| 31. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 32. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 33. |
- Klimesova, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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A multipurpose end-station for atomic, molecular and optical sciences and coherent diffractive imaging at ELI beamlines
- 2021
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Nature. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 230:23, s. 4183-4194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the status of a users' end-station, MAC: a Multipurpose station for Atomic, molecular and optical sciences and Coherent diffractive imaging, designed for studies of structure and dynamics of matter in the femtosecond time-domain. MAC is located in the E1 experimental hall on the high harmonic generation (HHG) beamline of the ELI Beamlines facility. The extreme ultraviolet beam from the HHG beamline can be used at the MAC end-station together with a synchronized pump beam (which will cover the NIR/Vis/UV or THz range) for time-resolved experiments on different samples. Sample delivery systems at the MAC end-station include a molecular beam, a source for pure or doped clusters, ultrathin cylindrical or flat liquid jets, and focused beams of substrate-free nanoparticles produced by an electrospray or a gas dynamic virtual nozzle combined with an aerodynamic lens stack. We further present the available detectors: electron/ion time-of-flight and velocity map imaging spectrometers and an X-ray camera, and discuss future upgrades: a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer, production of doped nanodroplets and the planned developments of beam capabilities at the MAC end-station.
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| 34. |
- Koch, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of education intervention on the quality and long-term outcomes of root canal treatment in general practice
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 48:7, s. 680-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare the technical quality and long-term outcomes of root canal treatment by general practitioners of a Swedish Public Dental Service, before and after an endodontic education including Ni-Ti rotary technique (NiTiR).Methodology: A random sample was compiled, comprising one root filled tooth from each of 830 patients, treated by 69 general practitioners participating in the education: 414 teeth root filled in 2002, pre-education, using primarily stainless steel instrumentation and filling by lateral compaction, and 416 teeth root filled post-education (2005), using mainly NiTiR and single-cone obturation. Follow-up radiographs taken in 2009 were evaluated alongside immediate post-filling radiographs from 2002 to 2005. The density and length of the root fillings were registered. Periapical status was assessed by the Periapical Index (PAI), using two definitions of disease: apical periodontitis (AP) (PAI 3 + 4 + 5) and definite AP (PAI 4 + 5). Tooth survival was registered. Root fillings pre- and post-education were compared using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Crude extraction rates per 100 years were calculated for comparison of tooth survival. Explanatory variables (type of tooth, root filling quality, periapical status, marginal bone loss, type and quality of coronal restoration) in relation to the dependent variable (AP at follow-up) were analysed by multivariable logistic regression.Results: Follow-up data were available for 229 (55%) of teeth treated pre-and 288 (69%) treated post-education: both tooth survival (P < 0.001) and root filling quality were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the latter. However, there was no corresponding improvement in periapical status. Both preand post-education, root fillings with definite AP on completion of treatment had significantly higher odds of AP or definite AP at follow-up. For teeth treated post-education, inadequate root filling quality was significantly associated with AP at follow-up.Conclusions: Despite a higher tooth survival rate and a significant improvement in technical quality of root fillings after the education, there was no corresponding improvement in periapical status.
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| 35. |
- Koch, Margaretha, et al.
(författare)
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Successful clinical and organisational change in endodontic practice : a qualitative study
- 2014
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 18:3, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explicate and describe the qualitative meaning of successful clinical and organizational change in endodontic practice, following a comprehensive implementation program, including the integration of the nickel-titanium-rotary-technique. After an educational intervention in the Public Dental Service in a Swedish county, thematic in-depth interviews were conducted, with special reference to the participants' experience of the successful change. Interviews with four participants, were purposively selected on the basis of occupation (dentist, dental assistant, receptionist, clinical manager), for a phenomenological human scientific analysis. Four constituents were identified as necessary for the invariant, general structure of the phenomenon: 1) disclosed motivation, 2) allowance for individual learning processes, 3) continuous professional collaboration, and 4) a facilitating educator. The perceived requirements for achieving successful clinical and organizational change in endodontic practice were clinical relevance, an atmosphere which facilitated discussion and allowance for individual learning patterns. The qualities required in the educator were acknowledged competence with respect to scientific knowledge and clinical expertise, as well as familiarity with conditions at the dental clinics. The results indicate a complex interelationship among various aspects of the successful change process.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, et al.
