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- Almqvist, Linnea, 1987-
(författare)
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Asthma epidemiology : prognosis of asthma with onset in childhood and in adulthood
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: to update the knowledge on the epidemiology of asthma with onset in childhood and adulthood as well as examine the importance of risk factors in early childhood and clinical characteristics on the incidence and prognosis of asthma.Methods: The thesis is based on the epidemiological research program Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies. Pediatric cohort: recruited in 1996 (age 8y, n=3430, 97% of invited) and followed annually by questionnaire about asthma, allergy and risk factors until 19y and a postal questionnaire at 28y. Clinical examinations included skin prick tests (SPT at 8, 12 and 19y) and spirometry (19y). Adult cohort: 309 adults (age 20–60y) with asthma onset in the last 12 months were recruited 1995-99 and re-examined in 2012-14 (n=205). Structured interviews, spirometry and SPT were performed at recruitment and follow-up and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) at recruitment.Results: The asthma incidence rate was 10-13/1000/year in childhood and adolescence and 6/1000/year in young adulthood. Several risk factors in early life were associated with asthma onset in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, e.g. family history of asthma, <3 months breastfeeding, rhinoconjunctivitis and positive SPT at 8y, while low birthweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, severe respiratory infections and eczema were associated with onset in childhood and adolescence. Among those with asthma at 8y, 62% still had asthma at 28y and this was associated with positive SPT, rhinoconjunctivitis, severe respiratory infection in childhood, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in adolescence. Coexistence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema increased by age, especially among those with a positive SPT. However, having all three conditions was uncommon. In the 15y follow-up adult onset asthma, 89% had persistent asthma. Better lung function at recruitment and less severe BHR was associated with remission. Remission rate of adult onset asthma was <1% per year.Conclusion: The incidence of asthma was high during childhood and adolescence and then decreased in young adulthood. Factors in early life that were associated with incident asthma during childhood were still associated with the incidence in adult age. Among those with asthma onset by 8 years, 62%, still had asthma as young adults. The coexistence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema varied from 8 to 28y without following a specific pattern, only a small proportion reported having all three conditions. Remission of adult onset asthma was rare.
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- Andersson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Miracle and Malaise : Social Capability in Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal during the Development Era 1930-1980
- 2019
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Ingår i: Studies in Comparative International Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0039-3606 .- 1936-6167. ; 54:2, s. 210-232
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the outcome of the efforts to economically catch up during the so-called development era in French speaking West Africa. An attempt is made to measure and discuss key elements of social capability over the period 1930-1980 in Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal following Moses Abramovitz' interpretation of social capability. The paper distinguishes between four elements of social capability: degree of structural transformation, social and economic inclusion, the state's autonomy and its accountability. We find that there was significant but uneven progress in social capability in both countries during the development era. Despite their differences in economic performance both countries confronted fundamental shared challenges. Most notably, our analysis highlights how persistent lack of broad-based access to economic opportunities played a significant role in disrupting sustained economic and social progress in the two countries. This gives an opportunity to reflect on similarities and differences between the development era and the recent African growth phase.
