| 67291. |
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| 67292. |
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| 67293. |
- Moisander, P.A., et al.
(författare)
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Torture and its sequel - A comparison between victims from six countries
- 2003
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 137:2-3, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare torture victims from six different nations and analyse differences and similarities. From the files of the Centre for Trauma Victims in Stockholm (KTC), 160 patients were selected: 53 patients from Bangladesh, 21 from Iran, 16 from Peru, 24 from Syria, 25 from Turkey, and 21 from Uganda. The data was classified into: (i) information about social conditions and circumstances pertaining to alleged torture, (ii) type of trauma and torture methods, and (iii) acute and late sequel to torture. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were used in the analyses. There was a strong male dominance in all but the Ugandan group where 43% were women. The majority in all but the Turkish group had college exams and/or university studies. Over 84% were members of a political organisation except in the Iranian and Syrian groups, where more than 40% had no political affiliation. The majority in all groups had travelled to Sweden alone to apply for asylum, but most refugees from Turkey, Iran, and Syria had close relatives already living in Sweden. The stories of circumstances and torture methods were similar within each group but differed a great deal between groups. Typically, in Bangladesh, Peru, and Turkey, the periods under arrest were short: from a few hours to 3 days. In Iran, Uganda, and Syria, the time in custody varied from several months to several years. A prison sentence preceded by trial was common only in Iran. Many patients, especially from Bangladesh and Turkey, had been arrested several times. Sensory deprivation by isolation and blindfolding was common in all countries except Uganda and Peru. Beating with fists, sticks, truncheons, etc. were reported in 100% in every group. In Bangladesh, police batons (lathi) were used more commonly than in any other group. Whipping with electric cords occurred frequently only in Iran and Syria. Rape was most often reported among the Ugandans. Genital torture was frequently alleged by patients from Bangladesh and Turkey. Suspension was common in all countries except for Uganda. Falaka, i.e. beating of the soles, and electric torture were common (>60%) in Bangladesh, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Sharp injuries inflicted with knives and bayonets were often seen among the Bangladeshi and Ugandans. Burning injuries due to cigarettes were commonly seen only in patients from Bangladesh. Some methods were found to be almost exclusive for each country: "water treatment" (Bangladesh), the "tyre" (Syria), " telephono" and "submarino" (Peru). The sequel of torture differed in some respects between groups. Fractures were more common among Iranians. Patients from Uganda and Bangladesh had numerous scars. Subjectively reported symptoms were most frequent among Bangladeshi, especially joint pain and ear, nose, and throat symptoms and least frequent among Ugandans. PTSD diagnosed on the basis of a psychiatric interview and psychological tests was found in 69-92% of patients in all groups. The study shows significant differences between countries regarding circumstances, torture methods, and sequel to torture. This knowledge is of value to forensic specialists documenting alleged torture and essential for fair and valid forensic statements. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 67294. |
- Mojumder, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the barriers to green procurement adoption : An exploratory study of the Indian construction industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction sector in India is in the governments intense focus on creating a world-class infrastructure balancing environmental conservation. Adopting green procurement practices by mitigating adoption barriers is necessary for Indian construction firms to achieve the goal. However, none of the existing research identified the comprehensive list of barriers, analysed their impacts on green procurement adoption, prioritized the barriers and formulated the solution strategies to mitigate them and maximize green procurement adoption for the Indian construction sector. To bridge this gap, this study has identified barriers, analysed their impact, prioritized the criticality, and developed the solution strategies to alleviate them. Questionnaire surveys and descriptive sta-tistics are first performed for data analysis of the firms based on the firms size and domain of expertise. Later, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed and identified the significant differences in the impact of the barriers on Indian construction firms having different sizes or domains of expertise. The fuzzy best-worst method (FBWM) is then used to identify the most significant barriers as "reduced commitment from higher management ", "lack of management support ", and "perception of higher cost for adhering to green procurement ". Finally, the Delphi technique and assessment of various portals of the Government of India (GOI) have been carried out to identify the solutions to mitigate the barriers. The research results in an original and unique approach to identifying and analysing the critical barriers to green procurement adoption and their impact on different categories of Indian construction firms. It has identified the topmost barriers and then the solution strategies Indian construction firms and GOI need to focus on to embrace green procurement. The procurement managers can identify the top -rated barriers derived from the present study to closely focus and make strategies to eliminate them, helping their organisations adopt green procurement practices. The solution strategies derived from the study may be ready to implement action plans for construction and infrastructure companies of India, environmental and social development of the country, and assisting the GOI in developing and implementing the policy of green pro-curement for the Indian construction industry.