(författare)
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The lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment in the context of general dentistry
- 2021
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Ingår i: BDJ Open. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2056-807X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To describe what characterises the lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment in the context of general dentistry.Materials and methods: Three dental hygienists from general dentistry in Sweden, were purposively selected as participants and interviewed. The participants described a situation in which they had performed a periodontal treatment. The descriptions were analysed using the descriptive phenomenological psychological method.Results: The general meaning structure of the lived experience of performing a periodontal treatment comprised five constituents, (a) an established treatment routine, (b) importance of oral hygiene, (c) self-awareness and motivation of the patient, (d) support and doubt, and (e) mechanical infection control. The periodontal treatment is perceived as being set prior to its commencement and as following established routines, in which the patients’ oral hygiene is experienced as a crucial part. The patients’ self-awareness and a supportive clinician are seen as important factors in motivating the patient towards positive behavioural change, although there is a presence of doubt in patients’ ability to maintain this positive change. Mechanical infection control is perceived as successful but sometimes difficult to perform.Conclusions: Important, patient-related, factors are constituting the phenomenon of performing a periodontal treatment but an experience that the pre-existing standardised workflow influences patient management was also present.
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| 38. |
- Mota de Almeida, Fernando José, et al.
(författare)
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Circumstances behind the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for endodontic reasons in Sweden from the perspective of the referring dentist
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 50:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To study the circumstances preceding the CBCT examination referral for endodontic reasons in Sweden. Methodology: Fourteen dentists (8 female) 33–58 years of age (mean =44), practicing in Sweden were strategically selected. Ten of the dentists were specialists in endodontics. The absolute inclusion criterion was experience of referring patients for CBCT for endodontic reasons. The included dentists provided a variation concerning gender, age, work experience, education background, location of practice, service affiliation and accessibility to CBCT. Data was obtained through thematic, semi-structured interviews exposing the context of their last self-reported three referrals. Dentists were encouraged to describe their experiences of the circumstances in their own words, aided by the interviewer’s openended questions. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the text. Results: The preliminary results may indicate that high clinical diagnostic standards, clinical common sense and a willingness of helping the patient with minimal harm may restrict the use of CBCT to address complex diagnostic judgements or therapeutic decisions, which comply with existing European guidelines on the use of CBCT in endodontics. Knowledge of guidelines was however limited among the interviewed dentists. Conclusions: Common sense and high professional standards seem to lead dentists in Sweden to comply with current European guidelines for the use of CBCT in endodontics even when the den tists lack knowledge of the guidelines. Acknowledgements: This work is funded by the Norrbotten County Council.
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| 39. |
- Mota de Almeida, Fernando José, et al.
(författare)
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'Seeing is believing' : a qualitative approach to studying the use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 52:10, s. 1519-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To gain insight into the decision processes of dentists when requesting a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in endodontic settings.Methodology: Fourteen dentists (eight female) 33-58 years of age (mean = 44) practising in Sweden were interviewed. Ten of the dentists were specialists in Endodontics. The absolute inclusion criterion was experience of referring patients for CBCT for endodontic reasons. The included dentists comprised a strategically selected diverse sample in terms of gender, age, work experience, educational background, location of practice, service affiliation and accessibility to CBCT. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews exposing the context of their last three self-reported referrals. Dentists were encouraged to describe their experiences of the circumstances in their own words, aided by the interviewer's open-ended questions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed by qualitative content analysis.Results: The manifest content was organized into three categories that were defined as visualization as a desire, facilitating tough decisions and allocating responsibility.Conclusion: An overall theme (covering the latent content) was identified: A balance between clinical common sense and a 'better safe than sorry' attitude guides the use of CBCT in endodontic settings. Informants had high clinical standards, knowledge concerning radiation risks and good sense, which could compensate for their lack of knowledge of guidelines. The national radiation regulatory system was perceived to work as a slightly porous gatekeeper for over-usage.
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| 40. |
- Negrea, Aurel, et al.
(författare)
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Salicylidene Acylhydrazides That Affect Type III Protein Secretion in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
- 2007
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804. ; 51:8, s. 2867-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A collection of nine salicylidene acylhydrazide compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the activity of virulence-associated type III secretion systems (T3SSs) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The compounds strongly affected Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) T3SS-mediated invasion of epithelial cells and in vitro secretion of SPI1 invasion-associated effector proteins. The use of a SPI1 effector ß-lactamase fusion protein implicated intracellular entrapment of the protein construct upon application of a salicylidene acylhydrazide, whereas the use of chromosomal transcriptional gene fusions revealed a compound-mediated transcriptional silencing of SPI1. Salicylidene acylhydrazides also affected intracellular bacterial replication in murine macrophage-like cells and blocked the transport of an epitope-tagged SPI2 effector protein. Two of the compounds significantly inhibited bacterial motility and expression of extracellular flagellin. We conclude that salicylidene acylhydrazides affect bacterial T3SS activity in S. enterica and hence could be used as lead substances when designing specific inhibitors of bacterial T3SSs in order to pharmaceutically intervene with bacterial virulence.
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