| 32351. |
- Ringsmuth, Andrew K., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-scale cooperation enables sustainable use of a common-pool resource
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 286:1913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In social-ecological systems (SESs), social and biophysical dynamics interact within and between the levels of organization at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Cross-scale interactions (CSIs) are interdependences between processes at different scales, generating behaviour unpredictable at single scales. Understanding CSIs is important for improving SES governance, but they remain understudied. Theoretical models are needed that capture essential features while being simple enough to yield insights into mechanisms. In a stylized model, we study CSIs in a two-level system of weakly interacting communities harvesting a common-pool resource. Community members adaptively conform to, or defect from, a norm of socially optimal harvesting, enforced through social sanctioning both within and between communities. We find that each subsystem's dynamics depend sensitively on the other despite interactions being much weaker between subsystems than within them. When interaction is purely biophysical, stably high cooperation in one community can cause cooperation in the other to collapse. However, even weak social interaction can prevent the collapse of cooperation and instead cause collapse of defection. We identify conditions under which subsystem-level cooperation produces desirable system-level outcomes. Our findings expand evidence that collaboration is important for sustainably managing shared resources, showing its importance even when resource sharing and social relationships are weak.
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| 32352. |
- Ringsmuth, Andrew K., et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from COVID-19 for managing transboundary climate risks and building resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0963. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 has revealed how challenging it is to manage global, systemic and compounding crises. Like COVID-19, climate change impacts, and maladaptive responses to them, have potential to disrupt societies at multiple scales via networks of trade, finance, mobility and communication, and to impact hardest on the most vulnerable. However, these complex systems can also facilitate resilience if managed effectively. This review aims to distil lessons related to the transboundary management of systemic risks from the COVID-19 experience, to inform climate change policy and resilience building. Evidence from diverse fields is synthesised to illustrate the nature of systemic risks and our evolving understanding of resilience. We describe research methods that aim to capture systemic complexity to inform better management practices and increase resil-ience to crises. Finally, we recommend specific, practical actions for improving transboundary climate risk management and resilience building. These include mapping the direct, cross-border and cross-sectoral impacts of potential climate extremes, adopting adaptive risk management strategies that embrace heterogenous decision-making and uncertainty, and taking a broader approach to resilience which elevates human wellbeing, including societal and ecological resilience.
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| 32353. |
- Rini, Listia, et al.
(författare)
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The role of social media in driving beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of meat reduction towards plant-based meat behavioral intentions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental challenges associated with meat production and consumption have driven the rise of new plant-based (PB) meats. However, PB meat consumption among Europeans remains low. One of the main barriers to the consumption of PB foods is the consumers' need for information. Social media (SM) can help rapidly disseminate a wide range of information. Yet, misinformation in these channels raises concerns about consumers’ trust. Therefore, this study examined whether involvement in SM mediates the relationship between beliefs, attitudes and intentions towards reducing meat consumption and PB meat behavioral intentions, particularly for omnivores and flexitarians. Data were collected from 10 European countries (n = 6869). Two SM-related factors, namely the likelihood of using SM to find information about PB foods and trust in information about PB foods from SM were designated as mediators. At least 30 % of the respondents were more likely to use and trust information on PB food from SM. The mediation analyses revealed significant partial mediation (p < 0.001) with respect to the direct effect between beliefs, attitudes and intentions towards meat reduction and the indirect effects of the mediators on PB meat behavioral intentions. This study builds upon how SM shape the behavioral intentions towards PB meat consumption and the meat reducing attitudes of Europeans. The results also provide evidence on how SM can promote European consumers' behavioral intentions for PB meat.
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| 32354. |
- Rinnemaa, Pantea, 1975
(författare)
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Linguistically diverse students’ perceptions of difficulties with reading and understanding texts in civics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Educational Role of Language Journal. - : International Association for the Educational Role of Language. - 2657-9774. ; 2:8, s. 116-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores various difficulties reported by Swedish as a second language students in grade nine, when they read textbook texts in civics. Accordingly, this study provides examples of difficulties with texts in civics, viewed from the students’ perspective. The method used is a combination of think-alouds and interviews. A four-field model is constructed and presented as the conceptual framework and analytical tool. This model has been a way of visualizing the complexity of difficulties with texts in civics. Findings show that all four components, a) literacy abilities, b) disciplinary literacy abilities, c) prior knowledge, and d) content area knowledge, illustrated in the four-field model, can be identified when students explain their difficulties with reading comprehension of texts in civics. Findings also indicate that the students’ different types of difficulties with texts in civics could be explained by an interplay between the four components.
