| 67291. |
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MoL 2015 : the 14th meeting on the Mathematics of language. Proceedings, July 25-26, Chicago, USA
- 2015
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume contains eleven regular papers and two invited papers. The regular papers, which were selected by the Program Committee from a total of twenty-two submissions, feature a broad variety of work on mathematics of language, including phonology, formal language theory, natural language semantics, and language learning. The invited papers are presented by two distinguished researchers in the field: David McAllester, Professor and Chief Academic Officer at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, and Ryo Yoshinaka, Assistant Professor at Kyoto University.
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| 67292. |
- Molaee-Ardekani, Behnam, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the electrode-electrolyte interface modelling in cochlear implants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2057-1976. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Proposing a good electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) model and properly identifying relevant parameters may help designing safer and more optimized auditory nerve fiber stimulation and recording in cochlear implants (CI). However, in literature, EEI model parameter values exhibit large variability. We aim to explain some root causes of this variability using the Cole model and its simpler form, the Basic RC model. Approach. We use temporal and spectral methods and fit the models to stimulation pulse voltage response (SPVR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. Main Results. Temporal fittings show that there are multiple sets of model parameters that provide a good fit to the SPVR data. Therefore, small methodological differences in literature may result in different model fits. While these models share similar characteristics at high frequencies >500 Hz, the SPVR fitting is blind to low frequencies, thus it cannot correctly estimate the Faradaic resistor. Similarly, the polarization capacitor and its fractional order are not estimated robustly (capacitor variations in the nano- to micro-farad range) due to limited observation of mid-range frequencies. EIS provides a good model fit down to & SIM;3Hz, and thus robust estimation for the polarization capacitor. At lower frequencies charge mechanisms may modify the EEI, requiring multi-compartment Cole model fitting to EIS to improve the estimation of Faradaic characteristics. Our EIS data measurements down to 0.05Hz show that a two-compartment Cole model is sufficient to explain the data. Significance. Our study describes the scope and limitation of SPVR and EIS fitting methods, by which literature variability is explained among CI EEI models. The estimation of mid-to-low-frequency characteristics of the CI EEI is not in the scope of the SPVR method. EIS provides a better fit; however, its results should not be extrapolated to unobserved frequencies where new charge transfer mechanisms may emerge at the EEI.
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| 67293. |
- Molaei, Arman, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Faradic Side Reactions at Novel Carbon Flow-Through Electrodes for Desalination Studied in a Static Supercapacitor Architecture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research. - : Wiley. - 2699-9412. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desalination by capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technique to combine desalination and energy storage. The efficiency of charge storage process, which is equivalent to the desalination process, depends strongly on the presence of Faradic side reactions on the electrode. Herein, the performance of a new low-cost designed flow-through electrode with porous carbon nanoparticles (CP) coating on carbon-fiber paper (CFP) is evaluated. The CP layer enables high capacitance while the CFP core makes fluid dynamics along and across the electrode. The electrodes are evaluated by studying the effective operational CDI parameters, such as operational voltage, degassing of electrolyte, and salt concentration. The Faradic side reaction and its effect on charge efficiency (CE) are evaluated which are estimated to decrease to 46% by liquid flow bringing dissolved oxygen from the air-electrolyte interface to the electrode. The CE enhances to 59% with a salt concentration of 1 m. By purging N-2 gas, CE is much higher (>85%) with a maximum efficiency of 97% at 0.6 V. Three regimes of the complex kinetic of side reactions are found involving various species such as O-2, H2O2, H-2, and carbon oxidation and the implication of those regimes for real applications are discussed.
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| 67294. |
- Molaei, Arman, 1988-
(författare)
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Functionalized Porous Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Applications in Electrochemical Flow Cells
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrosion of metals in close-loop cooling or heating systems originates from tiny leakages at joints releasing oxygen into the thermal fluids. The presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) in thermal fluids, such as water with various additives forms a rust coating and some rust particles are released in the fluids and accumulate in an undesired place. Overall, these phenomena decrease the efficiency of heat exchangers and boilers in energy systems. There are various techniques to remove DO but each has drawbacks either related to their efficiency, cost, or minimum DO level reachable. Herein, we propose an electrochemical technique to achieve a low-cost and efficient deoxygenation. We investigate both the fundamentals and make a proof of concept for a deoxygenation electrolyser that consumes the DO through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). First, we designed a simple and low-cost flow-through electrode by adding macro-porous carbon fiber papers (CFPs) with calibrated loads of carbon microporous particles (CPs) to combine both a high surface area and an open structure for good fluid dynamics. Then, the faradic performance of carbon electrodes is evaluated in a designed static deoxygenation electrolyser that shows three regimes of complex kinetic side reactions involving various species such as O2, H2O2, H2O, and anodic carbon oxidation. The functionalization of redox-active quinone molecules operating by electron mediators over the anode electrode is developed to improve the ORR efficiency and remove the issue of degradation of the carbon anode. Finally, we investigate the use of a new electrocatalytic polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthro-line) (BBL) to drive the ORR toward water instead of forming H2O2. The combination of both the polymer catalyst at the cathode and the quinone molecules designs a path for an efficient deoxygenation electrolyser that could become a key device to slow down corrosion rate and improve the efficiency in energy systems.
