| 6221. |
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| 6222. |
- Svanbäck, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Diet specialization in a fluctuating population of Saduria entomon : a consequence of resource or forager densities?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 120:6, s. 848-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraspecific competition has been shown to favor diet specialization among individuals. However, the question whether the competition takes the form of interference or exploitative in driving diet specialization has never been investigated. We investigated individual diet specialization in the isopod Saduria entomon, in relation to forager and resource biomasses in a system that exhibits predator-prey fluctuations in density. We found that individual diet specialization was only affected by the biomass of their preferred prey (Monoporeia affinis) and not by Saduria biomass; diet specialization was higher when Monoporeia biomass was low compared to when there were high Monoporeia biomass. Population diet breadth increased at low Monoporeia biomass whereas individual diet breadths were marginally affected by Monoporeia biomass. Overall, this led to the increase in diet specialization at low Monoporeia biomass. This study shows that predator-prey dynamics might influence diet specialization in the predator and that resource biomass, not forager biomass might be important for individual diet specialization.
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| 6223. |
- Svanevie, Kajsa, 1976-
(författare)
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Ett evidensbaserat socialt arbete för ett livslångt lärande?
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Att vara socionom. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144059907 ; , s. 145-158
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det här kapitlet diskuterar jag hur etablerandet av så kallad evidensbaserad praktik (EBP) i socialt arbete kan bidra till att söka svar på praktikrelevanta och klientfokuserade frågor i syfte att kontinuerligt lära av och förbättra det sociala arbete som bedrivs . Kapitlet utgår från att många av oss som är verksamma i, kring eller för socialt arbete som praktik och disciplin bär med oss en undran om det sociala arbetet verkligen hjälper på det sätt vi hoppas och vill tro.
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| 6224. |
- Svanevie, Kajsa, 1976-
(författare)
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Evidensbaserat socialt arbete : Från idé till praktik
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As an innovation Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is designed as a tool for clinical problem solving. According to its theory of use EBP will bring a difference for policy makers, for professionals, for researchers and for service users. One question to be asked is whether EBP actually leads to the radical social change it is designed to accomplish. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse the outcome of the effort to establish EBP, with a focus on the case of social work in Sweden. The research questions are: What is EBP? Why are efforts made to establish EBP? What is the outcome of the EBP project? How can the outcome of the EBP project be explained?The case study was conducted on a critical realistic meta-theoretical ground with a focus on explanation of social change with an explicit actor-structure perspective. Methodologically, a narrative synthesis of studies was made. As a complement primary data were collected to fill empirical gaps. The state of things was described before and after the EBP-initiatives. Several helping theories – Kuhn’s theory of paradigm, program theory, neo-institutional theory and theory of diffusion – were used to analyse the empirically mapped outcome of the EBP project.The results show that the import of the original model of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) to social work is a part of a wider social movement in the helping and educational professions. The new model has influenced social work as a discipline, as a field of practice and as a field of policy. There are examples of full-scale implementations of EBP, although EBP has not reached a general status as daily practice. Some obstacles remain.The gradual adaption of EBP corresponds to criteria hold by Kuhn for a paradigm shift. Acceptance of the model has contributed to change the structure and function of social systems. At an organizational level, this change means on-going institutionalization. The innovation is influencing the way institutional actors conduct their work. Although the structural conditions have been optimal, the EBP-model has been debated with heat. The EBP-debate and policy-driven infrastructural efforts have brought a more in-depth examination of the model. So-called coercive, normative, and regulative isomorphisms were used to change organizations. The degree of institutionalization depended on the individuals and the organizations willingness and preparedness to change, to understand, and to put the model into practice. When actors used a less strict version of the original EBP model, the pace of cultural and institutional change slowed down.
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| 6225. |
- Svanevie, Kajsa, 1976-
(författare)
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Glapp i EBP-projektet?
