| 1. |
- Alfes, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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A classification of polyharmonic Maaß forms via quiver representations
- 2025
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Ingår i: Journal of Algebra. - 0021-8693 .- 1090-266X. ; 661, s. 713-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We give a classification of the Harish-Chandra modules generated by the pullback to SL2(R) of polyharmonic Maaß forms for congruence subgroups of SL2(Z) with exponential growth allowed at the cusps. This extends results of Bringmann–Kudla in the harmonic case. While in the harmonic setting there are nine cases, our classification comprises ten; A new case arises in weights k>1. To obtain the classification we introduce quiver representations into the topic and show that those associated with polyharmonic Maaß forms are cyclic, indecomposable representations of the two-cyclic or the Gelfand quiver. A classification of these transfers to a classification of polyharmonic weak Maaß forms. To realize all possible cases of Harish-Chandra modules we develop a theory of weight shifts for Taylor coefficients of vector-valued spectral families. We provide a comprehensive computer implementation of this theory, which allows us to provide explicit examples.
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| 2. |
- Brijs, Jeroen, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of electrical and percussive stunning on neural, ventilatory and cardiac responses of rainbow trout
- 2025
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Ingår i: AQUACULTURE. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From an ethical standpoint, it is imperative that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are humanely slaughtered, which entails that they are rendered unconscious immediately by a stunning method and remain so until death. The efficacy of electrical stunning following dewatering (i.e., in-air electrical stunning at intensities of 50 to 920 mA and durations of 5 to 30 s) and percussive stunning, both advocated as humane stunning and/or killing methods, are evaluated here for this species via the presence or absence of visually evoked responses (VERs). In addition, ventilatory and cardiac responses were evaluated to elucidate the physiological basis for the lethality of both methods. While the present study was unable to determine the capability of in-air electrical stunning to induce immediate unconsciousness, our findings revealed that irreversible stuns were induced by both in-air electrical stunning (i.e., similar to 25 to 70% of individuals did not recover VERs across the various combinations of stunning intensities and/or durations) and percussive stunning (i.e., similar to 100% of individuals did not recover VERs). The efficacy of in-air electrical stunning for permanently abolishing VERs was marginally, but significantly, impacted by stun intensity (i.e., explained 8% of the variation). Furthermore, due to substantial inter-specific variability and a limited sample size, significant impacts of stun intensity and/or duration on the recovery of VERs in reversibly stunned individuals were not detected in the present study (i.e., VERs recovered between <0.5 to 28.8 min). Further investigation is therefore necessary before in-air electrical stunning can be endorsed as a standalone humane slaughter method for rainbow trout. This includes determining its capacity to induce immediate unconsciousness, as well as to identify additional factors that could be modified or enhanced to improve its efficacy. Furthermore, since death following in-air electrical stunning likely entails a prolonged process involving ventilatory failure, hypoxemia, and subsequent vital organ malfunction, rather than immediate cardiac arrest or central nervous system failure, the sequential use of methods such as percussive stunning is recommended to safeguard the welfare of rainbow trout during slaughter.
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| 3. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, et al.
(författare)
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Rings and C*-algebras generated by commutators ☆
- 2025
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA. - 0021-8693 .- 1090-266X. ; 662, s. 214-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that a unital ring is generated by its commutators as an ideal if and only if there exists a natural number N such that every element is a sum of N products of pairs of commutators. We show that one can take N < 2 for matrix rings, and that one may choose N < 3 for rings that contain a direct sum of matrix rings - this in particular applies to C*-algebras that are properly infinite or have real rank zero. For Jiang-Su-stable C*-algebras, we show that N < 6 can be arranged. For arbitrary rings, we show that every element in the commutator ideal admits a power that is a sum of products of commutators. Using that a C*-algebra cannot be a radical extension over a proper ideal, we deduce that a C*-algebra is generated by its commutators as a not necessarily closed ideal if and only if every element is a finite sum of products of pairs of commutators. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://
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| 4. |
- Haley, Aimee, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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The Purposes of Internationalisation – Future Teachers’ Perspectives
- 2025
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Ingår i: Journal of Education for Teaching. - 0260-7476 .- 1360-0540. ; 51:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigates the purposes of internationalisation from the perspective of a group of international prospective teachers studying at a Swedish university. The results show that the prospective teachers’ understanding of internationalisation corresponds to three ideologies of internationalisation – idealism, instrumentalism, and educationalism – but there is also evidence of a more complex and multifaceted understanding of internationalisation. We propose that a new internationalisation ideology may be emerging that corresponds to ideas about ‘responsible internationalisation’ and is connected to the Covid-19 pandemic and changing geopolitics. The importance of taking future teachers’ viewpoints into account, as well as a considering changes to global and local educational contexts, is emphasised when formulating internationalisation strategies in teacher education.
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| 5. |
- Havinger, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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My Digital Mountain - An Autoethnographic Exploration of Off-piste Skiers' Use of Digital Tools
- 2025
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). - 1530-1605 .- 2572-6862.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the sociocultural dynamics of off-piste skiers' engagement with digital tools for information-seeking, sharing, and risk management. The study uses autoethnographic narratives and qualitative interview data to understand the digital interactions of off-piste skiers and their influence on decision-making and safety. The findings underscore the extensive use of digital tools, particularly FATMAP, to provide real-time information crucial for navigating the unpredictable terrain and enhancing decision-making processes. This research underscores the significant role of digital representation of the mountain in shaping off-piste skiing practices, cultivating community, and, ultimately, experiences. The findings provide unique insights that help us understand digital tools’ informational use in extreme environments, specifically in the context of off-piste skiing.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Shang, Yueyong, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-specific trade-off under marine heat wave and food limitation: Insights from bioenergetic and intestinal microbiome in mussels
- 2025
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Ingår i: AQUACULTURE. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global warming, marine heat waves and subsequent food limitation are projected to be more frequent and intense under future climate change. Understanding the consequences for key marine species such as mussels is critical to ensure sustainability and guide adaptation options. Mussels are not only an economically important species but also considered excellent indicators of environmental changes. This study evaluates the sex-specific effects of marine heat waves and food limitation on the bioenergetics and intestinal flora of the digestive glands of mussels. Heat waves had a significant negative effect on cell energy homeostasis of the digestive gland in female mussels. Food limitation significantly decreased the total energy reserve in the digestive gland of both female and male mussels. Combined food limitation and heat wave led to sex-specific responses with significantly higher cellular energy allocation parameters observed in the digestive gland of female mussels as compared to males. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the intestinal flora of female mussels was more stable, as well as sex-specific differences in the relative abundance of various bacteria phyla. This study highlights the importance to consider sex in studies evaluating the impact of climate change in mussels, and the results can contribute to the development of strategies for sustainable bivalve aquaculture under the growing risks of warming, heatwaves and food limitations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aakre, Kristin M, et al.
