| 131. |
- Kallner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeatability imprecision from analysis of duplicates of patient samples and control materials
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:3, s. 210-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement imprecision is usually calculated from measurement results of the same stabilized control material(s) obtained over time, and is therefore, principally, only valid at the concentration(s) of the selected control material(s). The resulting uncertainty has been obtained under reproducibility conditions and corresponds to the conventional analytical goals. Furthermore, the commutability of the control materials used determines whether the imprecision calculated from the control materials reflects the imprecision of measuring patient samples. Imprecision estimated by measurements of patient samples uses fully commutable samples, freely available in the laboratories. It is commonly performed by calculating the results of routine patient samples measured twice each. Since the duplicates are usually analysed throughout the entire concentration interval of the patient samples processed in the laboratory, the result will be a weighted average of the repeatability imprecision measured in the chosen measurement intervals or throughout the entire interval of concentrations encountered in patient care. In contrast, the uncertainty derived from many measurements of control materials over periods of weeks is usually made under reproducibility conditions. Consequently, the repeatability and reproducibility imprecision play different roles in the inference of results in clinical medicine. The purpose of the present review is to detail the properties of the imprecision calculated by duplicates of natural samples, to explain how it differs from imprecision calculated from single concentrations of control materials, and to elucidate what precautions need to be taken in case of bias, e.g. due to carry-over effects.
|
|
| 132. |
- Kallner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Response to Dr. Sadlers comments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:6, s. 448-449
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
|
|
| 133. |
- Karlén, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Cortisol in hair measured in young adults - a biomarker of major life stressors?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: BMC Clinical Pathology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6890. ; 11:1, s. 12-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stress as a cause of illness has been firmly established. In public health and stress research a retrospective biomarker of extended stress would be an indispensible aid. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate whether concentrations of cortisol in hair correlate with perceived stress, experiences of serious life events, and perceived health in young adults. Methods Hair samples were cut from the posterior vertex area of (n = 99) university students who also answered a questionnaire covering experiences of serious life events, perceived Stress Scale and perceived health during the last three months. Cortisol was measured using a competitive radioimmunoassay in methanol extracts of hair samples frozen in liquid nitrogen and mechanically pulverised. Results Mean cortisol levels were significantly related to serious life events (p = 0.045), weakly negatively correlated to perceived stress (p = 0.025, r = -0.061) but nor affected by sex, coloured/permed hair, intake of pharmaceuticals or self-reported health. In a multiple regression model, only the indicator of serious life events had an independent (p = 0.041) explanation of increased levels of cortisol in hair. Out of four outliers with extremely high cortisol levels two could be contacted, both reported serious psychological problems. Conclusions These findings suggest that measurement of cortisol in hair could serve as a retrospective biomarker of increased cortisol production reflecting exposure to major life stressors and possibly extended psychological illness with important implications for research, clinical practice and public health. Experience of serious life events seems to be more important in raising cortisol levels in hair than perceived stress.
|
|
| 134. |
- Karlén, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Early Psychosocial Exposures, Hair Cortisol Levels, and Disease Risk
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 135:6, s. E1450-E1457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Early psychosocial exposures are increasingly recognized as being crucial to health throughout life. A possible mechanism could be physiologic dysregulation due to stress. Cortisol in hair is a new biomarker assessing long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. The objective was to investigate whether early-life adverse psychosocial circumstances influence infant cortisol levels in hair and health outcomes in children prospectively until age 10. METHODS: A cohort study in the general community using a questionnaire covering 11 psychosocial items in the family during pregnancy and the cumulative incidence of diagnoses until age 10 years in 1876 children. Cortisol levels in hair were measured by using a radioimmunoassay in those with sufficient hair samples at age 1, yielding a subsample of n = 209. RESULTS: Children with added psychosocial exposures had higher infant cortisol levels in hair (B = 0.40, P less than .0001, adjusted for gender and size for gestational age) in a cumulative manner and were significantly more often affected by 12 of the 14 most common childhood diseases, with a general pattern of increasing odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the model of physiologic dysregulation as a plausible mechanism by which the duration and number of early detrimental psychosocial exposures determine health outcomes. The model indicates that the multiplicity of adversities should be targeted in future interventions and could help to identify children who are at high risk of poor health. Furthermore, given the prolonged nature of exposure to a stressful social environment, the novel biomarker of cortisol in hair could be of major importance.