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidensbaserad praktik (EBP) är en modell för problemlösning. Modellen bygger på kontinuerlig kunskapsanvändning och självutvärdering, med fokus på resultat för patient eller brukare. En viktig förutsättning för modellens sjösättande är samverkansstrukturer mellan forskning, utbildning, politik och praktik. I modellens idé ligger att överbrygga olika rationaliteter. I uppsatsen betraktas den pågående EBP-etableringen som ett iscensatt paradigmskifte, med potential att medföra en ny professionskultur. Det konstateras att EBP har vunnit mark inom en rad professionsområden så som medicin, klinisk psykologi, omvårdnad, utbildning och socialt arbete. Konkreta uttryck för EBP-rörelsens framväxt är uppbyggnad av evidensorienterade nätverk, struktursatsningar och modellförsök för evidensbaserade praktiker liksom riktade satsningar på kunskapsproduktion om patient- och klienteffekter. Genom detta förefaller vissa konsoliderande processer ha satts i rörelse. Samtidigt har etableringen skett i olika tempo och i olika utsträckning inom olika fält, men också inom olika länder. När det gäller det sociala arbetets fält framgår vid en internationell utblick att struktursatsningar har pågått parallellt i de nordiska länderna. Det finns också gjorda erfarenheter av implementeringsförsök bl.a. i Storbritannien och USA. På liknande sätt som inom andra fält har det rått, och råder fortsatt, kontrovers kring evidenskulturens status, potential och relevans. Uppsatsen uppehåller sig särskilt vid det faktum att det över tid har uppstått olika tolkningar av innebörden i EBP. Genom olika översättningar av modellen har det uppstått glapp. Med detta argumenteras för att ju vidare innehåll och lösare förpackning EBP har getts, desto mindre har de inbyggda kraven på, och förutsättningarna för, en i grunden förändrad professionskultur blivit. Betydelsen av detta diskuteras särskilt i relation till huruvida EBP, genom sin programteori, kan medföra det paradigmskifte som modellen har designats till att åstadkomma av sina nyckelarkitekter.
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| 6226. |
- Svanevie, Kajsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur skulle det gått för barnet? : Om EBP som förhållningssätt inom social barnavård
- 2011
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Ingår i: Socionomen. - Stockholm : Sveriges socionomers, personal- & förvaltningstjänstemäns riksförbund (SSR). - 0283-1929. ; :5, s. 16-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Författarna beskriver hur socialsekreterare kan använda ett förhållningssätt i linje med filosofin bakom en evidensbaserad praktik (EBP). I detta exempel var det svårt att förmedla anknytningsproblematik och allvarliga känslomässiga brister i omsorgen om ett litet barn. Författarna visar hur det med utgångspunkt i BBIC gjordes möjligt att belägga, beskriva och följa upp vårdnadshavarnas omsorgsförmåga och färändringspotential i förhållande till barnets behov av beteende- och känslomässigt stöd för en gynnsam utveckling. De framhåller värdet av ett så tydligt, konkret och välförankrat material som möjligt i utrednings- och biståndsarbete.
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| 6227. |
- Svanevie, Kajsa, 1976-
(författare)
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What sense does the continuous outcome of the great EBP-project make?