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| 67295. |
- Molaei, Arman, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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New low-cost, flow-through carbon electrodes characterized in brackish water
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemické zvesti. - : Slovenskâa akadâemia vied; Springer. - 0366-6352 .- 1336-9075. ; 77, s. 1941-1950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a simple and low-cost flow-through electrode for electrochemical cells used for instance in capacitive desalination. We have coated macro-porous carbon fiber papers with various loads of carbon microporous particles to combine both a high surface area and an open structure for good fluid dynamics. In this first study, we restrict our investigation to the charging/discharging behavior, the identification of side reactions, and the effect of geometry on the diffusion of ions. The electrochemical performance was first investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge-discharge techniques. The specific capacitance increases by three orders of magnitude upon adding the carbon particles. Then, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the presence of charge transfer phenomena and modification in the mass transport by the diffusion process for the coated electrode.
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| 67296. |
- Molander, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Routine ultrasound examination during pregnancy: a world of possibilities.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 26, s. 18-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective to identify and describe the meaning of the routine ultrasound scan to pregnant women. Design a qualitative descriptive study using a grounded theory approach, with individual interviews to collect data. Setting three antenatal clinics in a Swedish county of approximately 400,000 inhabitants. Participants voluntary samples of 10 pregnant Swedish women, 26–38 years of age, were interviewed prior to their first routine ultrasound. Findings ‘making it possible’ was the core category that explained and illustrated the meaning of the scan. The core category showed that the women considered the examination to be filled with possibilities to reach different goals during pregnancy. It also explained the categories: ultrasound as an event; ultrasound as a situation; ultrasound as a test; and the effects of ultrasound; as well as how they related to each other. The findings are considered the beginning of a theory concerning the meaning of the first ultrasound to pregnant women. Key conclusions and implications for practice pregnant women can see their first ultrasound as a tool that enables them to reach different goals during their pregnancy. Many of the goals concern meeting and connecting with the baby, suggesting that pregnant women consider the examination an important step towards parenthood. An ultrasound examination offered for medical reasons, which has other meanings than the intended for pregnant women, is important knowledge. It can be useful when giving information about the scan, addressing the woman during the examination, and for understanding and handling possible reactions.
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| 67297. |
- Molander, L, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of nicotine in kidney failure
- 2000
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 68:3, s. 250-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney failure. Very high plasma nicotine concentrations have been reported in patients with severe kidney failure, indicating that the disposition of nicotine in these patients may be different. The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered nicotine in healthy subjects and in patients with kidney failure. Methods: Nine healthy subjects (glomerular filtration rare [GFR], 84 to 143 mL/min/1.73 m2), four patients with mild kidney failure (GFR, 63 to 73 mL/min/1.73 m2), five patients with moderate kidney failure (GFR, 18 to 36 mL/min/1.73 m2), and six patients with severe kidney failure (GFR, 1 to 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited. Three patients were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. An intravenous infusion of nicotine (0.028 mg/kg) was given for 10 minutes. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations were measured in plasma, urine, and peritoneal dialysate from 0 to 24 hours after start of infusion Results: There were significant correlations between GFR and total clearance, nonrenal and renal clearance of nicotine, area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity, terminal elevation half-life, and mean residence time. Nonrenal clearance was 1303 mL/min and 661 mL/min in healthy subjects and patients with severe kidney failure, respectively. Only 1% to 2% of the nicotine dose was excreted unchanged in a 24-hour collection of peritoneal dialysate. The elimination of cotinine was also decreased in patients with kidney failure. Conclusion: Progressive kidney failure is associated with a gradual decrease of renal and nonrenal elimination of nicotine.