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| 67295. |
- Mok, Zaneta, et al.
(författare)
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Staging casual conversations for people with dementia.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dementia. - : Sage Publications. - 1471-3012 .- 1741-2684. ; 13:6, s. 834-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social isolation is a key concern for individuals with dementia in long-term care. A possible solution is to promote social interaction between residents. A first step toward facilitating positive relationships between residents with dementia is to understand the mechanisms behind their interactions with each other, and also how their relationships with each other are built through such interactions. Drawing on casual conversations between residents in a special care unit for dementia, this paper uses systemic functional linguistics to examine how people with dementia use language to enact and construct their role-relations with each other. Results suggest people with dementia are able and willing conversationalists. However, factors such as the extent of communication breakdown and compatibility of the interlocutors may influence whether positive relations develop or not. Casual conversation is suggested to be a promising activity to encourage positive interpersonal processes between individuals with dementia in residential care.
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| 67296. |
- Moksnes, Håvard, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing implementation, limited efficacy, and acceptability of the BEAST tool : A rehabilitation and return-to-sport decision tool for nonprofessional athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy in Sport. - : Elsevier BV. - 1466-853X .- 1873-1600. ; 52, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the implementation, limited efficacy, and acceptability of the BEAST (better and safer return to sport) tool - a rehabilitation and return-to-sport (RTS) decision tool after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in nonprofessional athletes.DESIGN: Prospective cohort.PARTICIPANTS: 43 nonprofessional pivoting sport athletes with ACLR.MAIN OUTCOME: Clinician- and athlete-experienced implementation challenges (implementation), changes in quadriceps power, side hop and triple hop performance from 6 to 8 months after ACLR (limited efficacy), athletes' beliefs about the individual rehabilitation and RTS plans produced by the BEAST tool (acceptability).RESULTS: The BEAST tool was developed and then implemented as planned for 39/43 (91%) athletes. Hop and quadriceps power performance improved significantly, with the largest improvement in involved quadriceps power (standardised response mean 1.4, 95% CI:1.1-1.8). Athletes believed the rehabilitation and RTS plan would facilitate RTS (8.2 [SD: 2.0]) and reduce injury risk (8.3 [SD: 1.2]; 0 = not likely at all, 10 = extremely likely).CONCLUSION: The BEAST tool was implemented with few challenges and adjustments were rarely necessary. Athletes had large improvements in quadriceps power and hop performance on the involved leg. Athletes believed that the individual rehabilitation and RTS plans produced by the tool would facilitate RTS and reduce injury risk.
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| 67297. |
-
MoL 2015 : the 14th meeting on the Mathematics of language. Proceedings, July 25-26, Chicago, USA
- 2015
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume contains eleven regular papers and two invited papers. The regular papers, which were selected by the Program Committee from a total of twenty-two submissions, feature a broad variety of work on mathematics of language, including phonology, formal language theory, natural language semantics, and language learning. The invited papers are presented by two distinguished researchers in the field: David McAllester, Professor and Chief Academic Officer at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, and Ryo Yoshinaka, Assistant Professor at Kyoto University.