|
|
| 135. |
- Karlén, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of prenatal psychosocial exposures on hair cortisol levels and child health : cohort study
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Early psychosocial exposures are increasingly recognized as crucial for health throughout life. A possible mechanism could be physiologic dysregulation due to stress. Cortisol in hair is a new biomarker, assessing long-term HPA axis activity. The objective was to investigate whether prenatal adverse psychosocial circumstances influence infant cortisol levels in hair and health outcome in children prospectively until age 10.Methods True prospective cohort study in the general community with a questionnaire covering 11 psychosocial items in the family during pregnancy formed a composite scale of prenatal psychosocial vulnerability, and cumulative incidence of diseases through diagnoses until age 10 in n=1876 children. At age 1, cortisol levels in hair were measured using a competitive radioimmunoassay on a subsample of n=209.Results Children with added prenatal psychosocial exposures had higher infant cortisol levels in hair (B=0.40, p<0.0001, adjusted for gender and size for gestational age) in a cumulative manner and were more often (p≤0.05) affected by 12 of the 14 most common childhood diagnoses with a general pattern of rising ORs.Conclusions These findings support the model of physiologic dysregulation as a plausible mechanism in how the duration and number of early detrimental psychosocial exposures determine health outcome. It indicates that the multiplicity of adversities should be targeted in future interventions and could help to identify children who are at high risk of poor health. Furthermore, given the prolonged nature of exposure to a stressful social environment, the novel biomarker of cortisol in hair could be of major importance.
|
|
| 136. |
- Karlén, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal Influence on Child HPA Axis: A Prospective Study of Cortisol Levels in Hair
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 132:5, s. E1333-E1340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate cortisol concentrations in hair as biomarker of prolonged stress in young children and their mothers and the relation to perinatal and sociodemographic factors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: Prospective cohort study of 100 All Babies In Southeast Sweden study participants with repeated measures at 1, 3, 5, and 8 years and their mothers during pregnancy. Prolonged stress levels were assessed through cortisol in hair. A questionnaire covered perinatal and sociodemographic factors during the childs first year of life. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: Maternal hair cortisol during the second and third trimester and child hair cortisol at year 1 and 3 correlated. Child cortisol in hair levels decreased over time and correlated to each succeeding age, between years 1 and 3 (r = 0.30, P = .002), 3 and 5 (r = 0.39, P andlt; .001), and 5 and 8 (r = 0.44, P andlt; .001). Repeated measures gave a significant linear association over time (P andlt; .001). There was an association between high levels of hair cortisol and birth weight (beta = .224, P = .020), nonappropriate size for gestational age (beta = .231, P = .017), and living in an apartment compared with a house (beta = .200, P = .049). In addition, we found high levels of cortisol in hair related to other factors associated with psychosocial stress exposure. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS: Correlation between hair cortisol levels in mothers and their children suggests a heritable trait or maternal calibration of the childs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Cortisol output gradually stabilizes and seems to have a stable trait. Cortisol concentration in hair has the potential to become a biomarker of prolonged stress, especially applicable as a noninvasive method when studying how stress influences childrens health.
|
|
| 137. |
- Kawa, Lizan, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of galanin and its receptors are perturbed in a rodent model of mild, blast-induced traumatic brain injury
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 279, s. 159-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The symptomatology, mood and cognitive disturbances seen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) overlap considerably. However the pathological mechanisms underlying the two conditions are currently unknown. The neuropeptide galanin has been suggested to play a role in the development of stress and mood disorders. Here we applied bio- and histochemical methods with the aim to elucidate the nature of any changes in the expression of galanin and its receptors in a rodent model of mbTBI. In situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies revealed significant, injury induced changes, in some cases lasting at least for one week, in the mRNA levels of galanin and/or its three receptors, galanin receptor 1-3 (GalR1-3). Such changes were seen in several forebrain regions, and the locus coeruleus. In the ventral periaqueductal gray GalR1 mRNA levels were increased, while GalR2 were decreased. Analysis of galanin peptide levels using radioimmunoassay demonstrated an increase in several brain regions including the locus coeruleus, dorsal hippocampal formation and amygdala. These findings suggest a role for the galanin system in the endogenous response to mbTBI, and that pharmacological studies of the effects of activation or inhibition of different galanin receptors in combination with functional assays of behavioral recovery may reveal promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in mbTBI. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 138. |
- Kokaia, Merab, et al.