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| 67298. |
- Molander, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Syndrome Compared with Other Common Chronic Pain Diagnoses-A Study from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although chronic pain is common in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and hypermobility syndromes (HMS), little is known about the clinical characteristics of these groups. The main aim was to compare EDS/HMS with common local and generalized pain conditions with respect to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Data from the Swedish Quality Register for Chronic Pain (SQRP) from 2007 to 2016 (n= 40,518) were used, including patients with EDS/HMS (n= 795), fibromyalgia (n= 5791), spinal pain (n= 6693), and whiplash associated disorders (WAD) (n= 1229). No important differences in the PROMs were found between EDS and HMS. Women were represented in > 90% of EDS/HMS cases and fibromyalgia cases, and in about 64% of the other groups. The EDS/HMS group was significantly younger than the others but had a longer pain duration. The pain intensity in EDS/HMS was like those found in spinal pain and WAD; fibromyalgia had the highest pain intensity. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were very similar in the four groups. Vitality-a proxy for fatigue-was low both in EDS/HMS and fibromyalgia. The physical health was lower in EDS/HMS and fibromyalgia than in the two other groups. Patients with EDS/HMS were younger, more often female, and suffered from pain for the longest time compared with patients who had localized/regional pain conditions. Health-care clinicians must be aware of these issues related to EDS/HMS both when assessing the clinical presentations and planning treatment and rehabilitation interventions.
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| 67299. |
- Molander, Peter, 1983-
(författare)
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From Detection to Intervention Psychological Aspects of Online Hearing Rehabilitation
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hearing problems are among the most common causes of disability worldwide for adults. It is currently classified as one of the top five causes of years lived with disability. Between the years 2005 and 2015 the global prevalence of hearing loss increased with about 26 %. The negative impact of hearing loss on those affected is not limited to communication problems, as a range of other negative effects can be present, such as increased levels of social isolation, problems in the work-place and psychological distress.The different studies of the thesis can be summarized in three overall research questions. The first question was if hearing loss can be detected through automated online screening procedures, and what are the characteristics of those who participate in online screening (Study I and II)? The second question focused on development and testing of a measure dealing with psychological acceptance of hearing loss (Study III). Finally, the third research question concerned if online administered guided self-help based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy could help persons with hearing loss and psychological distress (Study IV)?In the screening studies (Study I and II) an online speech-in-noise hearing test was initially developed and later updated. Screening for hearing problems with this test was found to be feasible, and 16.7 (Study I) and 19% (Study II) of the participants were recommended to seek professional care for their potential hearing loss. These participants had more cognitive problems, were more likely to be of male gender, and had lower levels of education than those without measured hearing problems. Study III showed that it was possible to measure hearing-related acceptance with a new questionnaire and that this measure was a better predictor of disability than instruments measuring anxiety, depression, or measured hearing performance. In Study IV, people with hearing loss and comorbid psychological distress were offered an eight-week long internet-based therapist-guided self-help treatment inspired by ACT. After treatment ended, the intervention group had lower levels of perceived hearing disability, increased ratings of quality of life and reduced depressive symptoms in relation to the wait-list control group. This thesis suggests that the internet can be used to assist early detection, measuring acceptance of hearing loss and finally as a treatment modality for persons who experience distress in relation to their hearing loss.
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| 67300. |
- Molander, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation for patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain is a common manifestation of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders; thus it is often suggested that patients undergo generic interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation, despite there being little evidence to support this decision. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of standard rehabilitation programmes for chronic pain on patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders, compared with patients with other chronic pain disorders.SUBJECTS: Data, collected between 2008 and 2016, were extracted from a Swedish national registry. The patient data comprised of 406 cases with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorders, 784 cases with a whiplash-related diagnosis, 3713 cases with diagnoses relating to spinal pain, and 2880 cases of fibromyalgia.METHODS: The differences between groups on key outcome measures from pre- to 1-year follow-up after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation were analysed using linear mixed effects models. Sensitivity analysis in the form of pattern-mixture modelling was conducted to discern the impact of missing data. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in improvements from pre- to 1-year follow-up for patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorder compared with other diagnostic groups regarding measures of health-related quality of life, mental health, or fatigue. At follow-up, differences in pain interference (d = -0.34 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.5 to -0.18)), average pain (d = 0.22 (95% CI 0.11-0.62)) and physical functioning (d = 2.19 (95% CI 1.61-2.77)) were detected for the group with spinal-related diagnoses in relation to those with EDS/HSD, largely due to pre-treatment group differences. Sensitivity analysis found little evidence for missing data influencing the results.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorders may benefit from inclusion in an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programme.
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