| 31. |
- André, Hampus, 1989
(författare)
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Assessing Mineral Resource Scarcity in a Circular Economy Context
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to humanity’s dependence on metal resources there are growing concerns regarding impacts related to their potential scarcity, both for current and future generations. The vision of a more circular economy suggests that extending the functional use of metals through measures aiming for resource-efficiency (RE) such as increasing technical lifetime, repairing and recycling could reduce mineral resource scarcity. However, evidence of this is limited. In addition, there is limited understanding regarding on what principles metals can be prioritized when assessing mineral resource scarcity. The aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge on mineral resource scarcity impacts of RE measures applied to metal-diverse products and on which conditions they depend. This is achieved by: 1) studying RE measures from a life cycle perspective; 2) comparing principles of prioritization between metals on which mineral resource scarcity impacts are assessed and 3) analysing how such principles (of prioritization) can affect conclusions regarding RE measures applied to metal-diverse products. The research is conducted through case studies, syntheses of literature and method development within the methodologies of life cycle assessment, material flow analysis and criticality assessment. Results indicate that effects of RE measures depend on a number of product characteristics and real-world conditions. RE measures can both increase and decrease mineral resource scarcity impacts compared to business as usual and effects vary greatly between metals. RE measures based on use extension e.g. reuse of laptops, repair of smartphones, and increasing technical lifetimes of LED lighting, have been indicated to reduce impacts through two principal features: use extension, and, increased functional recycling. However, there are risks of increasing mineral resource scarcity impacts if RE measures require additional metal use, product use extensions are short and if functional recycling is lacking. For example, repair of smartphones risks to increase the use of metals in commonly replaced components such as screens. Because of the varying effects on different metals, implementation of RE measures requires prioritizing some metals over others. The principles of prioritization give diverging results, and, are sometimes unclear and methodologically inconsistent. The thesis clarifies how they relate to concepts such as depletion, criticality, rarity and scarcity. Further it suggests that, although mineral resources are fundamentally stock resources, they can pose stock, fund and flow problems. Distinguishing between these different problems in distinct methodologies is conducive to purposive and complementary assessment by resolving methodological inconsistencies and providing accurate terminology. In the long term, scarcity is most purposively addressed by focusing on depletion of ecospheric stocks. Accordingly, the Crustal Scarcity Indicator is proposed to assess potential long term scarcity in life cycle assessment, alongside other environmental impacts. In the near term, potential scarcity for nations, industries and companies, as commonly assessed in criticality assessment, is most purposively addressed by focusing on technospheric circumstances, such as geopolitics, which can disrupt technospheric resource flows. In medium term, secondary resources in technospheric funds could be relevant, especially, with the advent of a more circular economy. Altogether, it is recommended that implementation of RE measures to metal-diverse products are based on analysis of product characteristics and real-world conditions and that effects of RE measures are assessed by methodologies which distinguish between mineral resource flows, funds and stocks so that well-informed prioritizations between metals can be made.
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| 32. |
- af Hällström, Anna, 1987
(författare)
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If you want to go far, go with others – How using a collaborative project delivery model affects the project network in infrastructure construction projects
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth of projects has elicited much interest in the last decades, both in academia and amongst practitioners. The increase in scale and complexity has further brought attention to the particulars of interorganisational collaboration: as projects grow, the relevance and impact of interdependencies between participating organisations rise to the surface. No organisation is an island and so a project becomes an archipelago of interconnected networks. Current literature on interorganisational collaboration focuses on contract and procurement, both important aspects of project management. There is, however, less research pertaining to project realisation and how these changes in interorganisational collaboration shape the project process. A field where this change has been especially noticeable is the infrastructure construction industry, where collaborative project management models have been introduced to reduce adversity and improve project outcomes. These new models necessitate a study of changes these new models bring with them to the conventional ways of work within the field, as they call for new processes and roles in the projects, thus changing how the actors engage with the project network. As such models are based on collaboration, the role of social ties within the project become an especially interesting question. In this work, I expand on the theory pertaining to project networks in the empirical setting of infrastructure projects applying a collaborative project management model, with the aim of examining and gaining a deeper understanding of the collaboration between interorganisational project actors in a collaborative project delivery model. The methods used in this thesis are based in the qualitative research tradition and emphasise interviewing and observation. During this work, 44 interviews were completed in a pre-study and two case projects and observation of both project’s shared office space was carried out. I also analysed project documents and analysed the social network between respondents in the case projects. My results show the importance of social relations as enablers of the realisation of expected benefits of collaborative models. They moreover illustrate the changes necessary for the models to be effective, as well as study how the use of such project models affect the actors’ engagement in the project network.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Huzzard, Tony, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Being branded by the business school
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Corporatization of the Business School: Minerva Meets the Market. - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. : Routledge. - 9781315640594 - 9781317277484 - 9781138191143 ; , s. 128-145
