| 51. |
- Andersson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Five Types of Practice-Based ImprovementIdeas in Health Care Services: An EmpiricallyDefined Typology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:2, s. 122-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to empirically identify and present different kinds of practice-based improvement ideas developed in health care services. The focus is on individual placement needs, problems/issues, and the ability to organize work on the development, implementation, and institutionalization of ideas for the health care sector. This study is based on a Swedish county council improvement program. Health care departments and primary health care centers in the Kalmar County Council were invited to apply for money to accomplish improvement projects. A qualitative content analysis was done of 183 proposed applications from various health care departments and primary health care centers. The following 5 types of improvement projects were identified: organizational process, evidence and quality, competence development, process technology, and proactive patient work. This illustrates the range of strategies that encourage letting individual units define their own improvement needs. These projects point to the various problems and experiences health care professionals encounter in their day-to-day work. To generalize beyond this improvement program and to validate the typology, we applied it to all articles found when searching for quality improvement projects in the journal Quality Management in Health Care during the last 2 years and found that all of them could be fitted into at least 1 of those 5 categories. This article provides valuable insights into the current state of improvemen work in Swedish health care, and will serve as a foundation for further investigations in this quality improvement program.
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| 52. |
- Andersson, Anita, 1961-
(författare)
-
Estetik på klinik : Den estetiska kirurgins legitimerande retorik
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with how esthetic surgery as a phenomenon and as a pursuit has been constructed to attain cultural legitimacy, that is, how esthetic surgery has been presented, advocated, and shaped so as to make it seem a possible, reasonable, acceptable, and meaningful practice in the contemporary culture and in people-s lives. Temporally, the study period ranges from the early 1980s to the early 2000s. During that period, esthetic surgery made its breakthrough in Sweden as a practical pursuit and as a cultural phenomenon. Cultural legitimacy is a pivotal concept in the study. It is used here to denote that a pursuit or a phenomenon - in this case esthetic surgery - has attained a status in the public discourse that makes it seem conceivable and acceptable. In this dissertation, I study how this cultural legitimacy is established through expressions in media. I analyze the work of construction that is leading to esthetic surgery reaching that position from a focus on the rhetoric of legitimization, that is, how esthetic surgery is talked about so that cultural legitimacy can be attained. It is a matter of appealing to the public so that esthetic surgery is accepted as a body modification practice, available and relevant to everyone. The work with the material showed that creating justification, appeal, and credibility plays a prominent role in this construction. The promise inherent in esthetic surgery has to be presented as realistic and realizable, while simultaneously referring to culturally anchored values and defining these as associated with esthetic surgery. In this process justification, appeal and credibility have been linked to such dominating values as freedom, health and naturalness.
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| 53. |
- Andersson, Anita, 1961-
(författare)
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Sänk tempot! Stress som retorisk figur i svensk reklam
- 2005. - 1
-
Ingår i: Reklam och hälsa. - Stockholm : Carlsson bokförlag. - 9172036354 - 9789172036352 ; , s. 176-196
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Författarna, akademiker verksamma vid Linköpings universitet, diskuterar här reklamen och dess koppling till hälsa, från förra sekelskiftet till i dag. Tesen att det reklamen säljer är just skönhet, hälsa och välbefinnande drivs.