(författare)
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Lower Limits for Reporting High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays and Impact of Analytical Performance on Patient Misclassification.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 70:3, s. 497-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac troponin measurements are indispensable for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and provide useful information for long-term risk prediction of cardiovascular disease. Accelerated diagnostic pathways prevent unnecessary hospital admission, but require reporting cardiac troponin concentrations at low concentrations that are sometimes below the limit of quantification. Whether analytical imprecision at these concentrations contributes to misclassification of patients is debated.The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers (IFCC C-CB) provides evidence-based educational statements on analytical and clinical aspects of cardiac biomarkers. This mini-review discusses how the reporting of low concentrations of cardiac troponins impacts on whether or not assays are classified as high-sensitivity and how analytical performance at low concentrations influences the utility of troponins in accelerated diagnostic pathways. Practical suggestions are made for laboratories regarding analytical quality assessment of cardiac troponin results at low cutoffs, with a particular focus on accelerated diagnostic pathways. The review also discusses how future use of cardiac troponins for long-term prediction or management of cardiovascular disease may require improvements in analytical quality.Clinical guidelines recommend using cardiac troponin concentrations as low as the limit of detection of the assay to guide patient care. Laboratories, manufacturers, researchers, and external quality assessment providers should extend analytical performance monitoring of cardiac troponin assays to include the concentration ranges applicable in these pathways.
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| 11. |
- Aarnio, Karoliina, et al.
(författare)
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Etiologic subtypes of first and recurrent ischemic stroke in young patients using A-S-C-O and TOAST classification criteria: A retrospective follow-up study
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Scarce data exist on the etiology of recurrent ischemic strokes (ISs) among young adults. We analyzed the etiology of first-ever and recurrent events and the differences between them.Patients and methods: Patients aged 15-49 years with a first-ever IS in 1994-2007 were included in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. In this retrospective cohort study, data on recurrent ISs were identified from Care Register for Health Care until the end of 2017 and Causes of Death Register and from patient records until the end of 2020. All first-ever and recurrent ISs were classified using Atherosclerosis-Small vessel disease-Cardioembolism-Other Cause (A-S-C-O) and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications.Results: A total of 970 patients were included (median age at index IS 46 years, interquartile range 43-48, 33% women), of which 155 (16.0%) patients had recurrent IS, with 8 (5.2%) fatal cases and 5 (3.2%) unverifiable cases. The median follow-up was 17.4 (IQR 13.9-21.7) years. Median time from the index event to the first recurrent event was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6-10.2) years. Recurrence was more often due to definite cardioembolism (10.7% vs 18.0%, p = 0.013), while the proportion of other definite A-S-C-O subgroups remained the same. With TOAST classification, the proportion of true cryptogenic ISs decreased (16.7% vs 6.7%, p = 0.003), while those with incomplete evaluation increased (9.3% vs 19.3%, p = 0.015). Other TOAST phenotypes remained the same.Conclusion: The proportion of definite cardioembolism increased at recurrence using the A-S-C-O classification and the number of cryptogenic ISs decreased using the TOAST classification, while cases with incomplete evaluation increased. Most etiologies remained the same.
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| 12. |
- Aaroe, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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The journalistic preference for extreme exemplars: educational socialization, psychological biases, or editorial policy?
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 74:1, s. 48-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exemplars are central in news reporting. However, extreme negative exemplars can bias citizens' factual perceptions and attributions of political responsibility. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the factors shaping journalistic preferences for including exemplars in news stories is limited. We investigate the extent to which educational socialization, psychological biases, and editorial policy shape journalistic preferences for extreme negative exemplars. We field large-scale survey experiments to a population sample of journalism students, a nationally representative sample of citizens, and a representative sample of "young people" and obtain evaluations of news value, newsworthiness, and behavioral measures of the actual write-up of news articles. We find significant support for the role of editorial policy and limited support for the role of educational socialization and psychological biases. In a time where economic pressures and the proliferation of digital media potentially lead editors to prioritize clickbait, these findings suggest that structural biases in news coverage may be aggravated.
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| 13. |
- Aarsand, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Documenting young people's production of visual culture: heritage as lines and movements
- 2024
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Ingår i: 7 th Biennale Association of Critical Heritage Studies Conference, 2024.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young people are seen as both consumers and producers of culture. This can be seen in cultural heritage intuitions and how young people's cultural production is categorised, preserved and exhibited. Children’s perspectives are important in understanding what it means to be a young person at a particular moment in history, thereby to make children’s narratives and voices accessible to future generations is of most importance. The present paper scrutinizes young people’s picture practices and archive material on young people’s pictures to see what is captured. The data are part of a larger research project: Children’s cultural heritage – the visual voices of the archive and consists of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with youngsters 11 to 20 years. Drawing on Ingolds (2007) concepts lines and meshwork, the paper discusses how young people’s pictures are created, recreated, and used in various settings. When youngsters pictures are made part of archives, this usually means that a single picture of a motif is included. The present paper argues that if the aim of the archive is to say something about what it means to be young at a particular time, then archiving pictures as single visual expressions does tell us little about how it is to be young and how young people’s picture practices looks like. Furthermore, the idea of lines may help archives to display and document children as actors, not in the sense of creating single pictures, but as individuals on the move in and across different settings with various purposes.