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- Andersson, Jon Martin, 1976-
(författare)
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Controlling the Formation and Stability of Alumina Phases
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, physical phenomena related to the growth and phase formation of alumina, Al2O3, are investigated by experiments and computer calculations. Alumina finds applications in a wide variety of areas, due to many beneficial properties and several existing crystalline phases. For example, the α and κ phases are widely used as wear-resistant coatings due to their hardness and thermal stability, while, e.g., the metastable γ and θ phases find applications as catalysts or catalyst supports, since their surface energies are low and, hence, they have large surface areas available for catalytic reactions.The metastable phases are involved in transition sequences, which all irreversibly end in the transformation to the stable α phase at about 1050 °C. As a consequence, the metastable aluminas, which can be grown at low temperatures, cannot be used in high temperature applications, since they are destroyed by the transformation into α. In contrast, α-alumina, which is the only thermodynamically stable phase, typically require high growth temperatures (~1000 °C), prohibiting the use of temperature sensitive substrates. Thus, there is a need for increasing the thermal stability of metastable alumina and decreasing the growth temperature of the α phase.In the experimental part of this work, hard and single-phased α-alumina thin films were grown by magnetron sputtering at temperatures down to 280 °C. This dramaticdecrease in growth temperature was achieved by two main factors. Firstly, the nucleation stage of growth was controlled by pre-depositing a chromia “template” layer, which is demonstrated to promote nucleation of α-alumina. Secondly, it is shown that energetic bombardment was needed to sustain growth of the α phase. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry measurements demonstrate that the likely source of energetic bombardment, in the present case, was oxygen ions/atoms originating from the target surface. Overall, these results demonstrate that low-temperature α-alumina growth is possible by controlling both the nucleation step of growth as well as the energetic bombardment of the growing film. In addition, the mass spectrometry studies showed that a large fraction of the deposition flux consisted of AlO molecules, which were sputtered from the target. Since the film is formed by chemical bonding between the depositing species, this observation is important for the fundamental understanding of alumina thin film growth.In the computational part of the work, the effect of additives on the phase stability of α- and θ-alumina was investigated by density functional theory calculations. A systematic study was performed of a large number of substitutional dopants in the alumina lattices. Most tested dopants tended to reverse the stability between α- and θ-alumina; so that, e.g., Modoping made the θ phase energetically favored. Thus, it is possible to stabilize the metastable phases by additives. An important reason for this is the physical size of the dopant ions with respect to the space available within the alumina lattices. For example, large ions induced θ stabilization, while ions only slightly larger than Al, e.g., Co and Cu, gave a slight increase in the relative stability of the α phase. We also studied the stability of some of these compounds with respect to pure alumina and other phases, containing the dopants, with the result that phase separations are energetically favored and will most likely occur at elevated temperatures.
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- Andersson-LI, Martin
(författare)
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Undersökning av flodnejonöga och svartmunnad smörbult i Gotlands vattendrag
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- eDNA (environmental DNA) har under det senaste decenniet visat sig vara ett lovande verktyg för inventering av vattenorganismer inom miljöövervakning och andra miljöundersökningar. Undersökningsmetoden baserar sig på det faktum att alla levande organismer, både växter och djur, kontinuerligt avger genetiska avtryck i miljön i form av slem, avföring, svett och döda celler. Dessa genetiska spår kallas eDNA. Akvatiskt eDNA är spåren som organismer avger i vattenmiljön. eDNA kan utvinnas ur små mängder vatten och genom molekylära analyser ange vilka arter som befinner sig inom ett område utan att man vare sig ser eller fångar in organismen. Eftersom eDNA i vattenmassan är kortlivat ger analyserna en bild av artförekomst i nutid. AquaBiota har på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen Gotland inhämtat och sammanställt eDNA- analyser för flodnejonöga och svartmunnad smörbult i 25 lokaler. Provtagningsplanen, framtagen av WSP, innehöll ursprungligen 31 lokaler men då sex av lokalerna var uttorkade vid provtagningstillfället inventerades endast 25. Flodnejonöga hade säkerställd positiv detektion i sju lokaler och en ytterligare lokal där 1/3 delprov påvisade förekomst. Detektion av svartmunnad smörbult gjordes vid tre lokaler i Bungevik, Gothemså och Skarnviksån på Gotlands östsida. Detektioner av både flodnejonöga och svartmunnad smörbult skedde i områden där arterna observerats tidigare under den senaste 15 års-perioden (Artfakta). Detektion av svartmunnad smörbult gjordes dock i sötvatten som var hydrologiskt avgränsad från kusten i lokalerna vid Gothemså och Skarnviksån. Vi bedömer därmed att detektion ska tolkas som att svartmunnad smörbult nyligen befunnits sig i avrinningsområdet uppströms om provtagningslokalerna. Detta är första gången enligt Artfakta och oss veterligen som svartmunnad smörbult rapporterats i limniska system på Gotland.
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