| 2461. |
- Håkansson, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational imbalance and the role of perceived stress in predicting stress-related disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 25:4, s. 278-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress-related disorders are the main reason for sick leave in many European countries. The aim of the present study was to explore whether perceived occupational imbalance predicts stress-related disorders, potential gender differences, and to explore the mediating role of perceived stress.Method: Longitudinal data on 2223 employees in a public organization in Sweden were collected by surveys, and analyzed by logistic regression.Results: Occupational imbalance predicted stress-related disorders among both women and men. However, what aspects of occupational imbalance which predicted stress-related disorders differ by gender. Perceived stress was not a mediator in these associations.Conclusion and significance: How women and men perceived their occupational balance affected the risk of stress-related disorders. The results may be used to develop effective strategies to decrease stress-related disorders.
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| 2462. |
- Håkansson, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Occupations, perceived stress, and stress-related disorders among women and men in the public sector in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 24:1, s. 10-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress-related disorders are a public health problem and represent a significant burden to individuals and society. It is, therefore, of importance to regard stress in a wider context and identify risk factors not only at work but in all occupations in everyday life, to prevent ill health. Aim/objective: The aim of this study was to examine potential associations between everyday occupations, perceived stress, and stress-related disorders as well as potential gender differences. Material and methods: A survey was mailed to a random selection of 3481 employees in the public sector in Western Sweden. Cox regressions with constant time at risk were used, in order to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The results showed a clear association between reporting imbalance between different everyday occupations and both perceived stress and stress-related disorders among men and women. Conclusion: Imbalance between different everyday occupations seems to be an important risk factor for perceived stress and stress-related disorder among both women and men. Significance: To enable people to achieve balance between different everyday occupations may be a useful way to prevent stress, stress-related disorders, and sick leave, and to promote better health and well-being.
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| 2463. |
- Håkansson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Reporting frequency of radiology findings increases after introducing visual rating scales in the primary care diagnostic work up of subjective and mild cognitive impairment
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 31:2, s. 666-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Study the effect of introducing a template for radiological reporting of non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) in the primary care diagnostic work up of cognitive impairment using visual rating scales (VRS). Methods Radiology reports were assessed regarding compliance with a contextual report template and the reporting of the parameters medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), white matter changes (WMC), global cortical atrophy (GCA), and width of lateral ventricles (WLV) using established VRS in two age-matched groups examined with NECT before (n= 111) and after (n= 125) the introduction of contextual reporting at our department. True positive rate (TPR) and true negative rate (TNR) before and after were compared. Results We observed a significant increase in the percentage of radiology reports with mentioning of MTA from 29 to 76% (p< 0.001), WMC from 69 to 86% (p< 0.01), and GCA from 54 to 82% (p< 0.001). We observed a significant increase in the percentages of reports where all of the parameters were mentioned, from 6 to 29% (p< 0.001). There was a significant increase in TPR from 10 to 55% for MTA. Conclusion This study suggests that contextual radiological assessment using VRS could increase the reporting frequency of radiology findings in the diagnostic work up of cognitive impairment but compliance with templates may be difficult to endorse.
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| 2464. |
- Håkansson, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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N-CAM exhibits a regulatory function in pathological angiogenesis in oxygen induced retinopathy.
- 2011
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity are diseases caused by pathological angiogenesis in the retina as a consequence of local hypoxia. The underlying mechanism for epiretinal neovascularization (tuft formation), which contributes to blindness, has yet to be identified. Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is expressed by Müller cells and astrocytes, which are in close contact with the retinal vasculature, during normal developmental angiogenesis.
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| 2465. |
- Håkansson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: summary of the RADIUS chest trial.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 114-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the Europe-wide research project 'Unification of physical and clinical requirements for medical X-ray imaging'-governed by the Radiological Imaging Unification Strategies (RADIUS) Group-a major image quality trial was conducted by members of the group. The RADIUS chest trial aimed at thoroughly examining various aspects of nodule detection in digital chest radiography, such as the effects of nodule location, system noise, anatomical noise, and anatomical background. The main findings of the RADIUS chest trial concerning the detection of a lung nodule with a size in the order of 10 mm can be summarised as: (1) the detectability of the nodule is largely dependent on its location in the chest, (2) the system noise has a minor impact on the detectability at the dose levels used today, (3) the disturbance of the anatomical noise is larger than that of the system noise but smaller than that of the anatomical background and (4) the anatomical background acts as noise to a large extent and is the major image component affecting the detectability of the nodule.