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| 54. |
- Andersson, Carina, 1970-
(författare)
-
Upplevelser av budskap : Fallstudier av hur användare upplever och förstår information i användargränssnitt
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När användbarheten studeras av den information som presenteras i ett användargränssnitt på en datorskärm kan det framkomma vad som fungerar effektivt och korrekt. I sådana sammanhang förs sällan någon diskussion om hur den information som presenteras kommunicerar med en användare.Syftet med detta forskningsprojekt är att på ett generellt plan öka kunskapen om olika analytiska perspektiv för att studera den information som presenteras i ett användargränssnitt på en datorskärm, som ett led till att skapa begriplig information för människor. Mer preciserat är syftet att få en djupare förståelse för hur en informationslämnare kan kommunicera med en informationsanvändare genom den information som presenteras i ett användargränssnitt. Målet med forskningsprojektet är att presentera ett antal relevanta analytiska perspektiv som kan användas för att beskriva hur presenterad information i ett användargränssnitt kan kommunicera med en användare. Forskningsresultatet bidrar med ett ramverk som kan ligga till grund för ett analysstöd. Forskningsresultatet bidrar även med en ansats för framtida forskning inom området.Forskningsprojektet bygger på fyra fallstudier. Analysobjekten i fallstudierna utgörs av fyra olika användargränssnitt på datorskärm, vilka används inom olika myndigheter, organisationer och företag. Vartdera användargränssnittet och dess informationsdesign studeras med hänsyn till: informationslämnarnas önskemål och intentioner, informationsanvändarnas upplevelse och förståelse av information och kontexters påverkan.De slutsatser som dras är bland annat att informationsdesign i ett användargränssnitt på datorskärm upplevs och förstås av användare i samklang med inre, när och yttre kontext. Dessa kontexter kan studeras utifrån tre olika perspektiv, ett semiotiskt, ett retoriskt och ett narrativt perspektiv. En sådan analys kan framhäva den kommunikation som sker mellan de budskap som informationslämnaren vill berätta, hur den presenterade informationen i användargränssnittet arrangeras och komponeras och hur olika kontexter påverkar användarnas upplevelse och förståelse av den information som presenteras.
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| 55. |
- Andersson, Fräs Annika, 1974-
(författare)
-
Determination of Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Air and other Gas Matrices : Development and Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) are frequently emitted during bioindustrial activities, such as production of biogas, sewage treatment, landfilling, pulpmilling, and the slaughtering of animals and meat processing. VSCs are reactive and malodorous, and they can also be detrimental to human health, therefore it is of great interest to be able to analyze these compounds.However, the standard techniques that are now available for determination of VSCs entail detection limits that in some cases exceed the odor thresholds, and, what is more, they require the use of solvents and toxic reagents. In addition, a single standard method does not exist that can be used to analyze all the VSCs that are most often associated with bioindustrial processes.In the present studies, a technique based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed for analysis of the VSCs that are commonly found in the bioindustry. The method could even be applied to very complex gas matrices representing point-source emissions of these compounds in amounts below their odor thresholds. Furthermore, the procedure constitutes an improvement compared to the other techniques employed to determine VSCs, because SPME is less time-consuming, it does not require the use of solvents or other chemicals, and it can extract all the compounds simultaneously. The potential of applying SPME for time-weighted average sampling of VSCs was also investigated. These experiments showed that the connnercially available fiber coating with the highest affmity for VSCs (i.e., Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane)could achieve accurate determination of dimethyldisulfide, whereas use of thatcoating to collect the other compounds was highly influenced by externalparameters that are subject to variation. This work also included investigationsof several important aspects of SPME analysis of VSCs, such as the choice offiber coating, artifact formation, and the impact of various parameters on theextraction.The current results demonstrate that the SPME methodology that was developed can be used to determine VSCs in different matrices and contexts within the bioindustry. More precisely, the technique was successfully employed for the following purposes: to determine background levels ofVSCs to which workers were exposed; to monitor VSC emissions during the biogas process; to supervise the quality of produced biogas; to investigate the efficiency of processes used for abatement of VSCs; and to ascertain the cause of odor problems.
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| 56. |
- Andersson, Fräs Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Occurrence and abatement of volatile sulfur compounds during biogas production
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. - 1047-3289. ; 54:7, s. 855-861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in biogas originating from a biogas production plant and from a municipal sewage water treatment plant were identified. Samples were taken at various stages of the biogas-producing process, including upgrading the gas to vehicle-fuel quality. Solid-phase microextraction was used for preconcentration of the VSCs, which were subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Other volatile organic compounds present also were identified. The most commonly occurring VSCs in the biogas were hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide was not always the most abundant sulfur (S) compound. Besides VSCs, oxygenated organic compounds were commonly present (e.g., ketones, alcohols, and esters). The effect of adding iron chloride to the biogas reactor on the occurrence of VSCs also was investigated. It was found that additions of 500-g/m3 substrate gave an optimal removal of VSCs. Also, the use of a prefermentation step could reduce the amount of VSCs formed in the biogas process. Moreover, in the carbon dioxide scrubber used for upgrading the gas, VSCs were removed efficiently, leaving traces (ppbv levels). The scrubber also removed other organic compounds.
