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Sökning: hsv:(HUMANIORA) hsv:(Historia och arkeologi) hsv:(Historia)

  • Resultat 3611-3620 av 51959
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3611.
  • Sundvall, Samuel, et al. (författare)
  • Models of leaving home: patterns and trends in Sweden, 1830-1959
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: History of the Family. - : Routledge. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 28:3, s. 601-629
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Vasterbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving.
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3612.
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3613.
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3614.
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3615.
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3616.
  • Söderholm, Kristina, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • The transition to chlorine free pulp revisited : Nordic heterogeneity in environmental regulation and R&D collaboration
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 165, s. 1328-1339
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development paths leading to the transition to cleaner bleaching technologies in the pulp industry. It devotes particular attention to the key features of the Swedish transition, but also compares this to the Finnish experiences. The empirical investigation builds on an analytical framework highlighting the conditions under which pollution regulations can provide efficient incentives for deep emission reductions at industrial plants. Existing and new archive material, including not least comprehensive license trial acts for Swedish pulp mills over an extended time period, are studied. Based on this historical analysis our findings contradict previous literature, the latter emphasizing that pressures from consumers and the public were the most significant driving forces behind the adoption ofeand innovation inealternative bleaching technologies during the late 1980s. Instead, this paper asserts, the green pulp transition was characterized by regulation-induced technological change and was made possible by long history of industry-wide cooperation in environmental R&D. Furthermore, while previous research has emphasized the leading role of the Nordic countries in green pulp innovation, we identify a number of profound differences between Finland and Sweden. These emerge from various national contexts in terms of, for instance, industry structures and strategies, political cultures, and regulatory styles. Finally, at a more general level the paper provides a few policy implications for supporting the ongoing transition towards a forest-based bioeconomy.
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3617.
  • Söderholm, Patrik, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry : Impacts and Challenges
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Current Forestry Reports. - : Springer. - 2198-6436. ; 5, s. 185-198
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose of ReviewIn this article, we review existing research addressing how environmental regulations have influenced the pulp and paper industry. These regulations appear in different forms and designs and address air and water pollution as well as climate change. The paper devotes particular attention to how various regulations have affected sustainable technological change and the prospects for inducing deep emission reductions without jeopardizing industrial competitiveness and future investments.Recent FindingsExperiences from key pulp and paper regions, not least the Nordic countries, suggest that gradually tightening performance standards have contributed to radical reductions in emissions, e.g., chlorine compounds and biological oxygen demanding agents, and without imposing excessive compliance costs. This outcome can largely be attributed to how the regulations have been designed—and implemented—in practice, as well as to the presence of efficient and legitimate institutions. Long-term emission reduction targets, in combination with extended compliance periods and trustful firm-regulator relationships, contributed to radical technological innovation and permitted radical emission reductions without excessive compliance costs. The development of alternative bleaching technologies is an apt example. In contrast, the impact of carbon pricing schemes, including the EU emissions trading scheme, on carbon dioxide emissions reductions and related technological change in the pulp and paper industry has however been modest. Self-regulation, certification, and community pressure have exerted relatively modest influences on the environmental performance of the industry.SummaryImportant avenues for future research are identified. These include the following: (a) comparative research on how policy mixes in various countries have influenced environmental compliance and innovation; processes; (b) future studies of environmental regulations, their design and implementation, in emerging pulp and paper producing countries, not least China; and (c) research on how environmental regulations can affect ongoing restructurings in the industry towards a broader palette of products in biorefineries.
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3618.
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3619.
  • Söderqvist, Jonas, 1976- (författare)
  • Education - a Tool for Emancipation? : Social mobility among participants in the first classes at Brunnsvik Folk College, Sweden 1906-1920
  • 2016
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • As the Swedish labour movement grew stronger, the need for more theoretically skilled organizers became important. But access to education higher than primary level had not been attainable for everyone in Sweden in the late 1800s. This was however changing rapidly.Among the new forms of educational institutions were the folkhögskolor (folk colleges, or folk highschools), started by organizations in the civil society, or private persons for philanthropical reasons. They quickly became important institutions as they opened up higher forms of education to new groups in society. One of these institutions was Brunnsvik.This paper examines social mobility among the students in the first classes at the adult educational institution of Brunnsvik, 1906-1920. Brunnsvik became an important pillar in the labour movement: the most important place for intellectual education of its members. An investigation of the students’ background will shed light on who they were when they enrolled at Brunnsvik: their political background, educational achievements, social class, and any previous occupations. How would they benefit from further education and what were their future prospects? Did their time at Brunnsvik improve their life chances? Was the education a tool for personal emancipation, or for the emancipation of the whole labour movement?By using the historical international standard for classification of occupations, HISCO, and one of the social mobility schemes sprung from it, HISCLASS, I will map the social background and investigate social mobility of the students and their families. These quantitative results will be compared to an in depth investigation into more qualitative data from a number of individual cases. The importance of the educational programme at Brunnsvik and its place in the labour movement will also be put into a historical context. Hopefully, this paper will present the young labour movement’s first attempts to create a political education for its cadre. 
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3620.
  • Söderqvist, Jonas, 1976- (författare)
  • The History of Temporary Work Agencies in Sweden : - A brief overview of political argumentation and legislative processes
  • 2016
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Temporary work agencies, and private placement agencies in Sweden have been regulated in some form since the 1730s with the institution Adress-contoiret with royal privileges, where servants could register for work in Stockholm. In 1935, in coherence with the ILO convention from that time, privately run job centres charging fees from job applicants were banned, as well as work agencies acting as employers offering staffing services to their clients. A few exceptions concerning agencies for musicians and specialist consultants were allowed, but the main political values within the workers’ parties were that workers should not be considered as commodities. This regulation was active until 1993, when the government deregulated this practice.This paper will examine the process of legislation in the Swedish Riksdag concerning work mediation, placement agencies and temporary work agencies. Focus will be on the period from 1900 up to the two legislations of 1935 and 1942. During these formative years, the workers’ movement and their parties, the social democratic party and the communist party, were opposed to all forms of private agencies making profit from this practice. In parliament, motions against this practice were written by MPs from both workers’ parties. The paper is based on studies of parliamentary publications, reports from trade union archives and news paper articles.There were different kinds of temporary work agencies active during these times, both non-profit and profit. Several trade unions and social movements ran their own non-profit practices, e. g. the bakery workers’ trade union or the Fredrika-Bremer-association concerned with women’s emancipation issues. These practices were not the target of the motions in parliament. Instead they concerned agencies making profit from job mediation. Some agencies charged the job applicants a small fee for enlisting, some added a finder’s fee when the contract was written with the new employer, and some acted as employers and let out their employees as staff to their different clients.The issue at hand is that during the first part of the 20th century, the distinction between the parties concerned was between worker, mediator of work, and employer. MPs of the workers’ parties did not seem to make any legal distinction as to whether the workers were employed by the client they were offered to, or if the agency acted as the employer. They rather made a moral distinction and were more concerned with the level of exploitation of the worker than who had the legal responsibility as the employer – the temporary work agency or the agency’s client? This shows a different focus than what is prevalent today.
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