| 30631. |
- De Sarlo, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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From superradiant Rayleigh scattering to Bragg scattering
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal D. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 32:2, s. 167-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with far off resonant laser light. Due to superradiant Rayleigh scattering a coherent superposition of two atomic wavepackets with different momenta forms in the presence of a single laser beam. Varying the intensity of a weak counterpropagating laser beam we observe the transition from the pure superradiant regime to the Bragg scattering regime, where Rabi oscillations in a two-level system are observed. The process is limited by the decoherence between the two atomic wavepackets.
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| 30632. |
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| 30633. |
- de Savigny, Don, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating community-based verbal autopsy into civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) : system-level considerations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reliable and representative cause of death (COD) statistics are essential to inform public health policy, respond to emerging health needs, and document progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. However, less than one-third of deaths worldwide are assigned a cause. Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems in low-and lowermiddle-income countries are failing to provide timely, complete and accurate vital statistics, and it will still be some time before they can provide physician-certified COD for every death.Proposals: Verbal autopsy (VA) is a method to ascertain the probable COD and, although imperfect, it is the best alternative in the absence of medical certification. There is extensive experience with VA in research settings but only a few examples of its use on a large scale. Data collection using electronic questionnaires on mobile devices and computer algorithms to analyse responses and estimate probable COD have increased the potential for VA to be routinely applied in CRVS systems. However, a number of CRVS and health system integration issues should be considered in planning, piloting and implementing a system-wide intervention such as VA. These include addressing the multiplicity of stakeholders and sub-systems involved, integration with existing CRVS work processes and information flows, linking VA results to civil registration records, information technology requirements and data quality assurance.Conclusions: Integrating VA within CRVS systems is not simply a technical undertaking. It will have profound system-wide effects that should be carefully considered when planning for an effective implementation. This paper identifies and discusses the major system-level issues and emerging practices, provides a planning checklist of system-level considerations and proposes an overview for how VA can be integrated into routine CRVS systems.
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| 30634. |
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| 30635. |
- De Soet, Johannes J., et al.
(författare)
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The Highly Leukotoxic JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Present in the Population of the West African Island, Sal in Cape Verde : A Pilot Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - Basel : MDPI. - 2076-0817. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with severe periodontitis, possibly due to its production of a potent leukotoxin. A genetic variant, the JP2 genotype, was found to produce more leukotoxin than the wild type because of a mutation in the leukotoxin gene, and this genotype is frequently found in African populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this JP2 genotype can be found in a randomly selected group of inhabitants of Sal, Cape Verde. Twenty-nine adults between 20 and 59 years of age (58.6% female) participated, and information on their oral health and living standards was collected. An oral examination was performed for each participant, including DMF-T and CPI scores. Plaque and saliva samples were collected and transported to Europe, where DNA was isolated, and the concentration of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its JP2 genotype was determined using dedicated PCR analyses. All 29 plaque and 31% of the saliva samples harboured A. actinomycetemcomitans, and two participants were positive for the JP2 genotype. The presence of this JP2 genotype was not associated with either CPI or DMF-T. This pilot study is the first to describe the presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype in a Cape Verdean population living in the Cape Verde Islands, and the findings warrant further research.
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| 30636. |
- De Sola, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Living with opioids : A qualitative study with patients with chronic low back pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health Expectations. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6513 .- 1369-7625. ; 23:5, s. 1118-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Opioids are one of the most prescribed treatments for chronic pain (CP). However, their long‐term use (>3 months) has been surrounded by controversy, due to loss of beneficial effects.Objective: To explore the experiences of people with chronic non‐malignant low back pain in Spain undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids.Design: Qualitative study.Setting and participants: We conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews at the Pain Clinic with persons taking opioid treatment.Methods: The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman, and developed categories and themes discussed in light of a biomedicalization framework.Main results: We developed one overarching theme—Living with opioids: dependence and autonomy while seeking relief —and three categories: The long pathway to opioids due to the invisibility of pain; Opioids: from blind date to a long‐term relationship ; and What opioids cannot fix .Discussion: The long and difficult road to find effective treatments was a fundamental part of coping with pain, involving long‐term relationships with the health system. This study reflects the benefits, and drawbacks of opioids, along with struggles to maintain autonomy and make decisions while undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids. The paper also highlights the consequences of pain in the economy, family and social life of patients.Conclusions: Patients' experiences should be considered to a greater extent by health‐care professionals when giving information about opioids and setting treatment goals. Greater consideration of the social determinants of health that affect CP experiences might lead to more effective solutions to CP.
