| 1. |
- Hänsel Petersson, Gunnel, et al.
(author)
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Comparing caries risk factors and risk profiles between children and elderly.
- 2004
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In: Swedish dental journal. - 0347-9994. ; 28:3, s. 119-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the caries risk profiles of children and elderly, the actual annual caries increment and the impact of some selected caries related factors.The risk profiles were created by a computerised risk assessment program, the Cariogram, which evaluates data and presents the weighted and summarized result as one figure, illustrating the 'percent chance of avoiding caries' in the future. The data used originated from two separate longitudinal studies illustrating the Cariogram's capacity to assess caries risk. One study comprised about 400 children; the other included about 150 elderly. At baseline, information on past caries experience, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride was obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The caries risk was assessed and after two and five years, respectively, caries was re-evaluated and the incidence was compared with the predictions. Fifty percent of the children, but only two percent of the elderly appeared in the lowest caries risk group. Of the elderly, 26% belonged to the highest caries risk group versus 3 % of the children.The mean DFS increment per year for the total group of children was 0.4 +/- 0.8 (SD) and 1.2 +/- 1.9 for the elderly. Individual factors contributing significantly to the higher risk profiles for the adults were higher plaque scores, higher counts of mutans streptococci and lower buffering capacity. Over all, the risk for caries, as assessed by the Cariogram, was twice as high for the elderly.
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| 2. |
- Bruno-Ambrosius, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Salivary buffer capacity in relation to menarche and progesterone levels in saliva from adolescent girls : a longitudinal study.
- 2004
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:5, s. 269-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary buffer capacity and menarche, and to explore any association with levels of the sex hormone progesterone in stimulated whole saliva in adolescent girls. The material comprised 162 girls, 12 years of age at baseline in the 6th grade, who were followed for 3 years. Every 4th month, a stimulated whole saliva sample was collected, secretion rate and buffer capacity were determined, and information was gathered on menarche, ongoing menses, and caries increment. Once yearly, the salivary concentration of progesterone was determined with an enzyme immunoassay kit. The results showed a significantly impaired salivary buffer capacity over the years (P < 0.05). Low buffer capacity was significantly correlated with low secretion rate (r = 0.42; P< 0.001) and DMFT increment (r=0.20; P<0.05). Pre-menarche buffer capacity did not differ from the postmenarche scores. The concentration of progesterone in saliva increased with age but displayed no significant relationship to buffer capacity, flow rate, or caries increment. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the salivary buffer capacity may be impaired over the adolescent years in females, but the reason remains unclear.
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| 3. |
- Björnström, H, et al.
(author)
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Fluoride levels in saliva and dental plaque after consumption of snacks prepared with fluoridated salt.
- 2004
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In: European journal of paediatric dentistry. ; 5:1, s. 41-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To determine the concentration of fluoride in saliva and supragingival dental plaque at designated time intervals after consumption of snacks prepared with a standardised amount of fluoridated salt. STUDY DESIGN: The investigation had a single blind prospective crossover design. METHODS: A group of 11 healthy young adults volunteered to participate after verbal and written information and consent. After a 1-week fluoride depletion period, the subjects consumed popcorn prepared with either fluoridated (250 mg/kg) or non-fluoridated salt during 30 minutes. Unstimulated whole saliva and samples of supragingival plaque were collected before consumption (baseline) and at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the intake. Fluoride concentration was determined with a fluoride-specific electrode and the post-ingestion levels were compared with baseline by ANOVA. RESULTS: In saliva, the mean fluoride concentrations at baseline ranged from 0.021 to 0.027 mg/L and after the 30 minutes consumption of fluoride prepared snacks a 15-fold increase (p<0.001) was found. The same pattern was disclosed in the plaque samples. In both saliva and plaque, the fluoride levels remained significantly elevated after 2 hours (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Consumption of snacks prepared with fluoridated table salt resulted in significantly increased fluoride levels in saliva and supragingival plaque for a period of at least two hours.
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| 4. |
- Cagetti, MG, et al.
(author)
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Chlorhexidine concentration in saliva after topical treatment with an antibacterial dental varnish.
