| 6201. |
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| 6202. |
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| 6203. |
- Wood, Teresa L, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed IGF-1 administration rescues oligodendrocyte progenitors from glutamate-induced cell death and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental neuroscience. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9859 .- 0378-5866. ; 29:4-5, s. 302-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously demonstrated that IGF-1 blocks glutamate-mediated death of late oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) by preventing Bax translocation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and cleavage of caspases 9 and 3. Here, we demonstrate that IGF-1 prevents caspase 3 activation in late OPs when administered up to 16 h following exposure to glutamate. Moreover, late addition of IGF-1 to OPs previously exposed to toxic levels of glutamate promotes oligodendrocyte maturation as measured by myelin basic protein expression. We also demonstrate that intraventricularly administered IGF-1 retains OPs in the perinatal white matter after hypoxia-ischemia when given after insult. These results suggest that delayed administration of IGF-1 will rescue OPs in the immature white matter and promote myelination following hypoxia-ischemia.
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| 6204. |
- Wootton, P. T., et al.
(författare)
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Tagging SNP haplotype analysis of the secretory PLA2-V gene, PLA2G5, shows strong association with LDL and oxLDL levels, suggesting functional distinction from sPLA2-IIA: results from the UDACS study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hum Mol Genet. ; 16:12, s. 1437-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal and human studies suggest that both secretory PLA2 (sPLA2)-V and sPLA2-IIA (encoded, respectively, by the neighbouring PLA2G5 and PLA2G2A genes) contribute to atherogenesis. Elevated plasma sPLA2-IIA predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but no mass assay for sPLA2-V is available. We previously reported that tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) haplotypes of PLA2G2A are strongly associated with sPLA2-IIA mass, but not lipid levels. Here, we use tSNPs of the sPLA2-V gene to investigate the association of PLA2G5 with CHD risk markers. Seven PLA2G5 tSNPs genotypes, explaining >92% of the locus genetic variability, were determined in 519 patients with Type II diabetes (in whom PLA2G2A tSNP data was available), and defined seven common haplotypes (frequencies >5%). PLA2G5 and PLA2G2A tSNPs showed linkage disequilibrium (LD). Compared to the common PLA2G5 haplotype, H1 (frequency 34.9%), haplotypes H2-7 were associated with overall higher plasma LDL (P < 0.00004) and total cholesterol (P < 0.00003) levels yet lower oxLDL/LDL (P = 0.006) and sPLA2-IIA mass (P = 0.04), probably reflecting LD with PLA2G2A. Intronic tSNP (rs11573248), unlikely itself to be functional, distinguished H1 from LDL-raising haplotypes and may mark a functional site. In conclusion, PLA2G5 tSNP haplotypes demonstrate an association with total and LDL cholesterol and oxLDL/LDL, not seen with PLA2G2A, thus confirming distinct functional roles for these two sPLA2s.
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| 6205. |
- Wranning, Caiza, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Rejection of the transplanted uterus is suppressed by cyclosporine A in a semi-allogeneic mouse model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hum Reprod. ; 22:2, s. 372-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A mouse uterus transplantation model has previously been developed for studies of various aspects of uterine transplantation, which in the future may be used as treatment for uterine infertility. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CyA) on the rejection of the allotransplanted uterus in the mouse. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were recipients of uteri from F1 hybrids (C57BL/6 x CBA/ca). Transplanted mice received vehicle (control, n=5), 10 or 20 mg/kg/day of CyA (CyA10, n=5 and CyA20, n=5). Untreated F1 hybrids with syngeneic transplants (n=3) were negative controls. On day 10 post-transplantation, the grafted uteri were examined, and biopsies were taken for histology and quantification of T cells. RESULTS: Histology analysis revealed necrosis of the uterine transplants in controls and to a lesser extent in the CyA groups. Apoptosis and inflammation was prominent in grafts from the CyA10 group but suppressed in the CyA20 group. A similar increase of CD4+ cells was seen in all groups, whereas the number of CD8+ cells was higher (P < 0.05) in the two allogeneic groups receiving CyA compared with the allogeneic vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS: CyA treatment clearly delays the progress of rejection of grafted uteri but is insufficient to suppress T cell infiltration. Interestingly, the number of CD8+ cells was higher in groups receiving CyA, possibly reflecting a CyA-dependent depression of activation-induced cell death (AICD) of cytotoxic T cells.
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| 6206. |
- Wranning, Caiza, 1963
(författare)
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Surgery and Ischemia in Uterus Transplantation. Studies in various experimental models.
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of transplantation to enhance quality of life is a growing clinical field that also includes transplantation of reproductive organs. Transplantation of the uterus has been suggested as future method to treat uterus factor infertility. To investigate the feasibility of uterine transplantation and to develop safe methods, research must be performed in appropriate animal and in vitro models. This thesis investigates the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on functional, morphological and biochemical parameters in the uterus in several experimental models and also describes these models. The tolerance of the uterus to cold ischemia was evaluated in a previously developed mouse model for uterus transplantation. Cold ischemia for 24 h did not impair the ability of the mouse uterus to implant embryos and produce normal offspring if University of Wisconsin preservation buffer (UW) was used during ischemia. Also, in vitro studies on human myometrium showed that myometrial contractions, protein synthesis and energy production were well preserved after cold ischemia in UW or the preservation solution Perfadex for 6 h. A pig model for auto-transplantation of the uterus was developed and found to be of less value since the number of successful transplantations was low (21%) due to surgical difficulties related to the anatomy of the pig. In the development of a sheep model other surgical strategies could be used and the success rate was considerably higher (71%). Evaluation of biochemical and morphological parameters during reperfusion after of short time cold ischemia showed recovered metabolism and only a slight inflammatory response that was further reduced by the use of the preservation solution Perfadex during cold ischemia. A rat model was also developed to complement to the mouse as a small animal model for uterine transplantation research. Morphological signs of post-ischemic inflammation in rat uteri transplanted after 24 h of cold ischemia were reduced by pre-treatment of the donor and the recipient with progesterone or prednisolone. In summary, it was found that the mouse, the rat and the sheep can serve as appropriate model animals for studies of various aspects of uterus transplantation. It was also found that in these non-rejecting models the uterus is fairly resistant to injuries induced by surgery and cold ischemia and can tolerate cold ischemic storage for at least 24. However, in a possible future human application, organ injuries induced by ischemia should be reduced. Potential strategies to achieve this could include the use of short ischemic times, appropriate preservation solutions and anti-inflammatory pre-treatment of donor and recipient. These studies have moved the research front in uterine transplantation forward and it is predicted that uterine transplantation can reach the clinical setting within 5 years.
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| 6207. |
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| 6208. |
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| 6209. |
- Wright, Sandra, A. I., 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av köksväxtfrö : Treatment of vegetable seeds
- 2007
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Ingår i: Viola: Potatis och Grönsaker. ; 20, s. 32-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En vanlig orsak till försämrad frökvalitet är att fröna är smittade med bakterier eller svampar, detta påverkar planttätheten och orsakar sjukdomar. Producenter av köksväxtfrön för konventionell odling kan använda fungicider i fält som hämmar utvecklingen av svampsjukdomar, men fröproducenter för den ekologiska odlingen har knappt några effektiva metoder att tillgå, varken för svampbekämpning i fält eller för frösanering.
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| 6210. |
- Wu, Hong, 1965
(författare)
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Insurance and Risk
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Law and Society: American and Global Perspectives.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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