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  • Resultat 5451-5460 av 9345
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5451.
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5452.
  • Karlsson, Michael, 1970- (författare)
  • Rituals of Transparency : Evaluating online news outlets’ uses of transparency rituals in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 11:4, s. 535-545
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transparency has been suggested as a new norm in journalism. However, few studies have investigated how the overarching notion of transparency is utilized in everyday news. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare how leading mainstream online news media in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden make use of transparency techniques in news items. The results show that transparency has begun to affect online news but that current journalism practice is a long way from a fully fledged transparency norm.
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5453.
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5454.
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5455.
  • Karlsson, Mona (författare)
  • Sentinel node based immunotherapy of cancer
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The tumor draining lymph node, the sentinel node, is regarded as a valuable station for staging and evaluating prognoses for patients with cancer. The object of this thesis was to investigate the immune response against solid cancers and to explore the sentinel node as a source of naturally occurring tumor reactive lymphocytes, for further activation and expansion in vitro for the purpose of immunotherapy. Since mortality rates in colon cancer and urinary bladder cancer are high, in spite of surgery and chemotheraphy, immunotherapy may offer an appealing complement with possible long-term protection against tumor recurrence through immunological memory. We have demonstrated that sentinel nodes from patients with urinary bladder cancer and colon cancer contain tumor reactive immune responses. Sentinel node acquired lymphocytes proliferated dose dependently when subjected to autologous tumor extract and produced the Th1 cytokine IFN-ã, whereas tumor infiltrating lymphocytes responded poorly. However, the responses in sentinel node acquired lymphocytes harvested from metastatic lymph nodes were dampened or absent, suggesting tumor induced immunosuppression. Using long term cultures in the presence of IL-2 and autologous tumor extract, the state of anergy was overcome, since proliferation and functional production of IFN-ã were restored. Thus, the sentinel node seems to be the predominant location for activation and expansion of tumor-reactive lymphocytes, cells that can be cultured and expanded in vitro. Since the sentinel node is the predominant location for metastases, we have developed a flow cytometry based assay, using antibodies directed against the cell surface markers EpCAM and CA19-9 to ensure tumor free expansion. We were able to detect very low levels of tumor cells in single cell suspensions. By using the combination of two cell surface markers, the problem of downregulated protein expression by tumor cells could be avoided. Sentinel nodes were recovered intraoperatively from 16 patients with colon cancer for adoptive immunotherapy. Sentinel node acquired lymphocytes were collected, activated and expanded against autologous tumour extract. The procedure promoted mainly the clonal expansion of T helper 1 lymphocytes, producing IFN-ã upon stimulation with tumor extract. On average, 71 million activated and clonally expanded autologous T lymphocytes were transfused back to each patient. No toxic side-effects or other adverse advents were observed. Four Dukes D patients displayed complete responses with clearance of tumor burden, they have an overall average survival of 38 months. Interestingly we could demonstrate a dose response since the patients with partial response or stable disease received significantly fewer lymphocytes than patients with complete responses. The cumulative survival of immunotherapy treated patients compared with all Dukes D cases in the Stockholm region during the year of 2003, demonstrates a significant increased survival in the immunotheraphy treated group, with an average survival of 2.6 years compared to 0.8 years for the control group (P=0.048). In conclusion, sentinel node acquired lymphocytes can be harvested, cultured and clonally expanded in vitro with maintained functionality. Immunotherapy using expanded sentinel node acquired lymphocytes is feasible, safe without apparent side effects and seems to induce tumor regression in patients with colorectal cancer.
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5456.
  • Karlsson, Martin, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • The political blog space : A new arena for political representation?
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: New Media and Society. - : Sage Publications. - 1461-4448 .- 1461-7315. ; 18:3, s. 465-483
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While the academic interest in the political blogosphere has grown exponentially in recent years, existing research is predominantly dedicated to political campaigning. In view of the “diminishing prestige of the electoral process” and the “rise of new forms of legitimacy” a broader political analysis of blogs is called for. This article investigates whether the political blogosphere is an arena for political representation by asking (1) how representatives communicate with citizens through blogging in order to aid central functions of political representation, such as accountability, connectivity, and inquiry, and (2) what strategic, technological, and normative factors explain differences in representatives’ communication with citizens. The empirical analysis, based on a survey questionnaire targeting all Swedish blogging representatives, illuminates four different approaches to blogging, with different drivers and implications for the representative democracy.
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5457.
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5458.
  • Karlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effects of Sports and Exercise on Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. - : Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0344-5925. ; 63:1, s. 9-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Osteoporosis and low bone strength in older people may be due to low bone mass accrual or elevated age-related loss of bone mass. The mechanisms underlying loss of bone mass have long been subjected to research. However, research has only started in the last decade to focus on strategies to increase bone mass:the current opinion is that childhood and adolescence are critical periods for building up bone mineral density. It is also known that life style factors, such as physical activity may influence the accrual of bone mineral density Mechanical loading has been shown to be one of the best stimuli to enhance not only bone mass but also structural skeletal adaptations. both independently contributing to bone strength. Exercise prescription also includes a window of opportunity to improve bone strength in the late pre- and early pen-pubertal period. There is some evidence supporting the notion that gains inbone mass obtained by mechanical loading during growth are maintained at older age despite reduction of physical activity in adulthood. The notion that former male athletes have a lower fracture risk compared to non-athlets of the same age suggests that physical activity during growth and adolescence should be recommended as a feasible strategy to reduce the future incidence of fragility fractures.
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5459.
  • Karlsson, Michael (författare)
  • Threat Politics and Baltic Sea Business
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Threat Politics. - Aldershot : Ashgate. - 075461834X ; , s. 100-119
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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5460.
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