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| 57. |
- Andersson, Fräs Annika
(författare)
-
Solid-phase microextraction for determination of background levels and point-source emissions of volatile sulfur compounds in the bioindustry
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study was conducted to develop a rapid, matrix-independent technique for simultaneous analysis of nine different volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in complex gas matrices.The potential of using solid-phase microextraction (SP:ME) in this context was investigated, and, to achieve the best sensitivity and avoid artifact formation and competitive adsorption, pel'formance ofthe following fiber coatings was tested: Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CARIPDMS),divinylbenzene/ polydimethyl-siloxane (DVBIPDMS), and Carboxen/divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/DVBIPDMS). The optimal injector temperature and desorption time for each fiber were dete1n1ined by experimental design. The samples analyzed were collected in Tedlar bags at a biogas facility and a sewage treatment plant to represent background levels and point-source emissions. The samples were subsequently dried over CaClz and preconcenti·ated bySPME, and the target compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. CARIPDMS induced the lowest level of artifact formation and initially also exhibited the broadest range of linear adsorption kinetics. Anextraction time of 2.5 min gave no matrix effects, despite the complexity of the samples, and the analytes were accurately quantified using extemal calibration curves below odor thresholds.Detection limits ranged from 0.008 (CS2) to 2.5 (H2S) ppbv, and the relative standard deviation was 4-16%.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1961-
(författare)
-
The international diffusion of new chemical entities : A cross-national study of the determinants of differences in drug lag
- 1990
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The two main objectives of this thesis are to make a general contribution to the understanding of the international diffusion of new chemical entities (NCEs) and to improve the research methods by applying econometric methodology.The study is based on a data base including all 553 NCEs introduced in Sweden during the period 1960-1987 and their introductions in France, West Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States and Norway. A complementary data base covering 11 countries for the period 1970-1983 is also examined.Large differences are found between the countries regarding the diffusion of NCEs - both in the number of NCEs that are diffused to the countries (level of diffusion) and in the time needed for the NCEs to diffuse (rate of diffusion). There is also a general tendency for an increasing amount of time to be needed for the NCEs to diffuse. Econometric methodology is applied in the search for the determinants of the rate of diffusion. The three earlier models of the rate of diffusion are all rejected and two new models are constructed, one Swedish and one international. In these models the regulation-related variables are found to have the largest influence on the rate of international diffusion of NCEs.At the end of the thesis, policy implications of the results and prospects for the future are discussed.
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| 60. |
- Andersson, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
-
Haverier i social barnavård? Fem fallstudier
- 2001
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HAVERIER i social barnavård är lyckligtvis mycket ovanliga. I detta arbete analyseras fem fall som alla vid någon tidpunkt har utvecklats på ett olyckligt sätt. De olika fallen ger tillsammans en bred belysning av dilemmor och möjligheter i socialt och psykiatriskt arbete med utsatta barn. Genom att analysera olika vändpunkter i fallen diskuteras både haverier och god praktik. Läsaren kan själv ta ställning: Vad är ett haveri? Hur kan haverier undvikas? Det finns också rikligt med stoff för debatt kring barnets bästa, barns rättigheter, och mediernas och allmänhetens ansvar. Boken har alla förutsättningar att engagera både den intresserade allmänheten och journalister, liksom personer under utbildning eller fortbildning vid socialhögskolor, psykiatriutbildningar och jurist- eller polishögskolor. FALLSTUDIEN som metod har varit av avgörande betydelse inom hjärnforskningen och annan medicinsk forskning. Inom samhällsvetenskaperna har den däremot varit försummad. I denna bok illustreras olika angreppssätt genom fem olika typer av fall. Dessutom presenteras teori kring fallstudier och berättande, liksom metodiska synpunkter på fallstudien som forsknings- och utredningsmetod.
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