- 2004
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In: American journal of dentistry. ; 17:3, s. 196-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the salivary levels of chlorhexidine (CHX) after a single professional treatment with an antibacterial dental varnish (Cervitec) containing 1% CHX and 1% thymol. METHODS: Unstimulated whole saliva from 21 healthy young adults was collected at baseline and up to 24 hours after treatment at designated time intervals and the CHX levels in saliva were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography. Post-treatment saliva samples were added to suspensions of mutans streptococci and supragingival dental plaque for a growth inhibition. RESULTS: CHX concentration in saliva showed a peak value (76.5 microg/ml) after 5 minutes followed by a slow decrease with time. The elevation was statistically significant (P < 0.05) up to 4 hours after the application of the varnish and the recorded values were back to baseline levels after 24 hours. The 2- and 4-hour post-treatment saliva samples inhibited growth of mutans streptococci by 46% and 33%, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Composition of the salivary microflora during habital consumption of fluoridated milk
- 2004
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 143-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate the effect of habitual consumption of fluoridated milk on the composition of the salivary microflora. The study group comprised 20 healthy schoolchildren and young adults with a mean age of 13.6 years and the investigation had a randomized double-blind crossover design with a washout period of 1 month. After professional tooth-cleaning at baseline, the subjects were supplied with either fluoridated (250 mL, 5 ppm F) or non-fluoridated milk for one daily intake during a period of 4 weeks. Salivary samples were collected immediately before tooth-cleaning and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. The samples were immediately cultivated for total viable counts, oral streptococci, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and actinomyces spp. Bacterial counts were logarithmically transformed before statistical evaluation using ANOVA. No significant alterations of the salivary microflora were found during any of the milk regimens compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In conclusion, this study was unable to disclose any significant alteration of the composition of the salivary microflora following daily intake of fluoridated milk.
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| 6. |
- Engström, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Lactic acid formation in supragingival dental plaque after schoolchildren's intake of fluoridated milk.
- 2004
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In: Oral Health Prev Dent. - 1602-1622. ; 2:1, s. 13-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Milk can be used as vehicle for fluoride administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the lactic acid formation in dental plaque after daily intake of fluoridated milk. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 15 healthy schoolchildren, 6-15 years of age, in a double-blind crossover study design. After a one-week fluoride depletion period, 250 ml of fluoridated standard milk (5ppm; total amount 1.25 mg F) or non-fluoride control milk was consumed once daily together with an ordinary meal during 3 days of plaque accumulation with no oral hygiene. On the fourth day, plaque samples were collected immediately before a final milk intake and then after 30, 60 and 180 minutes. After a washout period of at two weeks, the whole procedure was repeated with the corresponding fluoridated or non-fluoridated milk regimen. All samples were suspended and the sucrose-challenged lactic acid formation rate was determined enzymatically. Results: The results showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase of the lactic acid levels 30 min after the intake of the standard (control) milk while no such elevation was evident after the fluoride-containing milk. No differences were found after 60 and 180 min compared with baseline for any of the milks. Conclusion: The findings suggest that fluoride added to milk may counteract the lactic acid formation that follows a non-fluoridated milk intake.
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| 7. |
- Fornell, AC, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of enamel demineralisation (white spots) during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
- 2004
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In: Orthodontics. ; 1, s. 121-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To determine the incidence and distribution of enamel demineralisation (white spot lesions, WSL) adjacent to fixed orthodontic brackets in a low-caries population and to evaluate the value of pre-treatment bitewing radiographs in predicting such lesions. Material and methods: A group of 495 consecutive patients under the age of 19-years (mean 13 yrs) that were treated with fixed appliances during at least 6 months was included. Approximal enamel lesions were scored on bitewing radiographs exposed at onset and immediately after treatment and the incidence of WSL was registered clinically at de-bonding. Results: The incidence of WSL around brackets was 23% and mandibular premolars and cuspids and maxillary cuspids and lateral incisors were most frequently affected. The number of approximal enamel lesions at treatment onset were significantly correlated to WSL development during active treatment (r=0.35, p<0.001). When the onset presence of approximal enamel lesions (≥1) was used as predictor for enamel demineralisations at debonding, the odds ratio for becoming white spots during treatment was 5.6 (p<0.001), with a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.67. Conclusions: The orthodontic team should take pre-treatment bitewing radiographs into consideration when informing the patients on the risk of caries-related adverse effects following orthodontic treatment.
