| 1. |
- Bellander, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Oral assessment and preventive actions within the swedish quality register senior alert: Impact on frail older adults’ oral health in a longitudinal perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor oral health is common among older people in nursing homes. To identify and prevent oral health problems among the residents, ROAG-J (Revised Oral Assessment Guide–Jönköping), a risk-assessment instrument, is used by nursing staff routinely, and the outcome is registered in the web-based Swedish quality register Senior Alert. This study aims to investigate the preventive actions registered when oral health problems are identified and the effect of these actions longitudinally. ROAG-J data registered at nursing homes in Sweden during 2011–2016 were obtained from the Senior Alert database. Out of 52,740 residents (≥65 years), 41% had oral health problems, of whom 62% had preventive actions registered. The most common action was “Assistance with cleaning teeth”. Longitudinally, during the five-year observation period, a slight increase in oral health problems assessed with ROAG-J was found. Registered preventive actions, however, led to significant improvement in the subsequent assessment for the ROAG items lips, tongue, and dentures. Standardised risk assessments like ROAG-J provide an opportunity to detect problems early and establish preventive actions. The study, however, indicates a further need for structured education and a continuous follow-up in ROAG-J. Moreover, increased collaboration between nursing and dental care to improve oral health for older residents at nursing homes is needed.
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| 2. |
- Burzio, Cecilia, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3336 .- 0304-3894. ; 438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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| 3. |
- Burzio, Cecilia, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of pharmaceuticals to foam and aerobic granular sludge with different morphologies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resources, Environment and Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-9161. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In biological wastewater treatment, the sorption process is an important removal pathway of organic micropollutants from the aqueous phase. Beyond the conventional sorption to biomass and particulate matter, organic molecules can also partition to gas bubbles commonly present in aerated biological processes. This study investigated the partitioning behavior of 21 selected pharmaceuticals to two types of aerobic granular sludge, and the foam generated by aeration. Batch sorption experiments were performed with biologically inactive granules of controlled diameters (0.5–1, 1–2, and >2 mm). Removal during sorption tests was observed for four positively charged micropollutants (sertraline, citalopram, clarithromycin, and erythromycin), four neutral compounds (levonorgestrel, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, and ketoconazole), and one negatively charged pharmaceutical (losartan). This highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions and lipophilic affinity with the solids. For some compounds, the removal increased with time, suggesting that sorption in thick biofilm is limited by molecular diffusion into the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, partitioning of pharmaceuticals to aeration-induced foam was confirmed in separate batch tests. Clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, losartan, levonorgestrel, and ethinylestradiol exhibited concentrations in the foam 1.0–5.3 times higher than the initial test values, indicating potential adsorption at the liquid/gas interface for these compounds.
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| 4. |
- Calvén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating and whole grains from a gender and health interest perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67:8988, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A healthy diet is important not only for the growth and development of the human body but also for the prevention of chronic diseases. However, most Swedish adolescents do not follow dietary recommendations, especially the intake of whole grain is very low. To create targeted conditions for healthy food choices amongst adolescents, comprehensive knowledge of factors related to adolescents' unhealthy and healthy eating is needed. Objective: To investigate adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating, with a specific focus on whole grains and to evaluate differences between genders and between adolescents with higher versus lower health interest. Design: A total of 1,178 Swedish adolescents responded to a questionnaire about their attitudes, preferences and perceived behabviours towards healthy eating and whole grains, and their general interest in nutrition and health.Results of girls and boys were compared, as well as adolescents with a higher versus lower health interest. Results: Displays information about healthy eating among adolescents and a comprehensive set of factors that may affect their ability to eat healthier. Overall, adolescents had a positive attitude towards food and health, but less than half felt that they managed to eat healthy. The consumption of different whole grain products was low, although the willingness to eat healthier and more whole grain was high. The most reported barrier to healthy eating, as well as increasing whole grain intake, was the unavailability of tasty healthy products, taste being even more important for adolescents with a low health interest than those with a high interest. Whole grain consumption and factors increasing the willingness of whole grain consumption were most prominent not only in adolescents with high health interest but also in girls compared with boys. Conclusion: The results show good potential to improve dietary habits amongst adolescents. Taste and availability of healthy products were rated the most important, whilst knowledge about the products' healthiness was rated the least important, especially amongst those with low health interest. By focusing on the attitudes and preferences of adolescents, the effectiveness may increase of initiatives to improve their dietary habits.