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| 14. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:D1, s. D791-D797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and offers nearly 10 million such sequences for reference. These are clustered into similar to 2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to promote unambiguous referencing across studies. UNITE users have contributed over 600 000 third-party sequence annotations, which are shared with a range of databases and other community resources. Recent improvements facilitate the detection of cross-kingdom biological associations and the integration of undescribed groups of organisms into everyday biological pursuits. Serving as a digital twin for eukaryotic biodiversity and communities worldwide, the latest release of UNITE offers improved avenues for biodiversity discovery, precise taxonomic communication and integration of biological knowledge across platforms. Graphical Abstract
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| 15. |
- Abdullahi, Amina K., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating a School-Based Intervention on Adolescents' Ethnic-racial Identity in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding developmentally appropriate ways to support youth in understanding their own ethnic-racial identity is needed, particularly in contexts like Sweden where such support is not the norm. This preregistered longitudinal study examined whether an 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, impacted youth ethnic-racial identity exploration (participation and search), resolution, private regard, and centrality. Participants were 509 adolescents in the 10th grade (Mage = 16.28, SD = 0.80; 65% self-identified girls; 52% minoritized ethnic background), who were randomized into an intervention or wait-list control group and assessed at baseline and three times post-intervention. The findings indicated an initial and simultaneous effect of the intervention only for exploration participation and resolution but did not show the expected chain of effects with earlier exploration predicting later resolution. Growth models indicated a greater increase in exploration participation over time for the intervention group than the control group. The findings indicate a mixed picture about the effectiveness of the intervention, with effects primarily narrowly targeted to exploration participation, but nevertheless highlight the potential for supporting Swedish youth in engaging with their ethnic-racial identities.
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| 16. |
- Abdullahi, Amina K., et al.
(författare)
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Framing Ethnicity in Initial Teacher Education: A Focus Group Study with Student Teachers
- 2024
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Ingår i: IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore how student teachers experienced the framing of ethnicity in initial teacher education in Sweden. Ten focus group discussions were conducted (N = 42; 21% minoritized ethnic background). An inductive thematic analysis was used. The findings showed that ethnicity was framed as mainly concerning "others" and that it was framed as sensitive. The current framing of ethnicity suggests that initial teacher education does not prepare student teachers to support positive youth ethnic-racial identity development. The findings highlight a need for student teachers, and teacher educators, to explore their own ethnic-racial identities through critical discussions that challenge notions of ethnicity as something that concerns "others". Furthermore, the findings highlight student teachers' and teacher educators' needs for structured support in how to critically engage in "sensitive" discussions. Further, the results illustrate how the framing of ethnicity resonates with aspects of social identity theory and with the postcolonial concept "othering".
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Abedin, Raschid, et al.
(författare)
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Topological Lie Bialgebras, Manin Triples and Their Classification Over g[[x]]
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - 1432-0916 .- 0010-3616. ; 405:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main result of the paper is classification of topological Lie bialgebra structures on the Lie algebra g[[x]] , where g is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic 0. We introduce the notion of a topological Manin pair (L,g[[x]]) and present their classification by relating them to trace extensions of F[[x]] . Then we recall the classification of topological doubles of Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] and view it as a special case of the classification of Manin pairs. The classification of topological doubles states that up to an appropriate equivalence there are only three non-trivial doubles. It is proven that topological Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] are in bijection with certain Lagrangian Lie subalgebras of the corresponding doubles. We then attach algebro-geometric data to such Lagrangian subalgebras and, in this way, obtain a classification of all topological Lie bialgebra structures with non-trivial doubles. For F= C the classification becomes explicit. Furthermore, this result enables us to classify formal solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation.
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| 19. |
- Abele, Dace, et al.
(författare)
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Including the liver in the visceral allograft: Impact on donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies and long-term outcomes
- 2024
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Ingår i: HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 85:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humoral immunity emerges as a risk factor for graft failure after visceral transplantation (VTx) and development of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) has been linked with poor outcomes. In most cases, a simultaneous liver transplant can be safely performed in sensitized patients with DSA and appears protective against lymphocytotoxic antibodies. We investigated the incidence of acute (AR) and chronic rejection (CR) in 32 VTx without any B cell-depleting pre-treatment (6 isolated intestinal transplants (IT) and 26 liver-containing, multivisceral transplants (MVT) and assessed the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) pre- and posttransplantation. Twenty-one patients (65 %) developed AR, 15 (57 %) of the MVT and 6 (100 %) of the IT (p = 0.05). CR occurred in 4 IT (60 %, p < 0.001). At one month, de novo DSA were present in 71 % of VTx (66 % MVT vs 100 % IT, p = 0.09). At the last available follow-up, 69 % of the MVT and 50 % of the IT patients were DSA-free. De novo DSA seemed more persistent (7/19, 37 %) than pre-Tx DSA (1/6, 17 %; p = n.s.), de novo DSA were more frequently specific for HLA class II than class I, 16/19 (84 %) vs. 7/19 (37 %; p = 0.003), and HLA-DQ was their most frequent target HLA. DQ mismatches appeared to be a risk factor for developing de novo DSA. In conclusion, liver-containing visceral allografts have superior shortand long-term outcomes compared with liver-free allografts. De novo DSA develop early and frequently after VTx performed without B cell-depleting induction therapy, but the exact role of DSA in the pathogenesis of rejection remains unclear.