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| 30637. |
- de Souto Barreto, Philipe, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Effects on Falls, Fractures, Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Older Adults With Dementia : An Individual-Level Patient Data Meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 76:9, s. e203-e212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To study the effects of exercise on falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and death in people with dementia.METHOD: We conducted an individual-level patient data meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We looked for studies from the reference list of previous systematic reviews and undertook an electronic search for articles published between 2013 and 2019 in Ageline, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SportsDiscus. Main (binary) outcome measures were the risk of mortality, hospitalization, faller, multiple faller, injurious faller, and fractures. Secondary (count) outcomes were the incident rates of hospitalizations, falls, and injurious falls.RESULTS: From the 1314 participants, 771 were allocated to the exercise group and 543 to the control group. The number of cases regarding the main outcome measures in exercisers and controls were, respectively: 45 (5.8%) and 31 (5.7%) deaths; 102 (14.4%) and 65 (13.4%) participants hospitalized; 221 (34.4%) and 175 (41.3%) had at least 1 fall; 128 (20.2%) and 92 (21.7%) had multiple falls; 78 (24.8%) and 92 (29.3%) had injurious falls; and 19 (2.9%) and 15 (3.5%) had suffered a fracture. Two-step meta-analysis found no effects of exercise on any outcome. One-step meta-analysis found exercise reduced the risk of falls (odds ratio 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57-0.99). Exploratory analysis showed exercise decreased the rate of incident falls in participants with the lowest functional ability (incident rate ratio 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30-0.79).CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2-step meta-analysis suggests exercise does not have an effect on the outcomes, 1-step meta-analysis suggested that exercise may reduce fall risk. Data from further high-quality RCTs are still needed.
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| 30638. |
- De Souza, Madyana Torres, et al.
(författare)
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Convergent location-based messaging : Design for the future email ecosystem
- 2013
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Ingår i: OzCHI '13. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450325257 ; , s. 423-424
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a future of ubiquitous interconnected and web-based artifacts, we envision email technology, which currently overloads users, to evolve into a system of single user identity protocol that offers convergent, multi-sensory and location-based messaging.
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| 30639. |
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| 30640. |
- De Spiegeleer, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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In Which Magnetotail Hemisphere is a Satellite? Problems Using in Situ Magnetic Field Data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 126:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Earth's magnetotail plasma sheet, the sunward-tailward Bx component of the magnetic field is often used to separate the region above and below the cross-tail current sheet. Using a three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulation, we show that high-speed flows do not only affect the north-south magnetic field component (causing dipolarization fronts), but also the sunward-tailward component via the formation of a magnetic dent. This dent is such that, in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic field is tailward while in the Southern Hemisphere, it is earthward. This is opposite to the expected signatures where Bx > 0 (Bx < 0) above (below) the neutral sheet. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic field cannot always be used to identify in which hemisphere an in situ spacecraft is located. In addition, the cross-tail currents associated with the dent is different from the currents in a tail without a dent. From the simulation, we suggest that the observation of a dawnward current and a tailward magnetic tension force, possibly together with an increase in the plasma beta, may indicate the presence of a magnetic dent. To exemplify, we also present data of a high-speed flow observed by the Cluster mission, and we show that the changing sign of Bx is likely due to such a dent, and not to the spacecraft moving across the neutral sheet.
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