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the relatively neglected domain of branding and the academic labour process, in particular in business schools. It is increasingly accepted that brands are not only marketing tools, they also potentially instruct and direct organizational members. In other words, branding is a means by which managers or leaders can exert control in the labour process through targeting employee subjectivities. Employer branding entails the alignment of employees, typically in service occupations, with how they profile themselves outwards to customers. Successful image management and branding tends to interact with identity. Kärreman and Rylander argues that branding activities can more fruitfully be seen as the management of meaning rather than as benign marketing tools. Professional labour in academia is both simultaneously consuming the brand and producing it. Accordingly, much of the performance of academic labour can be understood as branding work, that is, doing things to market the business school or university brand to an external audience.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Large firm acquisitions, spin-offs and links in the development of regional clusters of technology-intensive SMEs
- 2000
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Ingår i: High-technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe. - : Routledge. - 9781138731608 ; , s. 156-181
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses on technology-related ownership changes between large and small high-technology firms. These include the spin-off of new Small and Medium Sized Enterprise (SME) from large firms, intermediate links between large and small firms, and large firm acquisition of technology-intensive SMEs. The chapter analyses patterns of large firm-small firm linkages, collaboration and ownership changes in the 10 European regions studied by the network. It argues that the entrepreneurial spin-offs concept is subdivided with respect to the latest employer: 'main incubator' or 'spin-off parent'. The chapter describes the interaction between large and small technology-intensive European firms. Empirical evidence from research by members of the Targeted Socio-Economic Research European network will be used to consider the questions. The questions are related to concepts like high-technology regions and industries; local technology-intensive SMEs; and a link between regional high-technology clusters and networks.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Johnn, 1983
(författare)
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Shape it until you make it: A conceptual foundation for efforts to analyze and shape technological innovation
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- These are times of accelerating climate change and mass extinction of species on planet Earth. We are in the midst of an ecological crisis that will have profound consequences for human society and its natural environment. While the conditions for life have changed abruptly in the past, the current situation is characterized by the increasing power of a single species. Human beings are not only to blame for the unsustainable practices that brought us here, but also capable of harnessing their combined ingenuity to develop technology that may reduce environmental impacts and provide additional benefits for society. At the same time, the answer to the ecological crisis and other grand challenges is not found in the blind expansion of new technologies. Our success in accomplishing social and environmental objectives rather depends on how, where and when innovation influences patterns of production and consumption. This calls into question the focus of academics and policymakers on stimulating technological innovation. And it highlights the need for analytical tools that can be used to explore how policymakers and other actors may shape the direction of change. The research presented in this thesis therefore aims to develop a conceptual foundation for analyzing and shaping technological innovation. This effort draws on three qualitative case studies that investigate emerging renewable energy technologies from a Swedish perspective. The thesis is situated in the sustainability transitions research community and takes the literature on technological innovation systems as a theoretical point of departure. However, the research adopts a critical perspective and gradually departs from the core concepts used in this literature, over the course of a learning process that unfolds in five appended research papers. In the end, the thesis proposes the technological systems framework as a set of concepts that offers a multidimensional perspective on the dynamics and outcomes of technological innovation. It also presents empirical findings that demonstrate different development trajectories, reveal some of their underlying dynamics and highlight policy implications. This will hopefully contribute to an ongoing shift in academia and politics – from stimulating the expansion of new technologies, to shaping the direction of change.
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| 39. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Tapping into western technologies by Chinese multinationals: Geely's purchase of Volvo Cars and Huawei hiring of Ericsson employees in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Innovation spaces in Asia entrepreneurs, multinational enterprises and policy edited by Maureen McKelvey, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 231-255
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses on how firms from emerging markets can access, and tap into, relevant external knowledge for innovation in Western countries, and thereby stimulate flows within new innovation spaces across countries.. This chapter focuses on China and Sweden, and more specifically on companies in the automobile and telecommunication industries. Chinese companies are increasingly moving abroad to access both advanced technologies and new markets. The chapter presents two case studies of Chinese firms moving into Sweden, including Geely’s purchase of Volvo Car Corporation in the automotive industry and Huawei’s hiring of Ericsson’s previous employees in the telecommunication industry. The cases represent two mechanisms for accessing scientific and technological resource, namely foreign acquisition and employment of key individuals from competitors through the establishment of R&D labs.
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| 40. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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How Networks and Sectoral Conditions Affect Commercialization in a Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurial Venture in the Medical Technology Industry: A case study of Aerocrine
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dynamics of Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship : Business Strategy and Public Policy/Edited by Franco Malerba, Yannis Caloghirou, Maureen McKelvey, Slavo Radoševic. - 9781138025288 ; , s. 265-288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses upon the development of a KIE venture in the medical technology sector in Sweden. The case study described and analyzed in this chapter is very specific, but it also provides insights into the more general processes about developing and managing a KIE venture. So although the KIE venture is located in Sweden, the dimensions related to market, and indeed increasingly those related to finance and production, are global. In the context of this book, this chapters show how networks and specific conditions in the sectoral systems of innovation influence the development and performance of a knowledge intensive entrepreneurial (KIE) venture.
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