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| 20. |
- Abelin, Åsa, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Onomatopoeia in contact languages – similarities and differences between Meänkieli, Swedish, Finnish, Kven and Sami
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings from FONETIK 2024, Stockholm, June 3–5, 2024, 179–184. Stockholm, Sweden..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has not been much research on change of onomatopoeia in contact lan- guages. The main question is what hap- pens to onomatopoeic phonological structures when two or more languages with different structures meet and influ- ence each other. What sounds onomato- poeic in one language may not do so in another language. A minority language of northern Sweden, Meänkieli, which is closely related to Finnish, spoken in par- allel with Swedish since the 14th cen- tury, is analysed. Other languages stud- ied are North Sami, spoken in the same area, and Kven, spoken in Norway, and Finnish. The methodology consists of lexicon excerption and phonological analysis. The results show that Meänkieli uses initial consonant clusters, which are similar to, but not identical with, those of Swedish, in contrast with standard Finnish which uses no initial consonant clusters in onomatopoeic words. How- ever, onomatopoeia in Meänkieli also shows similarities with south-western Finnish dialects in Finland, which use initial consonant clusters.
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| 21. |
- Abelsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The dilemma of the split between theory and reality as experienced by primary healthcare professionals: a mixed methods study of evidence-based practice in a primary care context
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC PRIMARY CARE. - 2731-4553. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrimary care depends upon a good information flow across professional and structural boundaries to provide the best care for patients. Previous research has mainly focused on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) within specific professions. Mapping of pan-professional experiences of and attitudes to EBP in publicly funded clinical practice is necessary to deepen the understanding of EBP and its implementation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate healthcare professionals' experiences of and attitudes towards working in accordance with EBP in primary care.MethodsThe study used a convergent mixed methods design divided into two strands: a quantitative enquiry tool (Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale, EBPAS) and a set of qualitative interviews analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Both strands included all primary care employees with patient interaction in the studied county (n = 625), including doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists and assistant nurses. Out of the original 625 healthcare professionals, 191 finished the first strand and 8 volunteered for the second strand (2 nurses, 2 physiotherapists, 1 psychiatrist and 3 doctors).ResultsThe EBPAS value of 2.8 (max 4) indicated a generally positive attitude towards EBP amongst the population, which was also evident in the interviews. However, there were additional experiences of not having the ability or resources to engage in EBP. This was illustrated by the theme that emerged from the qualitative content analysis: "The dilemma of the split between theory and reality". Due to the organisational and managerial focus on efficiency rather than quality of care, there were few or no incentives for promoting individual educational or research development.ConclusionsAlthough the general attitude towards EBP is positive, experiences of practising it differ. There is a need to increase knowledge of EBP concepts, requirements and implementation in the clinical setting. The absence of opportunities to do research and collegial debate about new ways of finding and implementing research-based evidence results might influence the quality of care.
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| 22. |
- Aberšek, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta marked by elevated amniotic fluid interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X. - 2590-1613 .- 1872-7654. ; 296, s. 292-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to determine the occurrence of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta, marked by elevated levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (≥2200pg/mL) in the amniotic fluid of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Specifically, the study investigated whether these intra-amniotic inflammatory changes were more common in women with microbial invasion of amniotic cavity (MIAC) and intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), as indicated by increased amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentration (≥3000pg/mL).A cohort of 114 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between 24+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation were included. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained via amniocentesis upon admission. MIAC diagnosis involved aerobic and anaerobic cultures, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the amniotic fluid. Immunoassay tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine IL-6 and IP-10 concentrations, respectively.Among the participants, 19.3% and 15.8% had MIAC and IAI, respectively. The occurrence of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta was similar between women with and without MIAC (25% vs. 40.9%, p=0.136, adjusted p=0.213). The rate of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta was significantly higher in women with IAI compared to those without, after adjusting for gestational age at sampling (55.6% vs. 22.9%, p=0.005, adjusted p=0.011).This study revealed comparable rates of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta in women with and without MIAC, but a higher prevalence of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta in women with IAI. These findings suggest involvement of chronic inflammation even in women with PPROM with acute intra-amniotic inflammation.
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| 23. |
- Abou-Taouk, Hiba, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Leka på flera språk: Att stötta flerspråkigt deltagande i förskolan
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordisk Barnehageforskning. - 1890-9167. ; 21:3, s. 205-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna studie syftar till att undersöka användningen av flera språk i narrativ lek och hur förskolläraren stöttar flerspråkiga barns deltagande i dessa aktiviteter. Gemensamma lekar har videoobserverats och analyserats med interaktionsanalys. Resultatet indikerar att deltagarna använder flera namngivna språk för att kommunicera om lekens regler och innehåll, i metakommunikation om språkanvändning under leken samt i sammanhang relaterade till högtider och populärkultur. Studien belyser hur ett transspråkande arbetssätt kan tillämpas genom att förskolläraren legitimerar användning av flera språk, triggar barns berättande på flera språk och metakommunicerar om språk i leken. Genom att framhäva vikten av transspråkande lekaktiviteter och erkänna flerspråkighet som en resurs bidrar studien till förståelsen av hur förskollärare kan stötta språkutveckling i en flerspråkig förskolemiljö.
