| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Energy cost of physical activities in children : Validation of SenseWear Armband
- 2007
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In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : American College of Sports Medicine. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 39:11, s. 2076-2084
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To examine the validity of SenseWear Pro2 Armband in assessing energy cost of physical activities in children, and to contribute with values of energy costs in an overview of physical activities in children. METHODS: Energy cost was assessed by SenseWear Pro2 Armband in 20 healthy children, 11-13 yr, while lying down resting, sitting playing games on mobile phone, stepping up and down on a step board, bicycling on a stationary bike, jumping on a trampoline, playing basketball, and walking/running on a treadmill at the speeds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 km x h(-1). During these activities, energy cost was also assessed from VO2 and VCO2 measured by Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system, which was used as criterion method. RESULTS: The difference in energy cost between SenseWear Pro2 Armband and Oxycon Mobile was -0.7 (0.5) (P < 0.001) for resting, -2.0 (0.9) (P < 0.001) for playing games on mobile phone, -6.6 (2.3) (P < 0.001) for stepping on the step board, -12.0 (3.7) (P < 0.001) for bicycling, -2.7 (11.9) (P = 0.34) for jumping on the trampoline, and -14.8 (6.4) kJ x min(-1) (P < 0.001) for playing basketball. The difference in energy cost between SenseWear Pro2 Armband and Oxycon Mobile for increasing treadmill speed was 1.3 (3.1) (P = 0.048), 0.1 (2.9) (P = 0.82), -1.2 (2.6) (P = 0.049), -1.6 (3.2) (P = 0.044), -3.1 (3.7) (P = 0.0013), -4.9 (3.7) (P < 0.001), -5.3 (3.7) (P < 0.001), and -11.1 (3.5) kJ x min(-1) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SenseWear Pro2 Armband underestimated energy cost of most activities in this study, an underestimation that increased with increased physical activity intensity. A table of energy costs (MET values) of physical activities in children measured by indirect calorimetry is presented as an initiation of the creation of a compendium of physical activities in children
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| 2. |
- Johansson, C. A., et al.
(author)
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A comparison of experiences of training emergency care in military exercises and competences among conscript nurses with different levels of education
- 2007
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In: Military Medicine. - : Association of Military Surgeons. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 172:10, s. 1046-1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The military emergency care education of nurses is primarily concerned with the treatment of soldiers with combat-related injuries. Even though great progress has been made in military medicine, there is still the pedagogical question of what emergency care education for military nurses should contain and how it should be taught. The aim of this study was to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education. A descriptive study was performed to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education in nursing. There were statistical differences between nurses with general nursing education and nurses with a general nursing education and supplementary education. A reasonable implication of the differences is that the curriculum must be designed differently depending on the educational background of the students. Hence, there is an interaction between background characteristics, e.g., the level of previous education and differences pertaining to clinical experience of the participants, and the impact of the exercise itself.
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| 3. |
- Karim, Sazzad, et al.
(author)
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Improved drought tolerance without undesired side effects in transgenic plants producing trehalose
- 2007
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In: Plant Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4412 .- 1573-5028. ; 64:4, s. 371-386
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most organisms naturally accumulating trehalose upon stress produce the sugar in a two-step process by the action of the enzymes trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Transgenic plants overexpressing TPS have shown enhanced drought tolerance in spite of minute accumulation of trehalose, amounts believed to be too small to provide a protective function. However, overproduction of TPS in plants has also been found combined with pleiotropic growth aberrations. This paper describes three successful strategies to circumvent such growth defects without loosing the improved stress tolerance. First, we introduced into tobacco a double construct carrying the genes TPS1 and TPS2 (encoding TPP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both genes are regulated by an Arabidopsis RuBisCO promoter from gene AtRbcS1A giving constitutive production of both enzymes. The second strategy involved stress-induced expression by fusing the coding region of ScTPS1 downstream of the drought-inducible Arabidopsis AtRAB18 promoter. In transgenic tobacco plants harbouring genetic constructs with either ScTPS1 alone, or with ScTPS1 and ScTPS2 combined, trehalose biosynthesis was turned on only when the plants experienced stress. The third strategy involved the use of AtRbcS]A promoter together with a transit peptide in front of the coding sequence of ScTPS1, which directed the enzyme to the chloroplasts. This paper confirms that the enhanced drought tolerance depends on unknown ameliorated water retention as the initial water status is the same in control and transgenic plants and demonstrates the influence of expression of heterologous trehalose biosynthesis genes on Arabidopsis root development.
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| 4. |
- Piikki, Kristin, 1975, et al.
(author)
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The open-top chamber impact on vapour pressure deficit and its consequences for stomatal ozone uptake
- 2008
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 42:26, s. 6513-6522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in open-top chambers (OTCs) was analysed in relation to time of day and ambient meteorology. Effects of observed VPD differences (ΔVPD) between OTCs and the ambient air (AA) on stomatal conductance (gs) were simulated using 10 model functions from the literature. The dataset originated from 17 OTC crop experiments performed in Belgium, Germany and Sweden. ΔVPD is the resulting difference between the OTC effect on es(T), which is the temperature-dependent saturation pressure of water vapour and the OTC effect on ea, which is the prevailing partial pressure of water vapour in the air (ΔVPD = Δes(T) − Δea). Both Δes(T) and Δea were positive during daylight hours. ΔVPD was small in comparison and sensitive to changes in Δes(T) or Δea. ΔVPD was negative between 07:30 and 10:30 and positive thereafter with a maximum at 20:30 (local time). The positive afternoon ΔVPD was due to an early decrease in Δea, probably caused by ceased transpiration, while the positive Δes(T) persisted throughout the evening, most likely because of restrained cooling in the OTCs. Both the negative morning ΔVPD and the positive evening ΔVPD were more pronounced during clear, warm and dry weather. Circumstances when VPD had a stronger limiting effect on gs inside the OTCs compared to in the ambient air coincided with high ambient ozone concentrations ([O3]). Calculated wheat O3 uptake over an [O3] threshold of 40 nmol mol−1 was reduced by 8.7% in OTCs, assuming that VPD was the only factor limiting gs and that gs was the only resistance for O3 uptake. VPD is one factor of considerable importance for gs and the OTC impact on VPD may contribute to an underestimation of O3 effects expressed in relation to the external O3 exposure.
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| 5. |
- Westin, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Encounters in Swedish nursing homes : a hermeneutic study of residents' experiences
- 2007
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 60:2, s. 172-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim. This paper is a report of a study to illuminate and interpret the meaning of residents' experiences of encounters with nurses in nursing homes.Background. A large number of older people suffer from illness and become dependent on other people in their daily living. These people are often in need of care in nursing homes. It is assumed that encounters between nurses and residents are of importance in how residents experience care in nursing homes.Method. Twelve residents from three nursing homes in Sweden were interviewed in 2004–2005 about their experiences in encounters with nurses. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A hermeneutic method was used to describe and interpret the meaning of residents' experiences.Findings. Three themes emerged: 'being somebody', 'being nobody' and 'being in a community'. The encounters had both positive and negative influences on residents, expressed as being somebody and belonging somewhere or being nobody and not being seen as a person or simply being left out of things. Encounters between residents and nurses have a mutual dependency where residents certainly have some influence on the relationship. The nurses have both an influence on the relationship and a professional responsibility for the outcome of encounters with residents.Conclusion. The insights gained from the study can guide nurses in their encounters with residents in nursing homes so that they feel respected as unique human beings and part of a community.
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