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| 8. |
- Hänsel Petersson, G, et al.
(author)
-
Comparing caries risk factors and caries risk profiles in children and elderly.
- 2004
-
In: Swedish dental journal. ; 28:3, s. 119-128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of this study were to compare the caries risk profiles of children and elderly, the actual annual caries increment and the impact of some selected caries related factors. Another aim was to find out if there were gender differences among the participants. The risk profiles were created by a computerised risk assessment program, the Cariogram, which evaluates data and presents the weighted and summarized result as one figure, illustrating the ‘percent chance of avoiding caries’ in the future. Methods: The Cariogram was earlier evaluated in two longitudinal studies for its capacity to assess caries risk. One study comprised about 400 children, 10-11 years of age and the other study included about 150 elderly (age 55, 65 and 75). At baseline, information on past caries experience, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride was obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The caries risk was assessed and the participants were divided into five groups according to the calculated Cariogram risk profiles. After two and five years, respectively, caries was re-evaluated and the incidence was compared with the predictions. Results: The Cariogram risk predictions were statistically in agreement with the actual caries increment. Fifty percent of the children, but only two percent of the elderly appeared in the lowest caries risk group. Of the elderly, 26.4% belonged to the highest caries risk group versus 3.1% of the children. The median value ‘chance of avoiding caries’ was 44% for the elderly and 80% for the children. The main Cariogram sectors contributing to the observed higher caries risk among elderly was the bacterial components in combination with higher susceptibility. Individual factors contributing significantly to the higher risk profiles for the adults compared to the children were higher plaque scores, higher counts of mutans streptococci and lower buffering capacity. Conclusion: comparing the risk profiles of the children and the elderly showed that the elderly were at a higher risk developing caries lesions. Overall one may say that the risk for caries, as assessed by the Cariogram, was twice as high for the elderly.
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| 9. |
- Nederfors, T, et al.
(author)
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Effects of furosemide and bendroflumethiazide on saliva flow rate and composition.
- 2004
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In: Archives of oral biology. - 0003-9969. ; 49:7, s. 507-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the caries risk profiles of children and elderly, the actual annual caries increment and the impact of some selected caries related factors.The risk profiles were created by a computerised risk assessment program, the Cariogram, which evaluates data and presents the weighted and summarized result as one figure, illustrating the 'percent chance of avoiding caries' in the future. The data used originated from two separate longitudinal studies illustrating the Cariogram's capacity to assess caries risk. One study comprised about 400 children; the other included about 150 elderly. At baseline, information on past caries experience, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride was obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The caries risk was assessed and after two and five years, respectively, caries was re-evaluated and the incidence was compared with the predictions. Fifty percent of the children, but only two percent of the elderly appeared in the lowest caries risk group. Of the elderly, 26% belonged to the highest caries risk group versus 3 % of the children.The mean DFS increment per year for the total group of children was 0.4 +/- 0.8 (SD) and 1.2 +/- 1.9 for the elderly. Individual factors contributing significantly to the higher risk profiles for the adults were higher plaque scores, higher counts of mutans streptococci and lower buffering capacity. Over all, the risk for caries, as assessed by the Cariogram, was twice as high for the elderly.
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| 10. |
- Sköld-Larsson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Effect of topical applications of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on fissure caries assessed by laser fluorescence.
- 2004
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:6, s. 339-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of an antibacterial varnish using the readings of a caries-detecting device (DIAGNOdent) in fissures of young permanent molars. The material consisted of 32 healthy patients with a mean age of 14.1 years undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The inclusion criteria were presence of one homologous pair of 2nd upper or lower molars with clinically intact occlusal surfaces. A split-mouth study design was used in which the fissures were treated with either an antibacterial chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish or a placebo varnish every 6th week. The follow-up period was 42 weeks and laser fluorescence (LF) readings were carried out every 12th week. The mean LF values increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 24, 36, and 48 weeks compared to baseline following the placebo treatments but not after treatment with the active antibacterial varnish. During the study period, micro-cavities were diagnosed in two test-treated and five placebo-treated teeth. In conclusion, the results reinforce previous findings that frequent applications of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing dental varnish might have a protective role in fissures of young permanent molars and that this could be monitored with a chair-side caries detecting LF device.
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