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| 24. |
- Abraham, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of a digital health technology for older nursing home residents. A de-novo cost-effectiveness model for digital health technologies to aid in the assessment of toileting and containment care needs
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was first, to introduce a comprehensive, de-novo health economic (HE) model incorporating the full range of activities involved in toileting and containment care (T&CC) for people with incontinence, capturing all the potential benefits and costs of existing and future Digital Health Technologies (DHT) aimed at improving continence care, for both residential care and home care. Second, to use this novel model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the DHT TENA SmartCare Identifi in the implementation of person-centred continence care (PCCC), compared with conventional continence care for Canadian nursing home residents. The de-novo HE model was designed to evaluate technologies across different care settings from the perspective of several stakeholders. Health states were based on six care need profiles with increasing need for toileting assistance, three care stages with varying degrees of toileting success, and five levels of skin health. The main outcomes were incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years. The effectiveness of the TENA SmartCare Identifi was based primarily on trial data combined with literature and expert opinion where necessary. Costs were reported in CAD 2020. After 2 years, 21% of residents in the DHT group received mainly toileting as their continence care strategy compared with 12% in the conventional care group. Conversely, with the DHT 15% of residents rely mainly on absorbent products for incontinence care, compared with 40% with conventional care. On average, residents lived for 2.34 years, during which the DHT resulted in a small gain in quality-adjusted life years of 0.015 and overall cost-savings of $1,467 per resident compared with conventional care. Most cost-savings were achieved through reduced costs for absorbent products. Since most, if not all, stakeholders gain from use of the DHT-assisted PCCC, widespread use in Canadian residential care facilities should be considered, and similar assessments for other countries encouraged.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Abrahamson, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of former elite ice hockey players requiring early hip arthroplasty surgery
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery (JHPS). - : Oxford Univ Press. - 2054-8397.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high-impact nature of ice hockey puts the players at a higher risk of developing early hip osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to evaluate the presence of cam morphology, early radiological findings of OA and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in former Swedish elite ice hockey players. Male elite ice hockey players in the highest league in Sweden seeking orthopedic consultation for hip and groin pain with restricted hip joint range of motion and subsequent radiographs (Antero/posterior view, Lauenstein view and/or Hip frontal view) were included. The radiographs were performed between 1988 and 2009 and retrospectively examined for the presence of cam morphology (evaluated by alpha-angle >= 60 degrees) and hip OA (evaluated by Tonnis classification). All players were contacted between 11 and 33 years after baseline radiograph examination for follow-up investigation of the presence of subsequent THA. A total of 44 male ice hockey players were included, of which 31 had available radiographs and 39 answered the follow-up questions. Cam morphology (alpha-angle >= 60 degrees) was present in 81% of the players. Seven players (18%) had received a THA with a mean age of 55.7 (SD 6.1) years at time of THA-surgery. Tonnis score at baseline radiographs were associated with THA later in life (P < 0.001). This study conclude that former elite Swedish ice hockey players underwent THA at a younger age than the general population. Despite confirming previous research of high prevalence of cam morphology in elite ice hockey players, no association could be established between cam morphology and the need for THA.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Abrahao, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Architecting of Complex Software Systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE SOFTWARE. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 41:3, s. 76-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This edition of the "Practitioners' Digest" covers recent papers on novel approaches and tools to assist developers in modeling and architecting software systems from two conferences: the 26th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS) and the 20th IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA). Feedback or suggestions are welcome. Also, if you try or adopt any of the practices included in the column, please send us and the authors of the paper(s) a note about your experiences.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Abrego, Nerea, et al.
(författare)
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Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 631, s. 835-842
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions1,2. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores3. The vast majority of operational taxonomic units were detected within only one climatic zone, and the spatiotemporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating for only a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with a microbial lifestyle follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macroorganisms4,5.
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| 31. |
- Abrhámová, Kateřina, et al.
(författare)
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Truncating the spliceosomal 'rope protein' Prp45 results in Htz1 dependent phenotypes.
- 2024
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Ingår i: RNA Biology. - 1547-6286 .- 1555-8584. ; 21:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spliceosome assembly contributes an important but incompletely understood aspect of splicing regulation. Prp45 is a yeast splicing factor which runs as an extended fold through the spliceosome, and which may be important for bringing its components together. We performed a whole genome analysis of the genetic interaction network of the truncated allele of PRP45 (prp45(1-169)) using synthetic genetic array technology and found chromatin remodellers and modifiers as an enriched category. In agreement with related studies, H2A.Z-encoding HTZ1, and the components of SWR1, INO80, and SAGA complexes represented prominent interactors, with htz1 conferring the strongest growth defect. Because the truncation of Prp45 disproportionately affected low copy number transcripts of intron-containing genes, we prepared strains carrying intronless versions of SRB2, VPS75, or HRB1, the most affected cases with transcription-related function. Intron removal from SRB2, but not from the other genes, partly repaired some but not all the growth phenotypes identified in the genetic screen. The interaction of prp45(1-169) and htz1Δ was detectable even in cells with SRB2 intron deleted (srb2Δi). The less truncated variant, prp45(1-330), had a synthetic growth defect with htz1Δ at 16°C, which also persisted in the srb2Δi background. Moreover, htz1Δ enhanced prp45(1-330) dependent pre-mRNA hyper-accumulation of both high and low efficiency splicers, genes ECM33 and COF1, respectively. We conclude that while the expression defects of low expression intron-containing genes contribute to the genetic interactome of prp45(1-169), the genetic interactions between prp45 and htz1 alleles demonstrate the sensitivity of spliceosome assembly, delayed in prp45(1-169), to the chromatin environment.
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| 32. |
- Absell, Christopher David, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking the ties that bind: Metropolitan dependence and export growth in the poor periphery, 1950-90
- 2024
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Ingår i: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. - 0954-349X. ; 68, s. 281-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decolonisation was one of the most important institutional transformations of the twentieth century. Recent work on the effect of decolonisation on bilateral trade has suggested that trade with the ex-metropolis declined significantly after independence. Due to problems related to data quality and coverage, however, there is still no consensus on whether the reduction of colonial dependence encouraged or impeded export growth. In this paper, we argue that metropolitan trade shares proxy for colonial monopsony. Using a new database of exports at constant prices for 131 countries and mean group estimators that control for a range of confounding factors, we find that trade shares with the metropole are negatively associated with export growth, with important differences across metropolitan nationalities and locations. We argue that the significance of the erosion of colonial trade ties for export growth following independence was contingent on the interaction of policy and location during the colonial period.
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| 33. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 risk perception and food security in the MENA region: evidence from a multi-wave household survey
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Nature. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 16, s. 989-1008
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic had disruptive consequences for MENA countries’ agri-food value chains that exacerbated poverty and jeopardized food security. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ perception of contracting COVID-19 and their experience of food insecurity, using longitudinal data from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household survey. It also investigates the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 concerns and explores coping strategies employed by households to identify vulnerabilities in food security. The results provide compelling evidence of a strong association between individuals’ concern about the virus and various dimensions of food security, particularly reduced purchasing power and decreased meal frequency. Notably, this association follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with food insecurity initially increasing as worry grows, but declining after individuals contract the virus. High levels of concern were also linked to significant income decreases and worsening economic conditions. Moreover, individuals with higher concerns were more likely to rely on specific coping strategies, particularly spending savings and obtaining funds from relatives or friends. These findings underscore the need for government interventions during disease outbreaks and economic downturns to focus on alleviating individuals’ worry and fear to facilitate informed decision-making that minimizes food insecurity consequences. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen social protection systems during public health and economic challenges to ensure food security for vulnerable populations.
