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Sökning: LAR1:su > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt > Svenska

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  • Aare, Cecilia, 1959- (författare)
  • Reportaget som berättelse : En narratologisk undersökning av reportagegenren
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study ­is the first dissertation where the genre of reportage (in the U.S. classified as literary journalism) is systematically mapped with the help of narratology. Using tools primarily from structural discourse narratology, the thesis examines, describes and maps written reportages as narratives. Rhetorical and cognitive narratology complement the approach. The investigation rests on two assumptions. Firstly, a reporter’s professional purpose is to report about people and states of affairs outside the reporter herself. This results in a contextual commitment, which leaves traces in the narrative in the form of a textual commitment. The latter is in turn divided into narrative empathy and narrative compassion/sympathy. The thesis highlights the creation of narrative structures and stylistic features in reportages and the overall conclusion is that conceptions about a reporter’s professional purpose in fact do influence the narrativity of the text. Secondly, in contrast to news journalism, reportage is a personal genre that can be considered a directed reality: the content is taken from reality but the form is personal and a consequence of the writing reporter’s choices. The thesis presents a narratological model where the text develops in the interplay between three instances: a director, a narrator (in a first-person reportage a narrating reporter) and experiencing characters (in a first-person reportage including an experiencing reporter). The director should be regarded as a structuring property of the text itself. Part 1 provides a historical background to the reportage genre and the social side of the reporter role. In part 2, narrative characteristics of the genre are explored and defined together with the common roots of reportage and novels within realism and naturalism. Part 3 demonstrates how a contextual commitment can be transformed into a textual commitment. Throughout the dissertation, the director model is used to investigate differences and similarities between subcategories within the genre, sometimes between single texts, sometimes between reportage in general and fictional narrative. In part 4, a typology of reportage is presented. The genre is divided into five types of narration, based on the representational relation between how the physical reporter has collected information and in what ways an experiencing reporter is or is not apparent in the text. The thesis ends with a historicization of consonance and dissonance within the reportage genre. Consonance emphasizes the characters’ “here-and-now” and can be found within a broad, classical tradition of eyewitness reporting. Dissonance emphasizes the narrator’s retrospective perspective and can be found within the modernistic type of American New Journalism and in more experimentally written reportages from the most recent decades. The thesis demonstrates how both these ways of narrating may enable the reader’s narrative empathy with someone else than the experiencing reporter.The analyses and conclusions are mainly based on Swedish reportages from 1819 to 2014. This material is complemented with international reportages from 1903 to 2007,  from Norway, Poland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Bohemia, Croatia, Belarus and the U.S. Accordingly, the dissertation demonstrates that traditions of reportage are primarily international and that the observations about narrative patterns within the genre are also relevant outside of Sweden. 
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  • Abdallah, Laila (författare)
  • Forskningsfinansiering genom regional samverkan : Studier i de nya universitetens och högskolornas ekonomi
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Vad kan högskolorna göra för att finansiera forskning i framtiden? Är nya universitet och regionala högskolor beroende av regionala medel för att utveckla forskning ochforskarutbildning? I denna rapport undersöks ett urval högskoleenheter: 1) nya universitet, 2) högskolor som tilldelats vetenskapsområde, samt 3) högskolor som etablerats efter 1996. Sammantaget ingår tre universitet och sju högskolor i undersökningen där finansiering av forskning och forskarutbildning granskas på detaljnivå. Med avseende på forskning och forskarutbildning har högskolorna expanderat snabbt sedan fem år tillbaka. Deras externa forskningsmedel är fortsatt viktiga trots att den statliga direktfinansieringen i flera fall har ökat med 150 procent. Endast 40-45 procent är direkta statliga anslag till forskning och forskarutbildning, vilket jämfört med UoH-sektorn i sin helhet utgör en något lägre andel. Resultaten pekar mot att högskolorna i urvalet i många fall är starkt anknutna till sina regioner. Detta antyds av den höga andelen medel från svenska företag samt från kommuner och landsting. Enligt beräkningarna i rapporten bör drygt tio procent av de totala medlen komma från sådana källor år 2001. Innebörden av detta är att drygt en femtedel av de externa FoU-medlen har någon form av lokal eller regional anknytning. Utöver detta kan noteras att medel från de nya forskningsstiftelserna visar sig vara av stor betydelse och dessa samvarierar i stor utsträckning med de lokala och regionala medlen. Vidare indikerar rapporten att det finns ett starkt samband mellan vetenskapsområde och regional anknytning. De högskolor och universitet som arbetar inom tekniskt vetenskapsområde har en stark och betydande anknytning till regionala forskningsbeställare. Sådan inriktning är samtidigt en konkurrensfördel vad gäller KK-stiftelsens medel. I ett tentativt index som prövas i rapportens andra del konstateras att tre högskoleenheter förtjänar att lyftas fram som framgångsrika i sin regionala samverkan: Mälardalens högskola, Malmö högskola och Karlstads universitet. Dessa har höga andelar FoU-medel från såväl den kommunala sektorn som svenska företag. Rapporten inleds med en problematiserande genomgång som visar att forskning för att vara användbar för företag och kommuner behöver arbeta mot excellens. Internationellt sett starka forskare och forskarmiljöer erbjuder goda samarbetsmöjligheter. Detta fordrar långsiktighet och uthållig forskningsfinansiering. Om de öronmärkta resurser som hittills kanaliserats till nya universitet och högskolor i en framtid kommer att bli mer konkurrensutsatta fordras strategier för att fokusera och koncentrera forskningsmedel. KK-stiftelsens satsningar förefaller ha gått i den riktningen. Frågan är om de regionala forskningsbeställarna kan arbeta i samma riktning?
