| 21. |
- Beernaert, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Distrust in the End-of-Life Care Provided to a Parent and Long-Term Negative Outcomes Among Bereaved Adolescents : A Population-Based Survey Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 35:27, s. 3136-3142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Previous research shows that the death of a parent places children at risk for a number of negative outcomes. The role of trust in health care at the end of life has been acknowledged as crucial for patients and adult family members. However, the consequences of children's distrust in the care provided to their parents remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the negative long-term outcomes of cancer-bereaved sons' and daughters' distrust in the care that was provided to a dying parent. Methods We used a population-based nationwide survey to investigate self-reported distrust in the care provided and possible negative outcomes in 622 (73%) participants who had lost a parent as a result of cancer 6 to 9 years earlier, at ages 13 to 16 years. All participants were 18 years or older at the time of the survey. Results In those who reported no or little trust (ie, distrust) in the health care provided to their dying parents, we found statistically significantly higher risks of various negative outcomes at the time of survey: bitterness toward health care professionals for not having done everything that was possible (crude risk ratio [RR], 3.5; 95% CI, 2.3 to 5.1) and for having stopped treatment (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.1 to 6.0), self-destructiveness (eg, self-injury [RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4]), and psychological problems (eg, moderate to severe depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.5]). Conclusion In cancer-bereaved former adolescents, distrust in the health care provided to the dying parent is associated with a higher risk of negative long-term outcomes. The health care professionals involved in this care might play an important role in safeguarding the trust of adolescents.
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| 22. |
- Bengtsdotter Katz, Viktoria, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Kursutveckling för att stötta lärarstudenters kommunikativa förmåga
- 2016
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Ingår i: NU2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utgångspunkten i detta abstract är att beskriva processen och resultatet i ett pågående utvecklingsarbete riktat mot att utveckla studenters kommunikativa förmågor inom Grundlärarprogrammet vid Göteborgs universitet. Studenters kommunikativa förmågor är en levande fråga i Grundlärarprogrammets tre inriktningar vilket också betonas i examensmålet ”studenten ska visa kommunikativ förmåga i lyssnande, talande och skrivande till stöd för den pedagogiska verksamheten”. De blivande lärarna behöver därför utveckla språkliga repertoarer för att möta elever, föräldrar och kollegor. De ska också förberedas för att skriva vetenskaplig text. Många av programmets studenter har emellertid liten eller ingen erfarenhet av akademiska studier och akademiskt språk och en del av dessa har även svårigheter med att genomföra sin utbildning. Studenterna behöver därför stödjas i syfte att utveckla såväl sina språkliga repertoarer som att författa vetenskapliga texter. En arbetsgrupp bestående av kursledare, språkhandledare och studeranderepresentant fick i uppdrag att, utifrån examensmålet ovan, skapa en progression som kan bidra till utveckling av studenternas kommunikativa kompetenser mellan de olika kurserna under de två första två terminerna i lärarutbildningen. I syfte att studera hur den befintliga progressionen såg ut analyserades länkningen mellan lärandemål och examinationer samt progressionen inom och mellan de två första (olika?) kurserna på utbildningen. I detta arbete, där framförallt Blooms taxonomi men i viss mån även SOLO-taxonomin (Biggs & Tang, 2011) användes, analyserades först kursplanernas lärandemål genom att lärandemålens aktiva verb identifierades. Därefter analyserades de muntliga och skriftliga uppgifter samt examinationer som studenterna enligt kursguiderna skulle arbeta med under kurserna. Språkhandlingarna i uppgiftsformuleringarna identifierades, men även olika typer av stöttande strukturer och modaliteter undersöktes. Med modaliteter avses de olika förhållningssätt till en text som studenten förväntas visa såsom skriftligt, muntligt och/eller gestaltande. Analysen visade att länkningen mellan lärandemålens aktiva verb, språkhandlingarna, och det som studenterna får öva på och utföra i olika typer av aktiviteter inte alltid stämmer överens. Utifrån analysen blev det viktigt att uppmärksamma de olika kursernas kursledare på hur examinationsuppgifternas anvisningar, i form av språkhandlingar, skulle kunna tydliggöras för att studenterna lättare ska förstå innehållet i de muntliga och skriftliga uppgifter de förväntas utföra. Inför samtalen med kursledarna användes matriser där olika språkhandlingar i kursuppgifter och kursmål synliggjordes. Matriserna visade vilka olika texttyper, såsom rapporter, argumenterande texter och beskrivande texter som studenterna förväntades skriva i kursen. Matriserna visade också vilka modaliteter som efterfrågades i examinationerna. Utifrån matriserna blev det då möjligt att tillsammans med kursledarna studera, diskutera och förändra progressionen mellan kurserna med avseende på de språkhandlingar som ingår. Slutligen diskuterades även progressionen beträffande studenternas kompetens i referenshantering med målet att de ska kunna bemästra detta efter första årets kurser inom lärarutbildningen. Referens: Biggs, J. & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for Quality Learning at University: What the Student Does. New York: Open University Press.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Inger M., 1944, et al.
