| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Campderrich Lecumberri, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental complexity: A buffer against stress in the domestic chick
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds kept in commercial production systems can be exposed to multiple stressors from early life and this alters the development of different morphological, immunological and behavioural indicators. We explore the hypothesis that provision of a complex environment during early life, better prepares birds to cope with stressful events as well as buffers them against future unpredictable stressful episodes. In this study, 96 one day old pullets were randomly distributed in eight pens (12 birds/pen). Half of the chicks (N = 48) were assigned to a Complex Environment (CENV: with perches, a dark brooder etc.) the others to a Simple Environment (SENV: without enrichment features). Half of the birds from each of these treatments were assigned to a No Stress (NSTR, 33°C) or to an acute Cold Stress (CSTR, 18–20°C) treatment during six hours on their second day of life. At four weeks of age, chicks with these four different backgrounds were exposed to an Intermittent Stressful Challenges Protocol (ISCP). In an immunological test indicative of pro-inflammatory status Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), the response of CSTR birds was ameliorated by rearing chicks in a CENV as they had a similar response to NSTR chicks and a significantly better pro-inflammatory response than those CSTR birds reared in a SENV (five days after the CSTR treatment was applied). A similar better response when coping with new challenges (the ISCP) was observed in birds reared in a CENV compared to those from a SENV. Birds reared in the CENV had a lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio after the ISCP than birds reared in SENV, independently of whether or not they had been exposed to CSTR early in life. No effects of stress on general behaviour were detected, however, the provision of a CENV increased resting behaviour, which may have favoured stress recover. Additionally, we found that exposure to cold stress at an early age might have rendered birds more vulnerable to future stressful events. CSTR birds had lower humoral immune responses (sheep red blood cells induced antibodies) after the ISCP and started using elevated structures in the CENV later compared to their NSTR conspecifics. Our study reflects the importance of the early provision of a CENV in commercial conditions to reduce negative stress-related effects. Within the context of the theory of adaptive plasticity, our results suggest that the early experience of the birds had long lasting effects on the modulation of their phenotypes.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Carlsson, Carl Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
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Swab, släkt
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, häfte 168. - Stockholm : Svenskt biografiskt lexikon.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Castro, Candida
(författare)
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Effect of headligtht luminance and width beetween headlights on night driving distance estimation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 842-852
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research reported here is part of a series of experiments that attempted to establish drivers' distance estimation accuracy during nighttime driving. The host car's lights are not only the host driver's main source of illumination, but also a source of distance information that other drivers use to estimate the distance between themselves and the host car's lights. To carry out this research, a photocell system was used to identify the cars' actual position. Sixty-four subjects were required to estimate a range of possible car locations from 60 to 80 m. The effects of headlight luminance and width between headlights were manipulated; more specifically, two levels of headlight luminance were used - namely High: 12 volts 4.4 amps. 258 lm., and Low: 8 volts 4 amps. 120 lm. There were also two levels of width - 1 and 2 m - between headlights. The results showed that subjects are really accurate at estimating the distance of moving and approaching vehicles when subjects are located in a stationary position. Width between headlights seems to play the most important role when estimating distance, while headlight luminance does not seem to play such a major role.
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| 36. |
- Caulfield, A, et al.
(författare)
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WHO guidance on mental health training: a systematic review of the progress for non-specialist health workers
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:1, s. e024059-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess existing literature on the effectiveness of mental health training courses for non-specialist health workers, based on the WHO guidelines (2008).DesignA systematic review was carried out, complying with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.Data sourcesAfter examination of key studies in the literature, a comprehensive search was performed within the following electronic databases on 31 May 2017: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL (using EBSCOHost interface), Cochrane, Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaSearches were conducted for articles published in English from January 2008 to May 2017, using search terms related to mental health, training, community care and evaluation/outcome, following the Participants, Interventions, Comparators and Outcomes process for evidence-based practice.OutcomesData were collected across the following categories: trainees (number and background), training course (curriculum, teaching method, length), evaluation method (timing of evaluation, collection method and measures assessed) and evaluation outcome (any improvement recorded from baseline). In addition, studies were assessed for their methodological quality using the framework established by Liuet al(2016).Results29 studies with relevant training courses met the inclusion criteria. These were implemented across 16 countries since 2008 (over half between 2014 and 2017), with 10 in three high-income countries. Evaluation methods and outcomes showed high variability across studies, with courses assessing trainees’ attitude, knowledge, clinical practice, skills, confidence, satisfaction and/or patient outcome. All 29 studies found some improvement after training in at least one area, and 10 studies found this improvement to be significant.ConclusionsTraining non-specialist workers in mental healthcare is an effective strategy to increase global provision and capacity, and improves knowledge, attitude, skill and confidence among health workers, as well as clinical practice and patient outcome. Areas for future focus include the development of standardised evaluation methods and outcomes to allow cross-comparison between studies, and optimisation of course structure.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016033269