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| 34. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel model of artificial intelligence based automated image analysis of CT urography to identify bladder cancer in patients investigated for macroscopic hematuria
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journal Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 59, s. 90-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) based automatic image analysis utilising convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to evaluate computed tomography urography (CTU) for the presence of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in patients with macroscopic hematuria. METHODS: Our study included patients who had undergone evaluation for macroscopic hematuria. A CNN-based AI model was trained and validated on the CTUs included in the study on a dedicated research platform (Recomia.org). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the performance of the AI model. Cystoscopy findings were used as the reference method. RESULTS: The training cohort comprised a total of 530 patients. Following the optimisation process, we developed the last version of our AI model. Subsequently, we utilised the model in the validation cohort which included an additional 400 patients (including 239 patients with UBC). The AI model had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.76-0.89), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.84), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). The majority of tumours in the false negative group (n = 24) were solitary (67%) and smaller than 1 cm (50%), with the majority of patients having cTaG1-2 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: We developed and tested an AI model for automatic image analysis of CTUs to detect UBC in patients with macroscopic hematuria. This model showed promising results with a high detection rate and excessive NPV. Further developments could lead to a decreased need for invasive investigations and prioritising patients with serious tumours.
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| 35. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic value of repeated comprehensive investigation with CT urography and cystoscopy for recurrent macroscopic haematuria
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BJUI Compass. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2688-4526. ; 5:2, s. 253-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria.Methods: All patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A descriptive analysis of the primary and later investigations for recurrent macroscopic haematuria was performed. To investigate the association between explanatory variables and the occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria, a Poisson regression analysis was performed.Results: A total of 1395 eligible individuals with primary standard investigation negative for UBC and UTUC were included. During a median follow-up of 6.2 (IQR 5.3-7) years, 248 (18%) patients had recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom six patients were diagnosed with UBC, two with prostate cancer, one with renal cell carcinoma and one had a suspected UTUC at the repeated investigation. Within 3 years, 148 patients (11%) experienced recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom two patients were diagnosed with low-grade UBC (TaG1-2), one with T2G3 UBC and one with low-risk prostate cancer. The presence of an indwelling catheter, use of antithrombotic medication, pathological findings at CTU or cystoscopy or history of pelvic radiotherapy were all statistically significant independent predictors for increased risk for recurrent macroscopic haematuria.Conclusion: In the case of recurrent macroscopic haematuria within 3 years of primary standard evaluation for urinary tract cancer, there was a low risk of later urological malignancies in patients initially negative for UBC and UTUC. Therefore, waiting 3 years before conducting another complete investigation in cases of recurrent macroscopic haematuria might be appropriate.
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| 36. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
-
Shortened time to diagnosis for patients suspected of urinary bladder cancer managed in a standardized care pathway was associated with an improvement in tumour characteristics
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BJUI COMPASS. - : WILEY. - 2688-4526. ; 5:2, s. 261-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate whether the implementation of standardized care pathway (SCP) for patients with suspected urinary bladder cancer (UBC) was associated with changes in tumour characteristics. Additionally, the study aims to explore whether there was a shift in the selection of patients prioritized for immediate evaluation regarding suspicion of UBC.Materials and Methods The study included all patients diagnosed with UBC in the NU Hospital Group between 2010 and 2019. To evaluate changes associated with SCP, patients were divided into two diagnostic time periods, either before (2010-2015) or during (2016-2019) the implementation of the SCP. To evaluate which patients were prioritized for prompt evaluation within 13 days, logistic regression analysis was performed on all patients before and during SCP.Results Median time to transurethral resection of the tumour in urinary bladder (TURBT) decreased from 29 days (interquartile range [IQR] 16-48) before SCP to 12 days (IQR 8-19) during SCP (p < 0.001) with a clear break from 2016. The proportion of cT2 + tumours decreased during SCP from 26% to 20% (p = 0.035). In addition, tumours detected during SCP were smaller (p = 0.023), but with more multiple lesions (p = 0.055) and G3 tumours (p = 0.007). During SCP, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups of patients with TURBT within or after 13 days. In contrast, before SCP, a majority of the patients treated within 13 days had advanced tumours and were admitted from the emergency ward.Conclusions The implementation of an SCP for suspected UBC was associated with improved tumour characteristics. Interestingly, during SCP, there were no substantial differences in patients' or tumours' characteristics among those who underwent TURBT within or after 13 days. This indicates that the 13-day timeframe for TURBT might be prolonged, especially in less urgent cases in order to facilitate a prioritization of more severe cases with treatable disease.
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| 37. |
- Abuloha, Sumaya, et al.
(författare)
-
A Review of the Cost-Effectiveness Evidence for FDA-Approved Cell and Gene Therapies.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Human Gene Therapy. - 1043-0342. ; 35:11-12, s. 365-373
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell and gene therapy innovations have provided several significant breakthroughs in recent years. However, cell and gene therapies often come with a high upfront cost, raising questions about patient access, affordability, and long-term value. This study reviewed cost-effectiveness analysis studies that have attempted to assess the long-term value of FDA-approved cell and gene therapies. Two reviewers independently searched the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry to identify all studies for FDA-approved cell and gene therapies per January 2023. A data extraction template was used to summarize the evidence in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio expressed as the cost per Quality-Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) and essential modeling assumptions, combined with a template to extract the adherence to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. The review identified 26 CEA studies for seven cell and gene therapies. Around half of the base-case cost-effectiveness results indicated that the cost per QALY was below $100,000-$150,000, often used as a threshold for reasonable cost-effectiveness in the US. However, the results varied substantially across studies for the same treatment, ranging from being considered very cost-effective to far from cost-effective. Most models were based on data from single-arm trials with relatively short follow-ups, and different long-term extrapolations between studies caused large differences in the modeled cost-effectiveness results. In sum, this review showed that despite the high upfront costs, many cell and gene therapies have cost-effectiveness evidence that can support long-term value. Nonetheless, substantial uncertainty regarding long-term value exists because so much of the modeling results are driven by uncertain extrapolations beyond the clinical trial data.