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| 5. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated climate change causes immune suppression and protein damage in the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fish & Shellfish Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 33:5, s. 1095-1101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is causing global warming, which affects oceans by elevating water temperature and reducing pH. Crustaceans have been considered tolerant to ocean acidification because of their retained capacity to calcify during subnormal pH. However, we report here that significant immune suppression of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, occurs after a 4-month exposure to ocean acidification (OA) at a level predicted for the year 2100 (hypercapnic seawater with a pH lowered by 0.4 units). Experiments carried out at different temperatures (5, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 °C) demonstrated that the temperature within this range alone did not affect lobster immune responses. In the OA-treatment, hemocyte numbers were reduced by almost 50% and the phagocytic capacity of the remaining hemocytes was inhibited by 60%. The reduction in hemocyte numbers was not due to increased apoptosis in hematopoetic tissue. Cellular responses to stress were investigated through evaluating advanced glycation end products (AGE) and lipid oxidation in lobster hepatopancreata, and OA-treatment was shown to significantly increase AGEs', indicating stress-induced protein alterations. Furthermore, the extracellular pH of lobster hemolymph was reduced by approximately 0.2 units in the OA-treatment group, indicating either limited pH compensation or buffering capacity. The negative effects of OA-treatment on the nephropidae immune response and tissue homeostasis were more pronounced at higher temperatures (12–18 °C versus 5 °C), which may potentially affect disease severity and spread. Our results signify that ocean acidification may have adverse effects on the physiology of lobsters, which previously had been overlooked in studies of basic parameters such as lobster growth or calcification.
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| 6. |
- Håkansson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigations of turbulent fragmenting stresses in a rotor stator mixer. Part 1. Estimation of turbulent stresses and comparison to breakup visualizations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2509. ; 171, s. 625-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite large industrial relevance, the relation between rotor-stator geometry, hydrodynamics and drop breakup is poorly understood, partly since no methods for measuring the fragmenting stresses acting on drops have been established. This study attempts to bridge this gap by developing, applying and evaluating two approaches for estimating local turbulent stresses based on particle image velocimetry data: namely one traditional but indirect approach based on the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, and another more direct approach based on the spatial turbulent spectrum that has proven useful in other high-intensity emulsification processing. The approaches are evaluated in terms of validity of underlying assumptions, how they compare to breakup visualizations in the same geometry and with regard to the reliability of primary measurables. Results show three consistent regions of high stress in the rotor-stator region: in a plume extending into the stator-hole from the trailing edge, in the shear layers of the jet exiting the hole and in the macroscopic flow structure formed after the rotor blocks a stator hole. Following, a drop travelling along an average velocity flow field, the measurement predict disrupting stresses exceeding the stabilizing stress at the stator hole exit, at approximately the same position where drop breakup is observed in breakup visualizations. Both methods are therefore able to predict the most likely breakup positions. It is also concluded that both methods have limitations, and that average stress alone cannot describe all aspects of the fragmentation process in rotor-stator mixers.