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| 37. |
- Caulfield, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations Suggest a Non-Doublet Decoding Model of -1 Frameshifting by tRNA(Ser3)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-273X. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-frame decoding in the ribosome occurs through canonical or wobble Watson-Crick pairing of three mRNA codon bases (a triplet) with a triplet of anticodon bases in tRNA. Departures from the triplet-triplet interaction can result in frameshifting, meaning downstream mRNA codons are then read in a different register. There are many mechanisms to induce frameshifting, and most are insufficiently understood. One previously proposed mechanism is doublet decoding, in which only codon bases 1 and 2 are read by anticodon bases 34 and 35, which would lead to -1 frameshifting. In E. coli, tRNA(GCU)(Ser3) can induce -1 frameshifting at alanine (GCA) codons. The logic of the doublet decoding model is that the Ala codon's GC could pair with the tRNA(Ser3 ')s GC, leaving the third anticodon residue U36 making no interactions with mRNA. Under that model, a U36C mutation would still induce -1 frameshifting, but experiments refute this. We perform all-atom simulations of wild-type tRNA(Ser3), as well as a U36C mutant. Our simulations revealed a hydrogen bond between U36 of the anticodon and G1 of the codon. The U36C mutant cannot make this interaction, as it lacks the hydrogen-bond-donating H3. The simulation thus suggests a novel, non-doublet decoding mechanism for -1 frameshifting by tRNA(Ser3) at Ala codons.
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| 38. |
- Cavallin, L, et al.
(författare)
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Voxel-based correlation between coregistered single-photon emission computed tomography and dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with suspected Alzheimer disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 49:10, s. 1154-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Current diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is made by clinical, neuropsychologic, and neuroimaging assessments. Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could be valuable in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, as well as in assessing prognosis. Purpose: To compare SPECT and MRI in a cohort of patients examined for suspected dementia, including patients with no objective cognitive impairment (control group), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD). Material and Methods: 24 patients, eight with AD, 10 with MCI, and six controls, were investigated with SPECT using 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO, Ceretec; GE Healthcare Ltd., Little Chalsont UK) and dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) with a contrast-enhancing gadobutrol formula (Gadovist; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany). Voxel-based correlation between coregistered SPECT and DSC-MR images was calculated. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were then performed in 24 different brain areas using brain registration and analysis of SPECT studies (BRASS; Nuclear Diagnostics AB, Stockholm, Sweden) on both SPECT and DSC-MRI. Results: Voxel-based correlation between coregistered SPECT and DSC-MR showed a high correlation, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.94. ROI analyses of 24 regions showed significant differences between the control group and AD patients in 10 regions using SPECT and five regions in DSC-MR. Conclusion: SPECT remains superior to DSC-MRI in differentiating normal from pathological perfusion, and DSC-MRI could not replace SPECT in the diagnosis of patients with Alzheimer disease.
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| 39. |
- Celsius, Olof, 1716-1794
(författare)
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Monumenta politico ecclesiastica, ex archivo Palmskiöldiano, nunc primum in lucem edita, quorum cont. IV:am, consent. ampliss. facultate philosophica, in illustri academia Upsaliensi, sub præsidio ... Olavi O. Celsii ... publico candidorum examini modeste submittit, Salomon N. Åmann, v. d. m. Jemtlandus. In auditorio Carol. maj ad diem I Maji anni MDCCLI. Horis, ante meridiem, solitis.
- 1751
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Chabuk, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Noise Level in Textile Industries: Case Study Al-Hillah Textile Factory-Company for Textile Industries, Al-Hillah-Babylon-Iraq
- 2021
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Ingår i: First International Virtual Conference on Environment & Natural Resources. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, Al-Hillah Textile Factory, in Al-Hillah city-Iraq follows to State Company for Textile Industries was selected to study the intensity of noise in 2014. Measurements of the noise level were carried out in different workshops for each of the production stages including the spinning machinery workshop (parts 1 and 2), the rotating machinery room, the preparations room, and the textile machinery room (Roti model), weaving machines: Techmash model room Russian-made model room, Sheets' machinery room, and operator machines room; using two noise meters (model 2237 Fulfici). Fifty samples were collected in each part of these rooms to give realistic results for the noise level. After recording the noise level data, the highest and lowest values and the average of noise intensity readings were calculated in each of the rooms and compared with the global standards permitted by the EPA for industrial facilities. The results of this study showed that the general rate of noise intensity in all rooms exceeded the permissible limits, which impose a noise level of 65-70dB for such industrial establishments according to EPA recommendations in 2008.
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