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| 38. |
- Abzhandadze, Tamar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Sick leave oneyear after COVID-19 infection: a nationwide cohort study during the first wave in Sweden.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific reports. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the patterns of sick leave, as well as factors associated with sick leave due to COVID-19 during one year after the COVID-19 diagnosis, and sex-related aspects on sick leave. This nationwide study involved 11,902 individuals who received sickness benefits for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Data from three Swedish registries were analyzed for sick leave that commenced between March 1 and August 31, 2020, with a follow-up period of 12months. Sick leave due to COVID-19 was counted as the number of days with sickness benefits and required to include at least one registered COVID-19 diagnosis. The median duration of sick leave was 35days, and 347 (2.9%) individuals continued their sick leave during the entire follow-up period. Furthermore, 1year later, the cumulative incidence of sick leave was slightly higher in males (3.5%) compared to females (2.7%). Older age, being single with no children, diagnosed with the virus, medium income level, history of sick leave, and need for inpatient care were significantly associated with a higher duration of sick leave due to COVID-19, both in the total population and when stratified by sex. These results indicated that three out of 100 (3%) patients were still on sick leave 1year after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Aspects regarding the importance of sick leave duration differed between males and females and comprised sociodemographic characteristics and need for inpatient care. The results indicated the complexity of sick leave due to COVID-19.
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| 39. |
- Achiri, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating the legal liminalities of a de facto state: Migrant precarity and placeholder identity papers in Northern Cyprus
- 2024
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Ingår i: Migration Studies. - 2049-5838 .- 2049-5846. ; 12:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the contested legal–political dynamics around forced migration flows to and through an unrecognized state: the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). We adopt an analytical perspective drawn from the literature on performative politics and the legal anthropology of documents to explore how migration dynamics interact with the contested legal status of the TRNC. Our two main questions are: What practical shape do the human rights of refugees and asylum seekers take in an interstitial legal space, where the foundation of law is itself subject to ambiguity, suspension, and contestation? And what implications—opportunities and hazards—does this constellation have for refugees and asylum-seekers? Drawing on interviews, lived experience and fieldwork observations, we make two arguments. First, we contend that the interstitial status of the TRNC represents both an opportunity for refugees and a threat. Secondly, we argue that a purely legal or technical understanding of legal identity and concurrent rights is inadequate; we must subject these phenomena to a politically informed analysis of the everyday practices through which legal norms and spaces are continuously shaped and reshaped.
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| 40. |
-
Acta Poloniae Historica, Special Journal Issue, Volume 129: "Languages of Power and Elite Legitimisation in Poland and Norway, 1000–1300"
- 2024
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this special issue, we argue that the key to understanding the means and dynamics of political order in the peripheral polities during the era of Europeanization (1000–1300) lies in exploring the practices of (self-)legitimisation by the peripheral elites in Poland and Norway. The special issue proposes a novel agenda-setting theoretical and methodological framework for how medievalists can study elite legitimation and relations between core European and peripheral polities from a comparative perspective.
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| 41. |
- Acuña Mora, Mariela, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Taking Charge of Your Health : Enabling Patient Empowerment in Cardiovascular Care
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines and consensus in cardiovascular care in recent years have called for patients to be more involved in their care, which can be achieved by becoming more empowered. Yet, there is little clarity on how healthcare professionals can help the patients achieve this goal. The present paper defines patient empowerment, its benefits and the different strategies that can be used in healthcare to empower them. Moreover, potential barriers in the empowering process are also discussed.
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| 42. |
- Adame, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ECOSPHERE. - 2150-8925. ; 15:3
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves are one of the most carbon-dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, and their limitations. We also synthesize and compare mangrove net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with terrestrial forests. Finally, we update global estimates of carbon fluxes with the most current values of fluxes and global mangrove area. We found that the contributions of recently investigated fluxes, such as soil respiration as CH4, are minor (<1 Tg C year(-1)), while the contributions of deadwood accumulation, herbivory, and lateral export are significant (>35 Tg C year(-1)). Dissolved inorganic carbon exports are an order of magnitude higher than the other processes investigated and were highly variable, highlighting the need for further studies. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) per area of mangroves were within the same order of magnitude as terrestrial forests. However, ER/GPP was lower in mangroves, explaining their higher carbon sequestration. We estimate the global mean mangrove NEP of 109.1 Tg C year(-1) (7.4 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) or through a budget balance, accounting for lateral losses, a global mean of 66.6 Tg C year(-1) (4.5 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)). Overall, mangroves are highly productive, and despite losses due to respiration and tidal exchange, they are significant carbon sinks.
