| 6271. |
- Szal, Bożena, et al.
(author)
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Influence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement on cucumber leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism
- 2010
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In: Planta. - : Springer. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 232:6, s. 1371-1382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MSC16 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mitochondrial mutant was used to study the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbed subcellular redox state on leaf day/night carbon and nitrogen metabolism. We have shown that the mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had no effect on photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation, but the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and starch was higher in leaves of MSC16 plants. Impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was associated with the perturbation of mitochondrial TCA cycle manifested, e.g., by lowered decarboxylation rate. Mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had different influence on leaf cell metabolism under dark or light conditions. In the dark, when the main mitochondrial function is the energy production, the altered activity of TCA cycle in mutated plants was connected with the accumulation of pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates (citrate and 2-OG). In the light, when TCA activity is needed for synthesis of carbon skeletons required as the acceptors for NH(4) (+) assimilation, the concentration of pyruvate and TCA intermediates was tightly coupled with nitrate metabolism. Enhanced incorporation of ammonium group into amino acids structures in mutated plants has resulted in decreased concentration of organic acids and accumulation of Glu.
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| 6272. |
- Szlinder-Richert, Joanna, et al.
(author)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in selected fish species from the southern Baltic Sea
- 2010
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In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 78:6, s. 695-700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in selected fish species that were collected from the southern Baltic in the 2004-2006 period. Differences in concentrations of PBDEs among the fish species were observed. The mean summation operator(7)PBDE concentrations measured in herring (Clupeaharengus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), and salmon (Salmo salar) samples were 1.2ngg(-1) wet weight, 1.6ngg(-1) wet weight, and 2.5ngg(-1) wet weight, respectively. PBDE-47 was the prevalent congener in all the samples tested. PBDE concentrations in the herring samples tested in the current study were similar to those determined in herring sampled in the northern Baltic, but slightly lower in comparison with concentrations in fish from the Belgian North Sea. PBDE levels occurring in salmon sampled in the southern Baltic were lower than those measured in the northern and northeastern Baltic, but similar to levels determined in salmon from the central part of the Baltic Sea. The risk posed by consuming the fish tested in the current study was evaluated according to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) value for PBDEs recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
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| 6273. |
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| 6274. |
- Szymlek-Gay, Ewa A, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity among cancer survivors : A literature review
- 2011
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In: New Zealand medical journal (Print). - : New Zealand Medical Association. - 0028-8446 .- 1175-8716. ; 124:1337
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Physical activity offers a variety of health benefits to cancer survivors, both during and post-treatment. The aim here is to review: the preferences of cancer survivors regarding exercise counselling and participation in a physical activity programme; adherence rates among cancer survivors to physical activity programmes; and predictors of adherence to exercise training. Methods Two electronic databases, Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to Present with Daily Update and SCOPUS, were used to undertake literature searches for studies examining exercise preferences of adult cancer survivors, and physical activity programmes for adults at any point of the cancer trajectory. Results Studies suggest that, while physical activity levels are low among cancer survivors, most are interested in increasing their participation. Preferences and adherence to physical activity programmes differ across a range of demographic, medical, and behavioural variables, suggesting the importance of tailoring exercise programmes to patient-specific and disease-specific needs. Conclusions Current evidence supports the benefits of physical activity for improving risk factors associated with cancer prognosis. Physical activity programmes developed for oncology patients and cancer survivors need to take into account the needs of the target population in order to optimise adherence, outcomes, and long-term behavioural changes in this population.
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| 6275. |
- Szymlek-Gay, Ewa A, et al.
(author)
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Quantities of foods consumed by 12-to 24 month-old New Zealand children
- 2010
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In: Nutrition & Dietetics. - : Wiley. - 1747-0080 .- 1446-6368. ; 67:4, s. 244-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The present study aimed to estimate small, median and large daily quantities of frequently consumed foods and identify which food groups are important sources of key micronutrients for 12- to 24-month-old New Zealand children. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three cities in the South Island of New Zealand. Healthy toddlers (n = 188) were randomly selected using multistage sampling. Three non-consecutive 1-day weighed food records were collected from each child and the frequencies and daily quantities of foods and beverages, and important sources of iron and zinc, were determined. Results: Fifty percent or more of the children consumed the following foods at least once over 3 days (median gram intake among toddlers who consumed the food): milk (366 g), white bread (29 g), banana (70 g), potato (34 g), cheese (12 g), apple (39 g), ‘Weetbix’ whole-wheat breakfast cereal (16 g), yeast extract spread (‘Marmite’, ‘Vegemite’) (2 g), carrot (17 g) and margarine (4 g). Dairy, cereals and the meat/fish/poultry/eggs/nuts food group were the most important sources of iron and zinc in the toddlers' diets, providing 69.1% of iron and 86.3% of zinc. Conclusion: This research provides dietitians, other health professionals, researchers and policy-makers with detailed information on daily quantities of foods and beverages frequently consumed by toddlers that can be used for dietetic counselling, dietary assessment, and to develop food-based dietary guidelines specifically for toddlers.