(författare)
-
Suppressed kindling epileptogenesis in mice with ectopic overexpression of galanin
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 98:24, s. 14006-14011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin has been shown to suppress epileptic seizures. In cortical and hippocampal areas, galanin is normally mainly expressed in noradrenergic afferents. We have generated a mouse overexpressing galanin in neurons under the platelet-derived growth factor B promoter. RIA and HPLC analysis revealed up to 8-fold higher levels of galanin in transgenic as compared with wild-type mice. Ectopic galanin overexpression was detected especially in dentate granule cells and hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. Galanin-overexpressing mice showed retardation of seizure generalization during hippocampal kindling, a model for human complex partial epilepsy. The high levels of galanin in mossy fibers found in the transgenic mice were further increased after seizures. Frequency facilitation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, a form of short-term synaptic plasticity assessed in hippocampal slices, was reduced in mossy fiber-CA3 cell synapses of galanin-overexpressing mice, indicating suppressed glutamate release. This effect was reversed by application of the putative galanin receptor antagonist M35. These data provide evidence that ectopically overexpressed galanin can be released and dampen the development of epilepsy by means of receptor-mediated action, at least partly by reducing glutamate release from mossy fibers.
|
|
| 139. |
- Koppner, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Stress and perceived health among primary care visitors in two corners of Europe: Scandinavia and Greece
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Geographics. - : BMC. - 1476-072X. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The global financial crisis emerging in 2008 struck Greece especially hard, whereas Scandinavian countries were less affected. This has created a unique opportunity to study the long-term effect of community stress on populations. Increasing frequencies of mental health issues and poorer perceived health among the Greek population have been reported. The physiological marker of long-term stress, cortisol in hair, is applied in this study together with measures of perceived health and stress, depression and anxiety. Our aim was to study self-reported and physiological stress, perceived health, including mental health, in the general population of Greece compared to Scandinavia, in order to assess long-term effects of the economic crisis on these parameters. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study of adult (18-65 years) Primary Health Care visitors from semi-rural areas in Greece (n = 84) and Scandinavia (n = 140). Data collection was performed in 2012, and encompassed a questionnaire with a variety of health and stress indicators as well as hair samples for analyzes of cortisol levels. Results The Greek sample reported significantly poorer overall health (p < 0.0001) than the Scandinavians and a significantly higher perceived stress (p < 0.0001). The Greeks were also less hopeful of the future (p < 0.0001), and to a larger extent fulfilled the HAD criteria for depression (p < 0.0001) and anxiety (p = 0.002). The strongest predictors explaining ill health in logistic regressions were being Greek (p = 0.001) and feeling hopeless about the future p = 0.001, OR = 6.00 (CI 2.10-14.88). Strong predictors in logistic regressions for high perceived stress were anxiety: high (p < 0.0001) and medium (p = 0.0001), as well as medium depression (p = 0.02). Conclusions Greek adult Primary Health Care visitors perceived their health more negatively than the Scandinavians, including a higher presence of depression, anxiety, and a lower hope for the future. The Greeks also reported higher perceived stress, but this was not reflected in higher cortisol levels. The findings presented here, identify possible adverse long-term effects of the economic crisis in the examined Greek population that are not seen in the Scandinavian cohort. These differences may also be interpreted against the background of socio-cultural differences in the northern and south-eastern corners of Europe.
|
|
| 140. |
- Kristoffersen, Laila, et al.
(författare)
-
Skin-to-skin contact during eye examination did not reduce pain compared to standard care with parental support in preterm infants
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1434-1440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: We compared the pain relieving effect of skin-to-skin contact versus standard care in the incubator during screening for retinopathy of prematurity.METHODS: This randomised crossover study included 35 preterm infants of less than 32 weeks of gestational age admitted to St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between January 2014 and June 2016. Randomisation was for skin-to-skin with one of the parents or standard care with supportive positioning by parents for the first of two consecutive eye examinations. The pain score was measured twice using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) during and after the eye examination. The infants' movement activity was video recorded after the examination.RESULTS: There was no difference in mean pain scores with skin-to-skin contact versus standard care during (10.2 vs. 10.3, p = 0.91) or after (7.0 vs. 6.8, p = 0.76) the procedure. Independent of the randomisation group, PIPP scores were lower than previous comparable studies have found. Bouts of movement activity were also the same whether the examination was conducted in skin-to-skin position or in the incubator (p = 0.91).CONCLUSION: Skin-to-skin contact during the eye examination did not provide additional pain relief compared to standard care where the parents were already a part of the multidimensional approach.
|
|
