesised. Furthermore, VAW compared to non-VAW (“waste”) implies more awkward postures and especially low angular velocities interpreted as constrained postures.Consequently, when increasing the proportion of time spent in VAW due to rationalisations, work intensification is expected. However, at follow up, we did not find such work intensification.Previous research indicates that rationalisation in working life may be a key factor in the development of WMSD. The present thesis suggests that ergonomics may then be considered proactively as part of the rationalisation process.
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| 53. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av en indikator för totalt nedfall av kväve till barrskog inom miljökvalitetsmålet Ingen övergödning
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För första gången har totaldepositionen av kväve till barrskog beräknats som underlag till uppföljningen av miljökvalitetsmålet Ingen övergödning. Detta är en tydlig förbättring jämfört med att bara använda våtdepositionen till öppet fält, som tidigare använts som indikator, eftersom torrdepositionsandelen utgör 25-50 % av det totala kvävenedfallet till barrskog. Det är även första gången som tidsserier för totalt kvävenedfall baserat på mätdata tagits fram. Den geografiska gradienten i det totala kvävenedfallet till barrskog över Sverige var likartad för alla år, med de högsta värdena i sydväst, och minskande mot nordost. Den kritiska belastningsgränsen för kvävenedfall till barrskog, 5 kg/ha/år, överskrids årligen i södra halvan av Sverige. Förutom att tidsserier visas för Sverige som helhet har även Sverige delats in i tre områden (norra, sydöstra och sydvästra Sverige) och det totala kvävenedfallet till barrskog har minskat signifikant sedan 2001 i samtliga tre områden och för Sverige som helhet. Minskningen är i samma storleksordning som minskningen av rapporterade utsläpp av oorganiskt kväve från EU28. Det totala kvävenedfallet till barrskog beräknades baserat på månadsvisa mätningar från tio mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet och Krondroppsnätet-NV runt om i Sverige. Beräkningarna av det totala kvävenedfallet baserades på mätningar av nedfall med nederbörden till öppet fält, nedfall som krondropp samt mätningar av torrdeposition med strängprovtagare placerade under ett tak. Detta kombineras med ytterligare mätningar av våtdeposition till öppet fält vid ett större antal mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet och Krondroppsnätet-NV i Sverige. Skälet till att det inte räcker med nedfall via krondropp är att en del kväve tas upp direkt i trädkronorna, vilket leder till en underskattning av kvävenedfallet beräknat som krondropp. Metodiken för att beräkna det årliga totala kvävenedfallet över Sverige 2001-2016 kan sammanfattas i fem steg: 1. Våtdepositionen beräknades för samtliga mätplatser med mätningar över öppet fält. 2. Torrdepositionen vid de 10 platserna med samtliga mättyper uppvisade en geografisk gradient, som användes för att beräkna torrdeposition på andra platser med enbart mätningar av våtdeposition. 3. För perioden 2008-2013, då mätningar med strängprovtagare saknades, beräknades torrdepositionen genom en linjär tidsmässig interpolation. 4. Totaldepositionen beräknades genom att summera torrdepositionen och våtdepositionen. 5. Slutligen gjordes en geografisk interpolering baserad på samtliga mätplatsers totaldeposition, för att ta fram en heltäckande karta för Sverige. Resultaten redovisas för 2001-2016 dels som årliga kartor över Sverige med den totala kvävenedfallet till barrskog, dels som tidsserier med årliga areaviktade medelvärden för totaldepositionen av kväve för hela Sverige samt för tre olika områden av Sverige.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Krispinsson, Charlotta, Dr. 1984-
(författare)
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Några ord om att stötta nydisputerade och konstvetare i den postdoktorala fasen
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024: Konstvetenskapen i samtiden och framtiden / Kanon – ?. - Växjö : Linnaeus University Press. - 9789180821506
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta paper är att presentera några förslag för hur man på bästa sätt kan främja nydisputerade och postdoktorala konstvetares vetenskapliga kompetens och på så sätt verka för vetenskaplig kvalitet och förnyelse inom ämnet nationellt.