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| 6276. |
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| 6277. |
- Söderberg, Charlotta, 1978-
(author)
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Environmental policy integration in bioenergy : policy learning across sectors and levels?
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A central principle within UN and EU policy is environmental policyintegration (EPI), aiming at integrating environmental aspirations, targetsand requirements into sector policy in order to promote sustainabledevelopment. The focus of this study is EPI in bioenergy policy. Bioenergy isa renewable energy source of increasing importance in the EU and Swedishenergy mix. At the same time, it is debated how environmentally friendlybioenergy really is. Furthermore, bioenergy can be considered both a multisectorand a multi-level case, since bioenergy is produced in many differentsectors and bioenergy policy is formulated and implemented on differentlevels. Therefore, EPI in bioenergy policy is here analysed over time in twosectors (energy and agriculture) and on three levels (EU, national, subnational).A cognitive, policy learning perspective on EPI is adopted, tracingEPI through looking for reframing of policy towards incorporatingenvironmental objectives in policy rhetoric and practice. Furthermore,institutional and political explanations for the development are discussed.Paper I analyses EPI in Swedish bioenergy policy within energy andagriculture. Paper II analyses institutional conditions for multi-sector EPI inSwedish bioenergy policy. Paper III analyses EPI in EU bioenergy policywithin energy and agriculture. Paper IV analyses sub-national EPI in thecase of the Biofuel Region in north Sweden. The material examined consistsof policy documents complemented by semi-structured interviews. Together, the four papers provide a more complex and holistic picture ofthe EPI process than in previous research, which mainly has focused onstudying EPI in single sectors and on single levels. The study shows thatpriorities are different on different levels; that EPI has varied over time; butthat EPI today is detectable within bioenergy policy in both studied sectorsand on all levels. Policy learning in bioenergy is found to be mainly a topdownprocess. Furthermore, policy coherence between sectors and levels;long-term goals; and concrete policy instruments are found to be importantboth for the EPI process as such and for the outcomes from this process.However, when attempting to marry different goals, such as growth, securityand sustainability, in line with the three-tiered (economic, social, ecologic)sustainable development concept, environmental aspects risks not to beprioritised when goal conflicts arise. The study proposes that future researchboth continues the analysis of multi-sector and multi-level EPI, and furtherexplores to what extent ecological sustainability is improved by EPI.
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| 6278. |
- Söderberg, Charlotta, 1978-
(author)
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Institutional conditions for multi-sector environmental policyintegration in Swedish bioenergy policy
- 2011
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In: Environmental Politics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0964-4016 .- 1743-8934. ; 20:4, s. 528-546
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What institutional conditions seem relevant for multi-sector EPI, and itsoutcomes? Analysing the Swedish bioenergy policy process, which represents apositive case of multi-sector EPI, this article argues that open actor access, useof environmental knowledge, monitoring mechanisms, and both environmentsectoraland inter-sectoral policy coordination are conducive for multi-sectorEPI, which is also affected by external events. For achieving outcomes frommulti-sector EPI, monitoring mechanisms as well as inter-sectoral policycoordination are important.
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| 6279. |
- Söderberg, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Is the test result correct? A questionnaire study of blood collection practices in primary health care
- 2010
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In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:4, s. 707-711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectives Venous blood tests are important for clinical decision making. Most errors in blood testing are due to human errors before the blood samples reach the laboratory. The present study was designed to investigate venous blood sampling (VBS) practices in primary health care centres (PHCs) compared with clinical laboratory staff.Method A cross-sectional survey of 70 PHCs and two clinical laboratories is conducted. All staff responsible for VBS (317 respondents, response rate 94%) completed a questionnaire on VBS practices.Results Instructions for VBS were not followed in the surveyed PHCs. For example, only 54% reported that they always identified the patient by using name/Swedish identification number and only 5% reported that they always used photo-ID, the two preferred means for patient identification. Only 12% reported that they always released venous stasis as soon as possible. Fewer PHC staff than clinical laboratory staff reported correct VBS practices. For example, 54% of the PHC staff reported that they always identified the patient by name and Swedish identification number, as compared with 95% of the clinical laboratory staff (P < 0.001). Documented VBS routines and re-education in VBS were not clearly associated with reported correct VBS practices.Conclusions In the surveyed PHCs, there are clinically important risks for misidentification of patients and erroneous test results, with consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Quality interventions, aimed at improving VBS practices, are needed to ensure patient safety.
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| 6280. |
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