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an innovation imported from the field of epidemiology to social work the idea of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is designed as a tool for problem solving. According to its theory of use EBP, as a motor of change, will bring a difference for policy, for practice and for service users. As a travelling idea EBP is though both complex and dynamic. It has not been adopted or implemented with simplicity anywhere spread. The idea has over time been formulated and reformulated. One question to be asked is whether the idea of EBP is actually leading to the radical change it is designed to accomplish. The aim of my study is to describe and analyse results of the ongoing effort to establish EBP in social work. This brings a methodological need to map and analytically make sense of the outcome of the EBP-project, as a planned paradigm shift, at given moments of time and at defined levels of analysis (contexts). The paper addresses how I have outlined a meta-theoretical ground with methodological implications to do this exercise, and how this has brought my study a research map. The meta-theoretical ground of the study is critical realistic which has two significant methodological consequences. First it brings a strong focus on the actor-structure-relationship in my understanding of the object to be studied, and in the empirical mapping of this object on different levels of analysis. Empirical manifestations of relevance to map are related to ideas of use of knowledge and of production of knowledge (i.e. the core elements of the concept of EBP). Actors on different analytical levels are seen to spread and translate these ideas (as an effective cause to the overall effect of the EBP-project). I though regard the overall result of the EBP-project as transformation or reproduction of cultural structures. Methodologically I am making a narrative synthesis of studies of the emergence of EBP, of expressed understandings of the concept of EBP, of studies of EBP-oriented organisations, of the EBP-debates, and of implementation efforts on both policy and practice levels – with an analytical focus on the relation between context-mechanism-outcome. Databases used for systematic search for empirical material in 2003, 2006 and 2009 are Academic Search Full TEXT Elite and Social Sciences Citation Index. I have also made search manually by references. Both secondary data (such as results of analyses of different aspects of the EBP-movement, as well as results from evaluations of EBP-implementation efforts) and primary data (such as debate articles, websites, reports) have been collected in order to continually ‘fill gaps’ in the research map. Second the critical realistic ground brings the study the task of explaining the empirical findings (that is the given outcome of the EBP-establishment). Methodologically this means that I use a battery of helping theory (primary neo-institutional theories) for analytical sense making (explanation) of the results, by revealing social mechanisms.
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| 6228. |
- Svanlund, Jonatan, 1979-
(författare)
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I skuggan av den svenska modellen
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Kvinnors företagande - mål eller medel?. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186203863 ; , s. 36-75
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6229. |
- Svanlund, Jonatan, 1979-
(författare)
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Svensk och finsk upphinnartillväxt : Faktorpris- och produktivitetsutjämning mellan Finland och Sverige 1950-2000
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to gain improved understanding of the income convergence between Finland and Sweden 1950-2000 with a focus on catch-up growth, wage formation, productivity growth, migration and structural change in a setting of structural and institutional differences on the factor markets. Earlier studies of Finnish and Swedish convergence has overlooked the international perspective and therefore missed the general European – US convergence during the period. The results shows that Sweden converged to 80 percent of the US productivity level in the early 1970s and is following US productivity growth thereafter. The Finnish catch-up growth towards the US continues until the beginning of the 1990s. This corresponds well with the convergence of labour productivity between Finland and Sweden which took place around 1970 and the gap was closed in the beginning of the 1990s. The convergence between the countries can therefore be understood from the catch-up growth against the USA and if the countries growth rates are plotted against their income level 1950 one can see that the two countries are well in line with other West European countries. This means that either country is deviating in a positive or negative direction during the period. This is to some extent in contrast with the view that has been put forward in the countries national economic historical writing where Finland is often since as a growth miracle while Sweden especially since 1970s is seen as a case of falling behind. In order to explain the convergence scenario structural and institutional differences on the countries factor markets is examined. One aspect concerns Barry Eichengreens hypothesis regarding wage moderation as cause of the Post-War European convergence. The wage setting system in Sweden has been put forward by Eichengreen as a raw model for the type of institutional setting that would promote wage moderation. One central finding in this thesis is that we can not find support for wage moderation for Sweden as the labour share of the national income rises during the phase of Swedish catch-up growth while the labour income share was constant and periodically falling in Finland. In contrast with the view of the Finnish low interest rate policy during the post- the actual real interest rate was lower in Sweden. There has also been a significant migration flow from Finland to Sweden especially from the 1950s to mid 1970s. In the thesis we find a positive and significant relationship between wage and productivity differences on industry level between the countries. This supports the conclusion that migration was leading towards factor price convergence between the countries. The shift-share analysis shows that there were higher gains for the productivity growth in reallocating labour on the Finnish labour market than in Sweden. This could be explained by the higher share of the labour in the agricultural sector as predicted by Peter Temin.
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| 6230. |
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