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| 57. |
- Krispinsson, Charlotta, Dr. 1984-
(författare)
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Painted copies and views on authenticity in seventeenth-century Sweden
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research on forgeries, fakes, copies, replicas, facsimiles, substitutions, appropriations and imitations in pre-modern times is now a growing field of research in art history, and as shown the difference between these concepts is anything but clear (Heisterberg, Müller-Bechtel & Putzger eds. 2018; Cupperi ed. 2014; Wood 2008).The aim of this paper is to look at the artistic production of painted portrait copies in sventeenth-century Stockholm and the Svealand area during the seventeenth-century, a period when Sweden was an economic and political empire, but it lacked a strong artistic centre. This made it an art historical periphery even if the inflow of money generated a growing demand for paintings – including copies and replicas. Copies and replicas were chiefly commissioned from painters who worked within the inherited guild system, where copying was considered manual labour. Previous art historical research has tended to focus on court painters considered original or as responsible for importing new stylistic impulses and artistic skills from the cultural centre in Europe at the time. This paper, however, will look at the increasing number of less successful, “second-rate” painters in the seventeenth-century who earned their living by painting copies. The paper will also take into consideration questions regarding changing ideas about authenticity and questions artistic centres and art as imitation in the peripheries. The paper will present preliminary results from the ongoing post-doc project “Copies and Replicas in Seventeenth-century Northern Europe: Image, Medium, and Practice”, combining theoretical perspectives from media studies and visual studies.
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| 58. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Multiword atomic read/write registers on multiprocessor systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. - : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.. - 1084-6654. ; 13:1, s. 1.7-1.30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern multiprocessor systems offer advanced synchronization primitives, built in hardware, to support the development of efficient parallel algorithms. In this article, we develop a simple and efficient algorithm, the READERSFIELD algorithm, for atomic registers (variables) of arbitrary length. The simplicity and better complexity of the algorithm is achieved via the utilization of two such common synchronization primitives. In this article, we also experimentally evaluate the performance of our algorithm, together with lock-based approaches and a practical, previously previously known algorithm that is based that is based only on read and write primitives. The experimental evaluation is performed on three well-known parallel architectures. This evaluation clearly shows that both algorithms are practical and that as the size of the register increases the READERSFIELD algorithm performs better, following its analytical evaluation.
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| 59. |
- Larsson, Lars, 1983-
(författare)
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Managing cloud resource scarcity
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the Infrastructure-as-a-Service conceptualization of cloud computing, Infrastructure Providers offer utility-like pay-as-you-go access to computing resources (e.g., data processing, networks, and storage) to Service Providers, who use those resources to host applications for the benefit of end users. The quantity of resources available to Infrastructure Providers at any given moment is limited, as is the quantity of resources allocated to the applications of each Service Provider.This thesis examines the management of cloud resource scarcity from the perspectives of both Infrastructure and Service Providers, with the aim of finding ways to ensure that the end user experience is minimally affected.We consider three main strategies for managing cloud resource scarcity. First, we explore ways to efficiently construct collaborative federations of autonomous and independent Infrastructure Providers that allow local resource scarcity to be masked by extension using capacity from remote sites. Second, we consider how scheduling both within a cloud site and across a federation can be made aware of restrictions imposed by Service Providers for, e.g., performance or legal reasons. Third, we suggest ways of making applications conscious of resource availability so that they can apply quality elasticity under resource constraints.The thesis is the culmination of 11 years of work within academia and industry. Based on the unique perspective granted by this long experience, the introductory chapters present a historical view of each subtopic mentioned above. Specifically, they discuss how cloud computing has evolved in conjunction with ways of developing applications to the symbiotic benefit of both, leading to the emergence of cloud-native software that allows Infrastructure Providers to use their infrastructure more efficiently and offer it more affordably while simultaneously granting Service Providers improved availability and performance in cloud-based environments.
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| 60. |
- Larsson, Olivia, et al.
(författare)
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Substance P represents a novel first-line defense mechanism in the nose
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 141:1, s. 3-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), have long been seen as mediators of widespread continuous airway inflammation, a process known as neurogenic inflammation. However, this has been difficult to demonstrate clinically, suggesting an alternative role for these signaling molecules. Objectives: We sought to examine the role of SP in nasal infection by assessing the release of SP in response to viral stimulation and characterizing the effects of SP on innate immunity, with the latter reflected in changes in local Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression. Methods: The distribution of SP and TLRs in the nasal mucosa and local airway neurons was assessed with immunohistochemistry. The TLR7 agonists R-837 and R-848 were used to mimic a viral insult in the upper airways represented by primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and murine nasal epithelial cells (MNECs) and isolated murine trigeminal ganglial neurons. SP release from HNECs, MNECs, and trigeminal ganglial neurons was quantified with EIA. The effects of SP on TLR expression on HNECs were determined by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results: SP was released from the sensory neurons, MNECs, and HNECs within 15 minutes of local TLR7 stimulation. Subsequently, stimulation with SP induced upregulation of TLR expression in HNECs within 30 minutes through induction of TLR movement within HNECs. Upregulation of TLR expression was not evident when cells were treated with the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist aprepitant before SP stimulation. Conclusions: This highlights a novel role for sensory neuropeptides as acute and local mediators of pathogen-driven inflammation, rapidly priming innate immune defenses in the airway.
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