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Sökning: swepub > Umeå universitet > Hernell Olle > Engelska > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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  • West, Christina E, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of feeding probiotics during weaning on infections and antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and Hib vaccines.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 19:1, s. 53-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microbial exposure is necessary for the development of normal immune function, which has driven the idea of using probiotics for treatment and prevention of immune-mediated diseases in infancy and childhood. Mounting evidence indicates that probiotics have immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Specific antibody response is a valuable proxy for immune system maturation status in infancy. We aimed at determining the impact of Lactobacillus F19 (LF19) during weaning on infections and IgG antibody responses to routine vaccines. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized intervention trial, infants were fed cereals with (n = 89) or without LF19 (n = 90) from 4 to 13 months of age. Infants were immunized with DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis), polio and Hib-conjugate vaccines at (3), 5(1/2) and 12 months of age. We assessed the number of days with infections, antibiotic prescriptions and antibody concentrations to Hib capsular polysaccharide (HibPS), diphtheria toxin (D) and tetanus toxoid (T) before and after the second and third doses. Days with infectious symptoms did not differ between the groups. Days with antibiotic prescriptions were fewer in the LF19 group (p = 0.044). LF19 enhanced anti-D concentrations when adjusting for breastfeeding duration and colonization with LF19 (p = 0.024). There was an interaction of the intervention and colonization with LF19 on anti-T concentrations during the course of vaccination (p = 0.035). The anti-HibPS concentrations were higher after the first and second dose of Hib vaccine in infants breastfed <6 months compared with those breastfed > or =6 months (p < 0.05), with no effect by LF19. In conclusion, feeding LF19 did not prevent infections, but increased the capacity to raise immune responses to protein antigens, with more pronounced effects in infants breastfed <6 months.
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  • Ivarsson, Anneli, et al. (författare)
  • Is prevention of coeliac disease possible?
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 89:6, s. 749-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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4.
  • Rioux, France M, et al. (författare)
  • Does inadequate maternal iron or DHA status have a negative impact on an infant's functional outcomes?
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - 0803-5253. ; 95:2, s. 137-44
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Marginal intake of iron and omega-3 long-chain fatty acids (DHA) is prevalent among pregnant women. It is not clear to what extent poor iron or DHA status during pregnancy impacts on an infant's functional outcomes. A few studies suggest that inadequate maternal iron or DHA status may be associated with suboptimal functional outcomes in infants. In addition, there is a lack of prospective studies using randomized, double-blind design or experimental studies with appropriate animal models. Although both nutrients are involved in early brain development and their metabolism is interrelated, no study has examined the interaction between iron and omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Long-term studies on large cohorts of pregnant women and their infants are needed to determine whether inadequate iron or DHA status during pregnancy is detrimental to infant neurodevelopment.
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5.
  • Berglund, Staffan, 1975- (författare)
  • Effects of iron supplementation on iron status, health and neurological development in marginally low birth weight infants.
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background Due to small iron stores and rapid growth during the first months of life, infants with low birth weight (LBW) are at risk of iron deficiency (ID). ID in infancy is associated with irreversible impaired neurodevelopment. Preventive iron supplementation may reduce the risk of ID and benefit neurodevelopment, but there is also a possible risk of adverse effects. More than 50% of all LBW infants are born with marginally LBW (MLBW, 2000-2500g), and it is not known if they benefit from iron supplementation. Methods We randomized 285 healthy, Swedish, MLBW infants to receive 3 different doses of oral iron supplements; 0 (Placebo), 1, and 2 mg/kg/day from six weeks to six months of age. Iron status, during and after the intervention was assessed and so was the prevalence of ID and ID anemia (IDA), growth, morbidity and the interplay with iron and the erythropoetic hormones hepcidin and erythropoietin (EPO). As a proxy for conduction speed in the developing brain, auditory brainstem response (ABR) was analyzed at six months. In a follow up at 3.5 years of age, the children were assessed with a cognitive test (WPPSI-III) and a validated parental checklist of behavioral problems (CBCL), and compared to a matched reference group of 95 children born with normal birth weight. Results At six months of age, the prevalence of ID and IDA was significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the iron supplemented infants. 36% had ID in the placebo group, compared to 8% and 4 % in the 1 and 2mg/kg/day-groups, respectively. The prevalence of IDA was 10%, 3% and 0%, respectively. ABR-latencies did not correlate with the iron intake and was not increased in infants with ID or IDA. ABR wave V latencies were similar in all three groups. Hepcidin correlated to ferritin and increased in supplemented infants while EPO, which was negatively correlated to iron status indicators, decreased. At follow up there were no differences in cognitive scores between the groups but the prevalence of behavioral problems was significantly higher in the placebo group compared to those supplemented and to controls. The relative risk increase of CBCL-scores above a validated cutoff was 4.5 (1.4 – 14.2) in the placebo-group compared to supplemented children. There was no detected difference in growth or morbidity at any age. Conclusion MLBW infants are at risk of ID in infancy and behavioral problems at 3 years of age. Iron supplementation at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day from six weeks to six months of age reduces the risks with no adverse effects, suggesting both short and long term benefit. MLBW infants should be included in general iron supplementation programs during their first six months of life.
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6.