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  • Abdallah, Laila (författare)
  • Kvinnor, forskning och karriärhinder
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Det nya forskningslandskapet. - Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Studies in Education and Research (Institutet för studier av utbildning och forskning) (SISTER). - 9157804060
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Abiala, Kristina, 1948- (författare)
  • Säljande samspel : en sociologisk studie av privat servicearbete
  • 2000
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Interaction between people can be seen as a distinctive feature of 'post-industrial society'. In this study I investigate some of the conditions for this encounter in private service work in Sweden. I start by discussing some important concepts: service, service encounter and emotional labour. Three parties in an interactional triangle can be perceived: the service enterprise, the service worker and the customer.The service encounter is embedded in organisational frames. Recruiting for social competence and training for selling interaction are two facets of these frames. In interactive service work, control is complicated by the fact that a third party, the customer, is involved and that the borders between worker, work process and result are somewhat indistinct. Indirect forms of control can be used to affect workers' attitudes and thinking, as well as behaviour.Service work can be described as a form of acting. Different service workers will identify differently with their work role. In my study I observe both positive and negative experiences of work. A majority report that they sometimes are so tired of people that they want to be alone after work.I distinguish two dimensions of interactive service work: type of interaction and sales situation. Interaction can be more or less important, and the sales situation can be more or less concealed. Based on these dimensions I suggest a typology to illustrate some differences between different service occupations. Four types are suggested: (1) Work first, and customer later; (2) Personalised services; (3) Routine selling; and (4) Persuasive selling. In the second group we find the experts of interaction, but also the strongest signs of social strain.
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  • Abrahamson, Maria, 1946- (författare)
  • Alkoholkontroll i brytningstid : ett kultursociologiskt perspektiv
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The dissertation is a product of four separate cultural studies, intended to throw light on the changes in Swedish alcohol policy taking place in recent years.Paper 1 discusses factors contributing to the rapid proliferation of restaurants in Sweden in the 1980’s and the subsequent tensions arising from a restrictive legislation, an increasingly liberal legal praxis and the new, public alcohol culture. Urban transformations and changes in public life, the transition from modem to late modernism, the emergence of a new middle class and the redefinition of women’s use of alcohol were among the crucial developments. Beginning in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s, important steps away from the traditionally strict control of restaurants stimulated competition and led to a loosening up of Swedish restaurant culture. By the 1980’s, the restrictive laws governing restaurants had begun to lose legitimacy as legal praxis was applied in an increasingly liberal spirit. The establishment of the Stockholm Water Festival, which allowed central parts of the city to be transformed into a gigantic beer hall, is one example of this. As in many other countries, age limits have now become almost the only actual restriction on the availability of alcohol. Today, rather than protection, the aim of alcohol policy - especially with regard to restaurants - is keeping damage to a minimum.Paper 2 is based on participant observation in three types of restaurants in Stockholm’s city centre. These are characterised as ‘the fashionable bar’, ‘the folksy bar’, and ‘the ethnic bar’. The study takes its starting point in Goffman’s (1956) concepts of ‘performance’, ‘setting’ and ‘personal front’, and how people consciously or unconsciously choose different milieus as a way of controlling the impression of themselves they wish to project. The fashionable bar clearly functioned as an arena for demonstrating professional and social success. The folksy bar could be used as the setting for a form of play in which company colleagues could temporarily set aside their differences in status. The closed room of the ethnic bar encouraged ‘time-out’ behaviour - seeming to serve as a second home, but also as a sex market for contacts between African men and Nordic women.Paper 3 presents an analysis of how five different occupational groups discuss their alcohol habits in serious compared to humorous speech. The occupational areas are media, politics, business, culture and civil service. In serious speech, the speakers tended to value cautious drinking, setting sharp limits as to how and when use of alcohol is appropriate. In humorous speech, the situation was largely the opposite - the interviewees often presenting themselves as being under external constraints with regard to alcohol. The situations that provoked humour are also where we find controversy in serious speech. Discrepancies between alcohol habits and the role model one represents as a parent gave rise to a number of jokes. The parts of serious discourse that concerned other people displayed a very different content, dealing with excessive drinking, not being able to handle alcohol and not being permitted to drink alcohol - a content reflected in humorous form when the interviewees talked about themselves.Paper 4, based on the same interview data as Paper 3, examines the issue of youth and alcohol. Common dividing lines between the groups could be observed, such as describing the problem as an individual, personal or family affair versus seeing it as a problem for the society, or placing responsibility for problem control on the individual as opposed to placing responsibility on the society. Those active in cultural pursuits viewed teenage use and abuse of alcohol as a social problem, but placed responsibility for its solution on a private, individual level. Journalists saw the problem as belonging within the family, which is also where they placed responsibility for the solution. The politicians clearly perceived teenage drinking as a problem for the society and placed responsibility for solutions on outer agents, such as legislation and extensive information campaigns. Civil servants described the problem both in terms of belonging within the family and as a problem for the society. Business executives varied between the level on which they described the problem and the level on which they sought solutions. In considering the problem from the point of view of the consumer, they stressed individual responsibility. But as the discussion progressed, they came to see teenage drinking both as a family problem and a problem for the society and to place responsibility on outer authorities.The four studies are linked together in an introductory chapter within the common framework of Swedish alcohol control policy.
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