(författare)
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The cortisol awakening response and the metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of middle-aged men and women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 59:7, s. 1012-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to explore the relationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. The final study sample consisted of 91 women (14 with MetS) and 84 men (15 with MetS), aged 45 to 70 years, from a general population sample. The only exclusion criteria were no consent, pregnancy, or insufficient cortisol testing. On the day of measurement (weekday), salivary cortisol was sampled at awakening and 15 minutes after awakening. Relative CAR (CAR%) and the MetS were the main variables studied. Results showed that, in women with the MetS, cortisol at awakening was significantly lower (mean, 8.92 vs 12.33 nmol/L; P = .05) and the CAR was significantly higher (91.4% vs 36.5%, P < .001) than in women without the syndrome. Significant difference in the relative CAR was also present between men and women with MetS (38.5% and 91.4%, respectively; P = .02). No difference was seen in the awakening response comparing men with and without the MetS. In a regression model, the response to awakening was dependent on the MetS in women (F1,89 = 13.19, P < .001); but the model was not significant in men. Furthermore, the awakening response was associated with more depressive symptoms in women (F1,80 = 8.12, P = .01) and with weekday/weekend cortisol sampling in men (F1,82 = 4.63, P = .03). The association between the relative CAR and the MetS remained significant but somewhat attenuated after adjusting for depressive symptoms (P = .01). Results indicate a sex difference in the CAR% in the presence of the MetS independent of depressive symptoms, a known correlate of the MetS.
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| 24. |
- Bengtsson, Johanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluations of effects due to low-frequency noise in a low demanding work situation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-460X .- 1095-8568. ; 278:1-2, s. 83-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise sources with a dominating content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. This study aimed to evaluate effects of moderate levels of low-frequency noise on attention, tiredness and motivation in a low demanding work situation. Two ventilation noises at the same A-weighted sound pressure level of 45 dB were used: one of a low-frequency character and one of a flat frequency character (reference noise). Thirty-eight female subjects worked with six performance tasks for 4 h in the noises in a between-subject design. Most of the tasks were monotonous and routine in character. Subjective reports were collected using questionnaires and cortisol levels were measured in saliva. The major finding in this study was that low-frequency noise negatively influenced performance on two tasks sensitive to reduced attention and on a proof-reading task. Performances of tasks aimed at evaluating motivation were not significantly affected. The difference in work performance was not reflected by the subjective reports. No effect of noise was found on subjective stress or cortisol levels.
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| 25. |
- Bengtsson, Johanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Sound characteristics in low frequency noise and their relevance for the perception of pleasantness
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Acoustica. ; 90:1, s. 171-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise sources with a dominant content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. Work efficiency has been found in two earlier studies to be impaired to a larger degree when working in a low frequency ventilation noise than when working in a flat frequency ventilation noise at the same A-weighted sound pressure level. Other previous studies indicate that different sound characteristics found in low frequency noise are important for the way in which low frequency noise affects humans, and better knowledge of these characteristics could lead to better methods for assessing low frequency noise in occupational environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of frequency balance between low and high frequencies, which affects the slope of the frequency spectra, and the modulation frequency on subjects´ perception of a pleasant low frequency noise. The results showed that the subjects preferred either a higher or a lower modulation frequency as compared to that of the original low frequency noise, both choices leading to less perceivable modulations. Furthermore, the subjects preferred a lower relative content of frequencies below 500 Hz, but only as long as the original low frequency noise contained modulations and the variations were made within a constant A-weighted sound pressure level. The results are discussed in relation to improved guidelines and to the previously suggested theory of slope of the frequency spectra and problems involved with the implementation of that theory.
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| 26. |
- Bergkvist, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 89:1, s. 7-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an integrated analysis of organic carbon (C) pools in soils and vegetation, within-ecosystem fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in three 40-year old Norway spruce stands along a north-south climatic gradient in Sweden, measured 2001-2004. A process-orientated ecosystem model (CoupModel), previously parameterised on a regional dataset, was used for the analysis. Pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree growth rates were highest at the southernmost site (1.6 and 2.0-fold, respectively). Tree litter production (litterfall and root litter) was also highest in the south, with about half coming from fine roots (< 1 mm) at all sites. However, when the litter input from the forest floor vegetation was included, the difference in total litter input rate between the sites almost disappeared (190-233 g C m(-2) year(-1)). We propose that a higher N deposition and N availability in the south result in a slower turnover of soil organic matter than in the north. This effect seems to overshadow the effect of temperature. At the southern site, 19% of the total litter input to the O horizon was leached to the mineral soil as dissolved organic carbon, while at the two northern sites the corresponding figure was approx. 9%. The CoupModel accurately described general C cycling behaviour in these ecosystems, reproducing the differences between north and south. The simulated changes in SOC pools during the measurement period were small, ranging from -8 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the north to +9 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the south. In contrast, NEE and tree growth measurements at the northernmost site suggest that the soil lost about 90 g C m(-2) year(-1).