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| 32355. |
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| 32356. |
- Risenfors, Signild, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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"Det är något jag känner att jag är menad för". : En diskursanalytisk studie av nyblivna studenters val att läsa en lärarutbildning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 2000-7558. ; 19:2, s. 48-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I följande artikel undersöks vilka diskurser och positioneringar som framträder hos studenter angående deras val att läsa en lärarutbildning. Positioneringar handlar i denna studie om grad av säkerhet, generalisering och attityd, som här har att göra med känslor och värderingar. Att få syn på diskurserna och positioneringarna är relevant för lärarutbildare för att kunna utveckla adekvata strategier för undervisning inom lärarutbildningen. Emedan tidigare forskning genomlyst motiven med en innehållslig synvinkel presenteras i den här artikeln en motsvarande genomlysning av hur innehållet, det vill säga motiven, faktiskt formuleras. Vi menar att i sättet att formulera motiven finns en problematisk aspekt som lärarutbildare bör bemöta för att undervisningen ska leda till att lärarstudenten får en utbildning som är hållbar över tid i ett samhälle i ständig förändring. Resultatet av den studie vi presenterar visar att studenterna främst uttrycker en social diskurs och positioneringar som förmedlar en syn på lärar- och elevidentiteter som förhållandevis ensidiga. I mötet med ett akademiskt förhållningssätt där perspektivtagande och utveckling står i fokus kan en dylik hållning behöva luckras upp för att ge utrymme för förståelse av kunskapande och undervisningskontexter.
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| 32357. |
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Risker i det moderna samhället : Samhällsvetenskapliga perspektiv
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi blir alltmer medvetna om de risker som omger oss i dagens samhälle. På en global nivå handlar det om klimatförändringar, terrorism, svält och översvämningar, medan det som berör flest människor i Sverige fortfarande är faror i vardagen som rökning, trafik och sjukdomar. Kunskap om hur risker uppfattas, kommuniceras och hanteras av individer och i samhället är viktig för att både offentliga och privata verksamheter ska fungera väl. "Risker i det moderna samhället. Samhälls-vetenskapliga perspektiv" ger en introduktion till samhällsvetenskaplig riskforskning och presenterar aktuell svensk forskning. Boken behandlar riskbegreppet utifrån förutsättningen att vi lever i ett heterogent samhälle. Den visar att denna heterogenitet är viktig både för att förstå individens riskuppfattning och behov av kommunikation, och för att få ett begrepp om olika organisationers hantering av risker och kriser.Boken vänder sig till studerande inom sociologi, socialpsykologi, psykologi och riskhantering på universitet och högskola samt yrkesverksamma inom krisberedskap och riskhantering.
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| 32358. |
- Rist, Lucy, et al.
(författare)
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Avoiding the pitfalls of adaptive management implementation in Swedish silviculture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 140-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing demand for alternatives to Sweden’s current dominant silvicultural system, driven by a desire to raise biomass production, meet environmental goals and mitigate climate change. However, moving towards diversified forest management that deviates from well established silvicultural practices carries many uncertainties and risks. Adaptive management is often suggested as an effective means of managing in the context of such complexities. Yet there has been scepticism over its appropriateness in cases characterised by large spatial extents, extended temporal scales and complex land ownership—characteristics typical of Swedish forestry. Drawing on published research, including a new paradigm for adaptive management, we indicate how common pitfalls can be avoided during implementation. We indicate the investment, infrastructure, and considerations necessary to benefit from adaptive management. In doing so, we show how this approach could offer a pragmatic operational model for managing the uncertainties, risks and obstacles associated with new silvicultural systems and the challenges facing Swedish forestry.
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| 32359. |
- Ritchie, Brent W., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of climate change policies on aviation carbon offsetting : a three-year panel study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 28:2, s. 337-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air travel is predicted to grow over the coming decades contributing to carbon emissions. Airlines have offered voluntary carbon offsetting for over a decade, yet less than 10% of air travellers purchase them. Previous studies ignore the broader policy or social context of sustainable transport and aviation offsetting. In a natural experiment, a panel of the same Australian residents was tracked over a three-year period before and after the historic COP21. A novel hierarchical model was also tested using Partial Least Squares SEM. Although behaviour specific attitudes and social norms were more influential at encouraging aviation carbon offsetting, global policy knowledge and effectiveness of climate change policies play an important role. Although no changes in ratings were detected over a three-year period, the effect of social norms on encouraging aviation offsetting became stronger in later years. Implications and future research directions to better understand the political and social context of carbon offsetting and sustainable transport are provided.
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| 32360. |
- Ritts, Max
(författare)
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New forms: Anthropocene Festivals and experimental environmental governance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and planning E: nature and space. - : SAGE Publications. - 2514-8486 .- 2514-8494. ; 5, s. 125-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is about the "Anthropocene Festival," a concept we develop to explore proliferating and multi-faceted arts-based events, happenings, unconferences, and workshops which collectively model novel forms of environmental governance. The Anthropocene Festival mobilizes disruptive and creative possibilities at the juncture of digital and ecological life, while simultaneously embodying developments in the institutional form of green capitalism. To argue these points, we locate the Anthropocene Festival within a proliferation of new institutional environmentalisms, including biennales, hackathons, and initiatives in the neoliberal university. Next, we provide a survey of recent examples, observing across them an increasingly hegemonic template of environmental sociality-or model of collective interaction-rooted in digital technologies. Next, we discuss two examples of environmental governance propositions expressive of the Anthropocene Festival ethos: (1) Climate Symphony, a project that uses sonification techniques to facilitate new understandings of climate change, (2) Terra0, an art project which reconceptualizes forest ecology and non-human agency using blockchain technology. We conclude by arguing that the ontological generativity of the Anthropocene Festival arises from the dissenting approaches to conventional models of environmental governance it cultivates, but that the Anthropocene Festival does not necessarily carry a radical political valence because of this.
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