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| 2466. |
- Hård, Anna Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 998-1007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This nonsystematic review examined differences in the composition of raw maternal breastmilk and pasteurised donor milk and possible health effects on preterm infants. Methods: We searched PubMed up to July 2018 for studies published in English that focused on four comparisons as follows: raw maternal milk versus donor milk, human milk before and after Holder pasteurisation, milk from mothers who delivered preterm and at term and milk collected during early and late lactation. We also searched for possible effects of the milk components, as well as the effects of maternal and donor milk on preterm infants’ health. Results: Raw maternal milk contained factors involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence, gut microbiome establishment and the maturation of immune defences, food tolerability and metabolism. Many of these factors were reduced or abolished in processed donor milk. Both maternal milk and donor milk have been associated with a reduced incidence of necrotising enterocolitis. High-dose feeding with maternal milk during the neonatal period reportedly reduced the risk of other morbidities and promoted growth and neurodevelopment. Conclusion: Many of the components in raw maternal breastmilk were lacking in pasteurised donor milk, which was inferior in promoting the growth and development of very preterm infants.
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| 2467. |
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| 2468. |
- Hägerbrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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MyD88 Signaling Regulates Steady-State Migration of Intestinal CD103(+) Dendritic Cells Independently of TNF-alpha and the Gut Microbiota
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 195:6, s. 2888-2899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal homeostasis and induction of systemic tolerance to fed Ags (i.e., oral tolerance) rely on the steady-state migration of small intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells (DCs) into draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). The majority of these migratory DCs express the a integrin chain CD103, and in this study we demonstrate that the steady-state mobilization of CD103(+) DCs into the MLN is in part governed by the IL-1R family/TLR signaling adaptor molecule MyD88. Similar to mice with complete MyD88 deficiency, specific deletion of MyD88 in DCs resulted in a 50-60% reduction in short-term accumulation of both CD103(+)CD11b(+) and CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs in the MLN. DC migration was independent of caspase-1, which is responsible for the inflammasome-dependent proteolytic activation of IL-1 cytokine family members, and was not affected by treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Consistent with the latter finding, the proportion and phenotypic composition of DCs were similar in mesenteric lymph from germ-free and conventionally housed mice. Although TNF-alpha was required for CD103(+) DC migration to the MLN after oral administration of the TLR7 agonist R848, it was not required for the steady-state migration of these cells. Similarly, TLR signaling through the adaptor molecule Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta and downstream production of type I IFN were not required for steady-state CD103(+) DC migration. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MyD88 signaling in DCs, independently of the microbiota and TNF-alpha, is required for optimal steady-state migration of small intestinal lamina propria CD103(+) DCs into the MLN.
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| 2469. |
- Hägerström, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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A new automated method for analysis of rCBF-SPECT images based on the active-shape algorithm: Normal values
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 32, s. 114-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most nuclear medicine clinicians use only visual assessment when interpreting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) from single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to develop a new, easy to use, automated method for quantification of rCBF-SPECT and to create normal values by using the method on a normal population. We developed a 3-dimensional method based on a brain-shaped model and the active-shape algorithm. The method defines the surface shape of the brain and then projects the maximum counts 0-1·5cm deep for designated surface points. These surface projection values are divided into cortical regions representing the different lobes and presented relative to the whole cortex, cerebellum or cerebellar maximum.99mTc-hexa methyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT was performed on 30 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 74years (range 64-98). The ability of the active-shape algorithm to define the shape of the brain was satisfactory when visually scrutinized. The results of the quantification show rCBF values in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of 87-88% using cerebellum as the reference. There were no significant differences in normal rCBF values between male and female subjects and only a weak relation between rCBF and age. In conclusion, our new automated method was able to quantify rCBF-SPECT images and create normal values in ranges as expected. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical value of this method and the normal values. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging © 2011 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine.
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| 2470. |
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