  • Bergström, Erik, 1944- (författare)
  • Cardiovascular risk indicators in adolescents : the Umeå youth study
  • 1995
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease, are today major causes of death in the industrialised parts of the world. There are evidence to suggest that the atherosclerotic process starts in childhood, implying that preventive measures should be implemented already in children and adolescents.The aim of this study was to examine CVD risk indicators and their determinants in healthy Swedish adolescents. The study population comprised 14- and 17-year-old boys and girls (n=1032), in the dty and surroundings of Umeå in northern Sweden.Biochemical, anthropometric, and physiological parameters associated to CVD (s- lipoproteins and s-apolipoproteins, s-insulin, s-ferritin, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and physical fitness) were evaluated in relation to family history of CVD, weight and length at birth, infant feeding regimen, physical growth during infancy and childhood, current diet, physical activity, smoking, and educational level and occupation of the parents.The main findings of the study were that, on average, total serum cholesterol (TC) values in boys and girls were at the same level as reported from other European countries. A family history of CVD, short duration of breast feeding, low attained height during infancy and childhood, high body mass index (BMI), and low physical fitness were all associated with an unfavourable serum lipid profile. The findings also showed that features typical of the insulin resistance syndrome are present already in adolescents. In boys, iron stores, estimated by serum ferritin, were related to BMI and physical fitness, in a similar way as well established CVD risk indicators. Compared to previous dietary studies in Sweden, mean relative (energy %) fat intake had decreased substantially although the mean relative intake of saturated fat was still rather high. For both boys and girls, reported relative energy intake (energy intake/estimated energy expenditure) decreased with increasing level of BMI. Furthermore, daily smoking was more common among adolescents from families with low socio-economic status (SES) but was most strongly associated to smoking in peers. Tobacco use was considerably higher among adolescents attending vocational programs at secondary high school as compared to theoretical programs. Daily smokers had a more unfavourable serum lipid profile compared to non-smokers. Low socio-economic status of the parents was related to higher BMI and low educational level to higher dietary fat intake in both boys and girls.In conclusion, the findings of the study show that parameters linked to adult CVD when examined in adolescents, are related to family history, infant nutrition, previous physical growth, current body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, smoking, and social status and educational level of the parents.
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7.
  • Björmsjö, Maria, 1978- (författare)
  • Clinical effects of reduced iron content and fortification with bovine lactoferrin in infant formula
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Breast milk, with its complex, individual and over time adapting composition, is considered the optimal source of nutrition for infants during the first months of life. Two possible contributing factors to the benefits of breastfeeding compared to infant formula-feeding are the differences in iron and lactoferrin (Lf) concentrations between breast milk and infant formula. The overall purpose of the LIME (a Swedish acronym) study was to add knowledge on how to reduce the gap in health and development between breastfed and formula-fed infants. The aim of this double-blinded controlled trial, and doctoral thesis, was to investigate how added bovine lactoferrin and reduced iron concentration in infant formula affect health and development.Methods: Recruitment took place from June 2014 to June 2018. With equal gender distribution, healthy term Swedish formula-fed infants (n=180) were randomly assigned, from 6 weeks to 6 months of age, to receive a low iron formula (2 mg/L) with bovine Lf (1.0 g/L) (Lf+, n=72), a low iron formula without Lf (Lf-, n=72) or a control standard formula with 8 mg/L iron and no Lf (CF, n=36). Additionally, 72 breastfed infants were recruited as a reference (BF) group. Blood samples were drawn at 4, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcomes were cytokine levels and iron status. Secondary outcomes were growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, infection-related morbidity and treatments, antibody response to vaccines and cognitive development.Findings: All explored outcomes were unaffected by Lf fortification and the two low iron groups (Lf+ and Lf-) were combined and compared to the CF group. At 6 months of age the TGF-β2 levels were lower among the low iron groups and more similar to the BF infants. No other significant differences in cytokine levels were observed. There was a trend of lower geometric mean of ferritin at 4, 6, and 12 months for the combined low iron groups compared to the CF group (67.7 vs 88.7, 39.5 vs 50.9, and 20.5 vs 25.1 μg/L, respectively, p=0.054, p=0.056, and p=0.082). No similar trends or significant differences were found for any of the other iron status indicators, except for hepcidin at 12 months with lower levels in the low iron group compared to CF (37.8 vs 49.4 ng/mL, p=0.027). Overall, infants fed low iron formula had iron status indicators closer to the breastfed reference group and the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was generally low with no significant differences among the intervention groups.There were no clinically relevant effects of the interventions on growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, infection-related morbidity, vaccine antibody response or neurocognitive development.In secondary analyses, the present study confirmed previous results of higher cognitive scores among breastfed infants compared to formula-fed and observed an unexpected lower IgG response to vaccines against Hib and Diphtheria.Conclusion: Adding bovine lactoferrin did not affect any of the clinical outcomes explored. Lowering infant formula iron concentration from 8 to 2 mg/L minimally reduced iron stores to levels closer to breastfed infants but did not increase the risk of ID/IDA during the first year of life. Consequently, 2 mg/L is a sufficient level of iron fortification during the first six months of life in a population with low risk of ID. Both adjustments are considered safe with no observed adverse effects.
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