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| 27. |
- Bergsten, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Change in kinesiophobia and its relation to activity limitation after multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic back pain
- 2012
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 34:10, s. 852-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To explore the change in kinesiophobia in relation to activity limitation after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic back pain. Method: A prospective cohort study was made including 265 patients. Data were collected at baseline, after rehabilitation, and at 6-months follow-up. Outcome measures were the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) and the disability rating index (DRI). The smallest detectable change (SDC) in TSK was set to 8 scores. Relationships between kinesiophobia and activity limitation/physical ability were explored with regard to subgroups with high, medium and low baseline TSK scores, and for those patients who did or did not reach the SDC in TSK. Results: Improvements in TSK showed high effect sizes in the groups with high and medium baseline TSK scores. Improvements in DRI showed medium effect sizes in all three TSK subgroups. One third of the patients reached the SDC in TSK, and this group also improved significantly more in DRI. The correlation between change in TSK and change in DRI was low. Half of the patients with high TSK score at baseline remained having high DRI at follow-up. Conclusions: Improvement in physical ability was not related to the initial degree of kinesiophobia but to the SDC in TSK. To prevent patients with high kinesiophobia from preserving high activity limitations, it might be useful to include targeted treatment of kinesiophobia.
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| 28. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and factor structure of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory--Swedish Language Version (MPI-S).
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pain. - : LWW. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 75:1, s. 101-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychological assessment of chronic pain is often accomplished using questionnaires such as the (West Haven-Yale) Multidimensional Pain Inventory ((WHY)MPI) which is constructed to capture the multidimensionality of chronic pain. The (WHY)MPI theoretically originates from behavioural and cognitive behavioural theories of pain. It is divided into three parts and measures psychosocial and behavioural consequences of pain. This questionnaire has displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and translations of the original English version into German and Dutch have been demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and factor structure of a Swedish translation of the (WHY)MPI, the MPI-S, and also to test the generalisability of the factor structure found for the (WHY)MPI. We performed analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) employing LISREL-8 on a population of 682 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. Test-retest analysis was accomplished on a sub-sample of 54 individuals taken from the aforementioned population. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S the overall reliability and stability were good, and after the exclusion of four items, the factor structure was similar to other versions of the MPI. For section 3, despite removal of five questions, the proposed factor structure could not be replicated. This part of the inventory is designed to measure the extent of different types of activities, and our results suggest that this section may only be used for assessing general activity level. We conclude that, with a few adjustments, the analyses yielded satisfactory results for sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S regarding its factor structure, reliability and generalisability. For section 3 the hypothesised factor structure could not be confirmed.
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| 29. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Interventions in child welfare : A Swedish inventory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 28:1, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Swedish child welfare, there are no mandatory guidelines on what interventions to use. Local authorities are able to set their own criteria for implementing or designing interventions. We carried out a survey to identify interventions in use in Children's Social Services and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Care in Sweden. A total of 102 interventions were stated to have been in use, with between 31 and 45 different interventions for each of the four different child welfare populations. Of the 102 interventions, 56 were designed outside Sweden and later imported. Only 27 interventions were supported with some kind of research evidence. About half of the interventions targeted the child. Possible implications for practice and research are discussed.
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| 30. |
- Biganzoli, L., et al.
(författare)
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The requirements of a specialist breast centre
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 51, s. 65-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is an update of the requirements of a specialist breast centre, produced by EUSOMA and endorsed by ECCO as part of Essential Requirements for Quality Cancer Care (ERQCC) programme, and ESMO. To meet aspirations for comprehensive cancer control, healthcare organisations must consider the requirements in this article, paying particular attention to multidisciplinarity and patient-centred pathways from diagnosis, to treatment, to survivorship. The centrepiece of this article is the requirements section, comprising definitions; multidisciplinary structure; minimum case, procedure and staffing volumes; and detailed descriptions of the skills of, and resources needed by, members and specialisms in the multidisciplinary team in a breast centre. These requirements are positioned within narrative on European breast cancer epidemiology, the standard of care, challenges to delivering this standard, and supporting evidence, to enable a broad audience to appreciate the importance of establishing these requirements in specialist breast centres. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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