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| 43. |
- Adermark, Louise, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Astrocytic Regulation of Endocannabinoid-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Dorsolateral Striatum
- 2024
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Astrocytes are pivotal for synaptic transmission and may also play a role in the induction and expression of synaptic plasticity, including endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD). In the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), eCB signaling plays a major role in balancing excitation and inhibition and promoting habitual learning. The aim of this study was to outline the role of astrocytes in regulating eCB signaling in the DLS. To this end, we employed electrophysiological slice recordings combined with metabolic, chemogenetic and pharmacological approaches in an attempt to selectively suppress astrocyte function. High-frequency stimulation induced eCB-mediated LTD (HFS-LTD) in brain slices from both male and female rats. The metabolic uncoupler fluorocitrate (FC) reduced the probability of transmitter release and depressed synaptic output in a manner that was independent on cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) activation. Fluorocitrate did not affect the LTD induced by the CB1R agonist WIN55,212-2, but enhanced CB1R-dependent HFS-LTD. Reduced neurotransmission and facilitated HFS-LTD were also observed during chemogenetic manipulation using Gi-coupled DREADDs targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells, during the pharmacological inhibition of connexins using carbenoxolone disodium, or during astrocytic glutamate uptake using TFB-TBOA. While pretreatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) failed to prevent synaptic depression induced by FC, it blocked the facilitation of HFS-LTD. While the lack of tools to disentangle astrocytes from neurons is a major limitation of this study, our data collectively support a role for astrocytes in modulating basal neurotransmission and eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Adjei, Nicholas Kofi, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of poverty and adversity on perceived family support in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional support from family members may have an important effect on adolescent health outcomes, and has been identified as a target for policy to protect against the impacts of poverty and other early life adversities. However, few studies have assessed the extent to which poverty and adversity themselves influence the nature of emotional support that parents can provide to adolescents. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the impact of trajectories of income poverty and family adversities, including parental mental ill health, alcohol misuse and domestic violence across childhood developmental stages on young people's relationships with their families and perceived emotional support received. We analysed longitudinal data on 10,976 children from the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort study. Exposure trajectories of poverty and family adversities were characterised using group-based multi-trajectory models (age 9 months-14 years). The outcomes were perceived emotional support and quality of family relationships, measured by the three-item Short Social Provisions Scale (SPS-3) and levels of parent-adolescent closeness and conflict, measured at age 14. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. At age 14, the overall prevalence of low perceived emotional support was 13% (95% CI: 12, 14). Children of mothers with lower socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to report low emotional support, with a clear social gradient (education-degree plus: 10.3% vs. no qualifications: 15.4%). Compared with children exposed to low levels of poverty and adversity, children in the persistent adversity trajectory groups experienced higher odds of low emotional support and low-quality parent-adolescent relationship; those exposed to both persistent poverty and poor parental mental health were particularly at increased risk of experiencing poor family relationships and low perceived emotional support (adjusted odds ratio 2 center dot 2; 95% CI 1 center dot 7-2 center dot 9). Low perceived emotional support and poor family relationships in adolescence are more prevalent among socially disadvantaged children and adolescents and those experiencing social adversity. Policies to improve levels of family support for UK adolescents should focus on improving modifiable determinants such as child poverty and family mental health.
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| 46. |
- Adler, Jeremy, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane topography and the overestimation of protein clustering in single molecule localisation microscopy - identification and correction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3642. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to single-molecule localisation microscopy almost all plasma membrane proteins are clustered. We demonstrate that clusters can arise from variations in membrane topography where the local density of a randomly distributed membrane molecule to a degree matches the variations in the local amount of membrane. Further, we demonstrate that this false clustering can be differentiated from genuine clustering by using a membrane marker to report on local variations in the amount of membrane. In dual colour live cell single molecule localisation microscopy using the membrane probe DiI alongside either the transferrin receptor or the GPI-anchored protein CD59, we found that pair correlation analysis reported both proteins and DiI as being clustered, as did its derivative pair correlation-photoactivation localisation microscopy and nearest neighbour analyses. After converting the localisations into images and using the DiI image to factor out topography variations, no CD59 clusters were visible, suggesting that the clustering reported by the other methods is an artefact. However, the TfR clusters persisted after topography variations were factored out. We demonstrate that membrane topography variations can make membrane molecules appear clustered and present a straightforward remedy suitable as the first step in the cluster analysis pipeline. Variations in membrane topography can lead to the overestimation of protein clustering which can be avoided using a second image of a membrane marker, demonstrated with simulations and live cell SMLM.
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| 47. |
- Adolfsson, Peter, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. - : Diabetes Technology Society. - 1932-2968.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This narrative review assesses the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in managing persons with type 1 diabetes (PWD) in the pediatric population. It outlines current research, the differences between various AID systems currently on the market and the challenges faced, and discusses potential opportunities for further advancements within this field. Furthermore, the narrative review includes various expert opinions on how different AID systems can be used in the event of challenges with rapidly changing insulin requirements. These include examples, such as during illness with increased or decreased insulin requirements and during physical activity of different intensities or durations. Case descriptions give examples of scenarios with added user-initiated actions depending on the type of AID system used. The authors also discuss how another AID system could have been used in these situations.
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| 48. |
- Adra, Jamila, et al.
(författare)
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Blood biomarkers for neuroaxonal injury and astrocytic activation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACTA ONCOLOGICA. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 63, s. 636-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a troublesome side effect in patients exposed to taxanes in the treatment of cancer and may affect quality of life dramatically. Here we assessed whether serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and tau (two neuroaxonal injury biomarkers) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a biomarker for astrocytic activation) correlate with the development of CIPN in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer. Materials and methods: Using ultrasensitive single molecule array technology, serum levels of NfL, GFAP, and tau were measured before and every 3 weeks in 10 women receiving adjuvant EC (epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) every 3 weeks x 3, followed by weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/ m2 x 9-12 weeks after surgery due to early breast cancer. CIPN was graded according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0) and the questionnaire EORTC QLQ CIPN-20. Results: Serum levels of GFAP increased successively during cycles of EC. NfL increased instead in response to the treatment of paclitaxel. NfL and GFAP continued to rise throughout exposure of cumulatively higher doses of paclitaxel and were reduced 3 months after the end of chemotherapy. Serums levels of tau were marginally affected by exposure to chemotherapy. Women with worse symptoms of CIPN had higher concentrations of NfL than women with mild symptoms of CIPN. Interpretation: NfL and GFAP are promising biomarkers to identify women at risk of developing CIPN. Larger prospective studies are now needed.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Afshari, Bahareh, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Abstract Cyclic Proofs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Mathematical Structures in Computer Science. - 0960-1295 .- 1469-8072.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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