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| 7. |
- Håkansson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigations of turbulent fragmenting stresses in a rotor-stator mixer. Part 2. Probability distributions of instantaneous stresses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2509. ; 171, s. 638-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drop fragmentation in high intensity turbulent emulsification processing equipment-such as rotor-stator mixers (RSMs)-has traditionally been described in terms of a stress balance; between the stabilizing stress of the drop and the time-averaged turbulent stress at the most intense position of the flow. As shown in part 1 of this series, this approach is often a fruitful first approximation. However, the instantaneous local stress experienced by drops differs from the time-averaged local stress due to hydrodynamics in general and the stochastic nature of a turbulent flow in particular.This study estimates the probability distribution of instantaneous turbulent stresses in an RSM from velocity fields obtained using particle image velocimetry. Results show that regions with low average stress still have a substantial probability of having instantaneously high stresses. This explains why low probability breakup is observed at these positions in visualization experiments.Results also show that the probability distribution of instantaneous stresses is approximately lognormal. The results are compared to two commonly used models for how to take the stochastic variations into account: the exponential decay model, and the multifractal emulsification model. It is concluded that both models predict reasonable distributions shapes but underestimate the width of the stress distribution.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Tala läsa skriva
- 2013
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Ingår i: Johansson, V., Carling, G., & Holmer A. (red.) Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1-2.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 53-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Norbergh, Karl-Gustaf, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Omvårdnad på avancerad nivå : kärnkompetenser inom sjuksköterskans specialistområden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Omvårdnad på avancerad nivå. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144071459 ; , s. webb artiklar-
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok och webb är den efterfrågade och fristående fortsättningen på Omvårdnadens grunder. Redan före sin publicering har Omvårdnad på avancerad nivå varit känd för många under det lekfulla arbetsnamnet Omvårdnadens höjder. Innehållet är två sammanflätade delar: en tryckt bokdel och en digital webbdel. Den senare är helt unik i sitt slag. Ett åttiotal forskande och/eller kliniskt verksamma sjuksköterskor har skapat en digital artikelsamling som beskriver tillämpningen av avancerad omvårdnad inom respektive specialistområde. Webbmaterialet innehåller även sammanfattande ljudklipp, frågor samt den tryckta boken i sin helhet så att den kan läsas på exempelvis iPad. Detta är det första bokverket i Sverige som beskriver huvudområdet omvårdnad på avancerad nivå. Utgångspunkten är de sex kärnkompetenser som är gemensamma för alla professioner inom hälso- och sjukvården och som Svensk sjuksköterskeförening rekommenderar bör utgöra en röd tråd med progression genom utbildningarnas nivåer: Personcentrerad vård Samverkan i team Evidensbaserad vård Förbättringskunskap för kvalitetsutveckling Säker vård Informations- och kommunikationsteknologi Tillsammans bildar bok och webb ett gemensamt och mångfaldigt innehåll för specialistsjuksköterskeutbildningarna. Avsikten är att skapa en grund för dessa utbildningar och deras motsvarigheter där omvårdnad på avancerad nivå kan beskrivas och problematiseras. Instruktioner för hur du kommer åt det digitala materialet finns på omslagets insida.
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| 10. |
- Pajalic, Oleg, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation by elderly people living at home of the prepared meals distributed by their municipality - a study with focus on the Swedish context.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global journal of health science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9744 .- 1916-9736. ; 7:3, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prepared meals distributed by municipalities is a service to elderly people, or persons with health related impairments, who live in their own home, have difficulties preparing their own food and cannot meet their food requirements in any other way. This study aimed to provide a brief picture of how elderly people living at home perceive the food they receive through their municipal food service and what is important to them. The data was collected using questionnaires. 274 out of 276 participants answered the questionnaire (n=173 women 62% and n=101 man 37%). The data was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the elderly persons receiving meals through the service were often satisfied, especially with the size of the portions and the delivery time. Those who had been using the food delivery service for a longer time were not satisfied with the alternative dishes they were been offered. There was no significant difference between the views of either gender. Further, those who were receiving special food were, in general, unsatisfied with the meals delivered. Development of the food distribution service by systematic quality insurance and interactive knowledge exchange between the producers and consumers seems to be a way to promote a more holistic and individual adjusted service. Evaluation of the municipal FD service is a powerful tool that can contribute to the development of this service. The food service can be improved and consequently even the quality of life and health of its receivers. The present survey should be revisited and developed in order to detect differences between genders.
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