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| 67298. |
- Molaee-Ardekani, Behnam, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the electrode-electrolyte interface modelling in cochlear implants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2057-1976. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Proposing a good electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) model and properly identifying relevant parameters may help designing safer and more optimized auditory nerve fiber stimulation and recording in cochlear implants (CI). However, in literature, EEI model parameter values exhibit large variability. We aim to explain some root causes of this variability using the Cole model and its simpler form, the Basic RC model. Approach. We use temporal and spectral methods and fit the models to stimulation pulse voltage response (SPVR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. Main Results. Temporal fittings show that there are multiple sets of model parameters that provide a good fit to the SPVR data. Therefore, small methodological differences in literature may result in different model fits. While these models share similar characteristics at high frequencies >500 Hz, the SPVR fitting is blind to low frequencies, thus it cannot correctly estimate the Faradaic resistor. Similarly, the polarization capacitor and its fractional order are not estimated robustly (capacitor variations in the nano- to micro-farad range) due to limited observation of mid-range frequencies. EIS provides a good model fit down to & SIM;3Hz, and thus robust estimation for the polarization capacitor. At lower frequencies charge mechanisms may modify the EEI, requiring multi-compartment Cole model fitting to EIS to improve the estimation of Faradaic characteristics. Our EIS data measurements down to 0.05Hz show that a two-compartment Cole model is sufficient to explain the data. Significance. Our study describes the scope and limitation of SPVR and EIS fitting methods, by which literature variability is explained among CI EEI models. The estimation of mid-to-low-frequency characteristics of the CI EEI is not in the scope of the SPVR method. EIS provides a better fit; however, its results should not be extrapolated to unobserved frequencies where new charge transfer mechanisms may emerge at the EEI.
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| 67299. |
- Molaei, Arman, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Faradic Side Reactions at Novel Carbon Flow-Through Electrodes for Desalination Studied in a Static Supercapacitor Architecture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research. - : Wiley. - 2699-9412. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desalination by capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technique to combine desalination and energy storage. The efficiency of charge storage process, which is equivalent to the desalination process, depends strongly on the presence of Faradic side reactions on the electrode. Herein, the performance of a new low-cost designed flow-through electrode with porous carbon nanoparticles (CP) coating on carbon-fiber paper (CFP) is evaluated. The CP layer enables high capacitance while the CFP core makes fluid dynamics along and across the electrode. The electrodes are evaluated by studying the effective operational CDI parameters, such as operational voltage, degassing of electrolyte, and salt concentration. The Faradic side reaction and its effect on charge efficiency (CE) are evaluated which are estimated to decrease to 46% by liquid flow bringing dissolved oxygen from the air-electrolyte interface to the electrode. The CE enhances to 59% with a salt concentration of 1 m. By purging N-2 gas, CE is much higher (>85%) with a maximum efficiency of 97% at 0.6 V. Three regimes of the complex kinetic of side reactions are found involving various species such as O-2, H2O2, H-2, and carbon oxidation and the implication of those regimes for real applications are discussed.
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| 67300. |
- Molaei, Arman, 1988-
(författare)
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Functionalized Porous Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Applications in Electrochemical Flow Cells
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrosion of metals in close-loop cooling or heating systems originates from tiny leakages at joints releasing oxygen into the thermal fluids. The presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) in thermal fluids, such as water with various additives forms a rust coating and some rust particles are released in the fluids and accumulate in an undesired place. Overall, these phenomena decrease the efficiency of heat exchangers and boilers in energy systems. There are various techniques to remove DO but each has drawbacks either related to their efficiency, cost, or minimum DO level reachable. Herein, we propose an electrochemical technique to achieve a low-cost and efficient deoxygenation. We investigate both the fundamentals and make a proof of concept for a deoxygenation electrolyser that consumes the DO through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). First, we designed a simple and low-cost flow-through electrode by adding macro-porous carbon fiber papers (CFPs) with calibrated loads of carbon microporous particles (CPs) to combine both a high surface area and an open structure for good fluid dynamics. Then, the faradic performance of carbon electrodes is evaluated in a designed static deoxygenation electrolyser that shows three regimes of complex kinetic side reactions involving various species such as O2, H2O2, H2O, and anodic carbon oxidation. The functionalization of redox-active quinone molecules operating by electron mediators over the anode electrode is developed to improve the ORR efficiency and remove the issue of degradation of the carbon anode. Finally, we investigate the use of a new electrocatalytic polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthro-line) (BBL) to drive the ORR toward water instead of forming H2O2. The combination of both the polymer catalyst at the cathode and the quinone molecules designs a path for an efficient deoxygenation electrolyser that could become a key device to slow down corrosion rate and improve the efficiency in energy systems.
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